Wolemba Borodin P:. Mbiri, zilandiridwenso, chithunzi

Munthu wapadera - Alexander Borodin, wolemba nyimbo ndi wasayansi onse adagulung'undisa mu chimodzi. Iye mofanana bwino anazindikira mbali ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. moyo wake ndi chitsanzo cha khama ndiponso chokonda kwambiri iliyonse chilengedwe.

Banja ndi Childhood

November 12 1833, ku St. Petersburg anabadwa mwana, anali zotsatira za extramarital zochitika za Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedianova ndi wamba Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova. The atate pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mwana wake anali ndi zaka 62, ndipo mayi ake - 25, iwo sakanakhoza kulowa m'banja chifukwa kusiyana kalasi, ndi kuzindikira mwana Prince sikunali kotheka. Choncho, ananena mwana wa serfs Gedianova. Choncho panali wolemba tsogolo Borodin dzina lake Aleksandr Porfirevich. Mpaka zaka 8, anali m'gulu chuma cha atate wake, koma mwamwayi, iye anali kum'patsa ufulu wake asanamwalire. Iye adagula mayi wa mwana wake, anakwatira dokotala Kleyneke ndi mwana wamkulu mwala nyumba pa 4 apansi ndipo anawapatsa moyo womasuka. Mu 1840 Gedianova wapita, koma zimenezi si zikupezeka mu umoyo wa mwana wake.

Chiyambi osadziwika sanalole Alexander kuphunzira ku sekondale, kotero iye anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba. mayi wake tcheru kwambiri, ndipo adadza kwa Iye anali mphunzitsi wabwino, iye zinenero awiri ena ndi chifukwa maphunziro kwambiri, zomwe zinamuthandiza mu 1850 ku mayeso matriculation bwinobwino pochitika. Koma zimenezi zisanachitike, amayi ake ndi bambo ayenera "kulembetsa" mwana, iwo atembenukira ku taphunzira Kleyneke ndipo anatha kulemba mnyamata munalidi gulu la amalonda, koma analola Borodin mwalamulo maphunziro anga ku sekondale ndipo nayenso mongodzipereka mu Medical-Zopangira Academy ku St. Petersburg.

Kumulakalaka nyimbo

Mu zaka 8, achinyamata Sasha anayamba kusonyeza chidwi amphamvu nyimbo, iye ankasewera pa nyumba kumva ntchito limba amva panja, pa nkhondo perete pansi, pamene asilikali anali kuyeserera. Iye anaonerera chidwi kwambiri ndi makina onse nyimbo, anafunsa anthu akuimba iwo. Amayi anafotokoza kuti, ngakhale iye anali kukonda palibe nyimbo ndi luso, anamuitana kuti woimba kwa asilikali, ndipo anaphunzitsa Sasha kuimba zitoliro.

Kenako mnyamata anaphunzira kuimba limba ndi cello, iye anatha kuphunzira paokha. Pa zaka 9 nyimbo wake adzawonekera. Sasha Borodin, Wolemba mwa chibadwa, analemba atsikana polka "Ellen." Pamodzi ndi sukulu mnzake, iye ndi alendo onse kukaimba St. Petersburg, kuphunzira zapamwamba, walemba pang'ono, monga kulemba ndi concerto kwa chitoliro, zeze ndi cello zochokera za zisudzo ndi Meyerbeer a "Robert Le Diable". Young Alexander Borodin - Wolemba Mulungu, koma ankakonda nyimbo osati. Iye anali kukufunirani ambiri, ankakonda sculpt jambulani, koma zowawa zake lalikulu kuyambira ubwana anali zimapangidwira.

Kufuna sayansi

Kale pa zaka 12 wolemba tsogolo Borodin anakumana ntchito moyo wake wachiwiri wa - ndi sayansi. Zonse zinayamba ndi makombola, monga ana ambiri, Sasha anamusilira kuwala zikuthwanima, koma anafuna kuti manja awo. Iye ankafuna kuti mu zinthu zimene iye anachita kujambula kwa zojambula, kuphatikiza mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Nyumba ya zachilengedwe wamng'ono anali Pachiwawa flasks ndi retorts. Mnyamatayu mayi nkhawa za chitetezo cha nyumbayo, koma sanathe Musamletse khalidwe zatsopano. Magic kutembenuka njira omveka mankhwala anachita chidwi Sasha Borodin ndi kuteteza entrainment ake kunali kosatheka. Pakutha chilakolako sukulu sayansi kuposa chikondi cha nyimbo, ndipo Borodin anayamba kukonzekera pakhomo yunivesite.

