The Red Book m'dera Vladimir: zomera ndi nyama. Sungani chikhalidwe

Mu 2008, icho poyamba lofalitsidwa Red Book wa dera Vladimir. Zomera ndi nyama zina mwa izo, wakhala kuboma monga mitundu akufuna ikutha. Kusindikizidwanso m'buku osindikizidwa mu 2010

Chinali cholinga osati kwa akatswiri komanso osiyanasiyana owerenga. Buku lili mndandanda ndi kufotokozera mwachidule za mtundu yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera: bowa (10 mitundu), zomera (160 mitundu), nyama (160 mitundu).

Flora ndi zinyama za m'dera

The zomera za dera ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Iwo makamaka ankaimira nayonso kumpoto, nkhalango steppe mitundu European ndi kum'mwera Western. Kale, pamene gawo anali kuthawa glacier, pamodzi ndi zinafika marten, banki vole, polecat, zobiriwira woodpecker. Chongopeka izo chinakhazikitsidwa mu 30-40-ntchentche za Boar zakutchire, zimene pafupifupi inawonongedwa, koma ndiye anthu linakhalanso likuvutika nyama kunja. Choncho, Red Book wa dera Vladimir, zomera ndi nyama zomwe alonjezedwa ikutha, nthawi imeneyi si kudzadza ndi zamoyo zina. Chifukwa cha kuthetsa zomera coniferous ku Siberia kufala hares, mbawala, grouse ndi partridge.

okhala Chitsanzo derali ndi agologolo, voles ndipo ngakhale zosiyanasiyana oimira makoswe ndi. Yaikulu ya iwo - ndi Beaver, kunapezeka naye zinthu mofanana ndi Boar zakutchire. floodplain Madamu kwambiri kuti dzinja amaundana pansi, miyoyo muskrat.

Bowa ndi zomera

Madera ambiri malo ali osokonezeka nkhalango. Yabwino kotentha chokhala nyengo amapereka zinthu abwino kwa kukula kwa zomera ndi nyama. nkhalango ndi 56% ya malo okwana dziko. Chogwidwa makamaka paini, spruce ndi birch, nkhalango thundu zimapezeka pamodzi mabanki mtsinje. Kwa umunthu Vladimir dera akupereka mphatso zopambana: kuchuluka kwa bowa, zipatso, zomera mankhwala. Total zomera zikuphatikizapo 1370 mitundu, kuphatikizapo mitundu 19 lichens ndi ndere 230 mitundu.

zomera zonse m'buku anawagawa mwina zinatha, pangozi, numerically yafupika, kawirikawiri, pa udindo wa pangozi ndi chosadziwika. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nthawi amatanthauza mitundu imodzi yokha - rasipiberi, amene yotchuka chikudziwika ngati mabulosi kuiwalika. Yaitali chitsamba chilichonse Mwamsanga m'malo malo achilengedwe ndi makamaka chifukwa chodula mitengo. Wina Red Book of Vladimir dera (nyama ndi zomera m'lembali) monga mitundu akufuna ikutha. Izi dontho nsapato. Osatha chomera silinena kuti ngakhale lability ake zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo luso kukula mu dothi osauka ndi youma. The chepetse chiwerengero cha mnogoryadnik Brown, Naiad yaing'ono mofewa, Fritillaria Meleagris, malaxis monophyllos, cloudberries, achinyamata pobegonosnoe.

Dera amalimanso ambiri bowa wachinsinsi mitundu osowa: ndi truffle woyera, osinovik, greasers mitundu Veselka wamba, Grifola frondosa.

Kawirikawiri ndi pangozi fupa nsomba

The mitsinje mwa gawo a m'dera a beseni wa Volga, utali wonse awo ndi 8560 Km. Onse ali mbali ankaikira lathyathyathya: a otsetsereka yaing'ono, ofooka panopa, tortuosity choopsa cha njira. Mitsinje ndi nyanja wodzazidwa ndi nsomba, kuphatikizapo nsomba wapatali. The Red Book kutchulidwa Russian Nsombazi, Nsombazi (chithunzi), wamba bullhead, kukwera, minnow nyanja. Chifukwa chachikulu kwa anthu owerengeka - poaching ndi kuipitsa madzi ndi zinyalala mafakitale.