Iye bwinobwino Mwapambana mayeso, ndipo Wolemba tsogolo Borodin anadzakhala wophunzira pa Medical-Zopangira Academy, amene wakhala kunyumba wachiwiri kwa iye. iye anali mu njira iliyonse yokhudzana ndi zonse moyo wake wotsatira. Tinakumana ndi Professor Zinin anamukwiyira fateful kwa Alexander, m'lingaliro, anapeza bambo mwa iye. Iye analimbikitsa ophunzirawo kuti apeze sayansi ndipo anamuthandiza zinsinsi zonse zimapangidwira. Mu 1856, Borodin kwakukuru maphunziro sukulu ndipo anatumizidwa ku usilikali kuchipatala dziko. Ntchito dokotala, iye analemba nkhani yolembedwa, ndipo mu 1858 analandira digiri ake mankhwala. Koma zonse izi phunziro mu umagwirira ndi nyimbo.

zinachitikira yachilendo

Mu 1859, AP Borodin, Wolemba, dokotala ndi wasayansi, anatumidwa kunja kukapitiriza maphunziro m'munda wa umagwirira. zaka zitatu Alexander Porfirevich unachitikira ku Heidelberg, Germany, pa University umene panthawi imeneyo unali pafupi wanzeru bwalo Russian asayansi: Mendeleev, Junge, Botkin, Sechenov - zonona za Russian sayansi yamakono. Mu chimangidwe tinali osati chipwirikiti zokambirana sayansi, koma ikufotokozedwanso mavuto a zojambulajambula, anthu ndi ndale. Zotsatira za kafukufuku Germany Borodin anabweretsa kutchuka lonse monga sayansi kwambiri. Koma zatsopano sayansi iye saiwala za nyimbo nawo nyimbo, kukumana mayina atsopano - Weber, Liszt, Wagner, Berlioz, Mendelssohn anakhala admirer odzipereka a Schumann ndi Chopin. Borodin komanso akupitiriza kulemba nyimbo ya cholembera chake masamba angapo ntchito chipinda, kuphatikizapo Sonata wotchuka chifukwa Cello ndi piano Quintet. Komanso, Alexander Porfirevich wayenda kwambiri ku Ulaya, pafupifupi chaka anakhala mu Paris, kumene amadziwa zinsinsi zimapangidwira ndipo analumphira mu dziko nyimbo ano.

Umagwirira monga momwe moyo

Onse yonena za Borodin, wolemba mwa ntchito, ndi umafananirako sayansi. Pochokera kudziko lina, iye bwinobwino zapita lipoti pa maphunziro ndi analandira pulofesa pa Alma Mater wake. Ndalama Borodin sanali wanzeru, mphunzitsi malipiro sadzachitanso yokutidwa zofunika. Iye anapitiriza kuwaphunzitsa pa Academy mpaka mapeto a moyo, komanso kupeza kutumiza ndalama. Amagwiritsidwanso zimayesetsa kafukufuku. Mu 1864 iye analandira udindo wa pulofesa zaka 10 anadzakhala mkulu wa zasayansi sayansi zimapangidwira. Mu 1868, Borodin ndi mphunzitsi wake Zinin wobwezera anayambitsa Russian Chemical Society. Mu 1877 anakhala academician sukulu mbadwa mkulu, mu 1883 iye anasankhidwa ndi membala aulemu wa Russian Society of madokotala.

Chifukwa moyo wake wa sayansi Borodin zafalitsa 40 mapepala kafukufuku anapanga ena atulukira, monga mmene bromine, dzina lake, maziko a chiphunzitso yamakono ya mapulasitiki.