The Red Book m'dera Vladimir: mbalame

Magazini atsopano m'gulu ya mbalame makumi awiri, akuluakulu a squads khumi. Zikuphatikizapo wakuda khosi diver, grebe, bittern, osalankhula tsekwe ndi whooper tsekwe Merlin, peregrine kabawi, wamba kestrel, kadzidzi, nkhwezule, matabwa lark. Pachiopsezo anazindikira dokowe wakuda. Izi ndi mitundu chosowa kwambiri za mbalame kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia. Ali wamanyazi, amakhala m'dera nkhalango ndi amayesetsa kupewa anthu. Moyo ndi khalidwe makhalidwe ndi bwino anamvetsa chifukwa maonekedwe chozemba. Maziko a chakudya cha nsomba.

Nyama kutchulidwa Red Book m'dera Vladimir: derali

Nyama zimadya ali pamwamba pa unyolo chakudya, ndipo n'zosathandiza adani kupatula munthu. Iwo kukuteteza ku mitundu yonse atatu. A iwo zinatha, kapena mawu ena, zinafa m'deralo, ndi zofiirira chimbalangondo - mmodzi wa waukulu ogwirira dziko lapansi. Iye kamodzi kumene kuli anthu onse a ku Ulaya, ndi ku dera kum'mwera kwa malo ake anafika m'mayiko a Africa, mu East - China. Iye ali tsopano zinatha m'madera ambiri a Russia.

Pangozi ndi mitundu iwiri - amphakaŵa ndi otter. Chinyama choyamba - nthumwi ya banja mphaka. Mitundu kumpoto, malo yomwe ibwela Scandinavia. Iwo ali chikhalidwe mobisa ndi wakonda kuzimiririka, nkhalango mdima. The zifukwa ochepa kugwirizana ndi chiwonongeko cha malo awo.

No zochepa chidwi ndi nyama ya m'deralo monga otters mtsinje. Nyama yaing'ono kukula ndi theka-m'madzi moyo. Ndi membala ambiri banja ndi moyo kulikonse mu Russia, koma m'dera limeneli pa zifukwa zina, manambala M'zaka zaposachedwapa achepetsa.

Ogawika-hoofed ndipo zimadya nyama

The kumuwombera awiri Buku akupereka mitundu itatu. M'dera Vladimir anthu mitundu kawirikawiri ndi relict a dongosolo la insectivores - izo muskrat (chithunzi). Nyama yaing'ono ali ndi maonekedwe kwambiri sanali muyezo: Zikuluzikulu mphuno, ndevu, kuphwa ngati Beaver mchira ndi mamba, mutu waung'ono ndi wokongola kwambiri wandiweyani ubweya. Chinthu chachikulu achititsa kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nyama ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa floodplains, kuipitsa madzi, kukhetsa kwa madambo.

The chachiwiri nthumwi gulu - chimphona noctule. Ndi mmodzi wa mleme waukulu mu Europe. Voterani kwambiri chiwerengero chawo kovuta chifukwa cha njira mobisa moyo, koma mtundu wa pa mlingo dziko imatengedwa kukhala osatetezeka.

Ku dongosolo la nyama zokhala-hoofed m'dera limene latsala pang'ono kutha ndi njati za ku Ulaya. Iye anali kazembe womaliza wa gulu la ng'ombe zakutchire pa gawo Ulaya watsopano.

Kuti ndi sikelo ya Red Book wa dera Vladimir. Nyama ndi zomera, izo zinalembedwa, pangozi kutha. Nthawi zambiri, munthu ali wolakwa. Kamodzi zosiyanasiyana wachuma wa mitundu chaka chilichonse yafupika osati qualitatively komanso quantitatively.