Njira nyimbo

Back mu zaka wophunzira dzina lake Aleksandr Borodin, Russian Wolemba, amalenga angapo ntchito kwambiri, iye nalonso nyimbo cellist a. Iye anapitiriza kuphunzira nyimbo ndi pa kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu ya kunja. Ndipo iye anabwerera ku Russia, akulowa bwalo luntha nyimbo. The nyumba mnzake Botkin, anakumana ndi Balakirev, amene pamodzi ndi Stasov kwakhudza mapangidwe mumtima mwake zokongoletsa. Iye anayamba Borodino mu gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi Mussorgsky, kuti ndi kubera Wolemba ufumuwo anapeza nawo ulamuliro mtundu wathunthu ndi anadzatchedwa monga "Wamphamvu ochepa". Wolemba Borodin anakhala zogwirizana continuer wa miyambo ya Russian dziko sukulu, Mikhail Glinka.

sewero la zilandiridwenso

Pa moyo wake kulenga, chimene nthawizonse wakhala likufanana ndi ntchito zina, Alexander Porfirevich analemba 4 ntchito yaikulu ya opera.

Borodin wolemba - chipatso cha zaka zambiri za ntchito. "Bogatyr" analemba 1868. Kenako "Mlada" amapezeka mu mgwirizano losonkhanitsidwa ndi olemba ena. Kwa zaka 18 iye ntchito pa wofuna kwambiri ya chilengedwe chake - cha sewero la "Prince Igor" ndi "Lay" omwe sadathe kumaliza, ndi pambuyo pa imfa yake ku ntchito zikande wakhala zinapezedwa anzake. The sewero la "The Tsar wa Mkwatibwi" komanso siinamalizidwe, ndi mu mfundo imeneyi basi autilaini.

chipinda nyimbo

Music Wolemba Borodin makamaka umaimiridwa ndi ntchito chipinda, analemba sonatas, concertos ndi zamitundumitundu. Iye amaona pamodzi ndi Tchaikovsky anayambitsa Russian anai. nyimbo zimaonetsa mix wa lyricism ndi epic, amamuchititsa onga, ntchito kwambiri ndipo amajambulapo maluwa okongola chikhalidwe nyimbo Russian, komanso mochenjera n'zogwirizana Western nyimbo European, iye ankaona ngati kholo la European Impressionism.

ntchito kwambiri

Wolemba Borodin anatchuka chifukwa ena wa chilengedwe chake. Wake Choyamba Symphony ES-dur, wolembedwa mu 1866, anadabwa m'nthawi yake ndi mphamvu yake, m'maganizo ndi nzeru iye anabweretsa Wolemba ulemerero European. Onse atatu nthetemya atamaliza Borodin ndi ngale nyimbo Russian. Wolemba Borodin a pa sewero "Prince Igor" ndi "Tsar wa Mkwatibwi" ndi dziko omveka. Mu nawo, ophatikizapo zonse ziri bwino mu nyimbo Russian, amalenga chithunzi waukulu wa mbiri epic la Russia.

wolemba Borodin ochepa, koma chidutswa - mwaluso kwenikweni. nyimbo yake Nthawi zambiri mwa oimba ano. A "Prince Igor" ali repertoire a nyumba Russian opera.

ntchito panja

Dzina Borodin wolemba kugwirizana ndi kuphunzitsa. Ophunzira anakonda kutifotokozera mu chikondi ndi katswiri wa zasayansi. Iye anali wokonzeka kuthandiza ophunzira osauka, osiyana mtima ndi tilinazo. Kumatetezera ophunzira ku chizunzo ndale, monga popereka thandizo kwa ophunzira mu kuphedwa kwa Mfumu Alexander II.

Kuwonjezera pedagogy Borodin akukonzekeretsa ufulu nyimbo sukulu, iye amatithandiza matalente achinyamata kupeza njira zawo nyimbo. Borodin kwambiri khama ntchito pa kupereka mwayi kwa akazi maphunziro apamwamba, bungwe zamankhwala akazi, yemwe amaphunzitsa ufulu. Komanso, awapeleke wophunzira kwayara, kusintha wotchuka sayansi yotchedwa "Kudziwa".

zachinsinsi

Wolemba Borodin, kanthawi yonena amene anapereka m'nkhani, ankakhala olemera kwambiri sayansi ndi luso moyo. Ndipo sizinali mpaka mapeto a moyo wosangalala m'banja. Ndi mkazi wake anakumana naye paulendowu kudziko lina. Iwo anakwatirana chabe cha 1863, mkazi wake anadwala mphumu ndipo bwino analekerera mu nyengo ya St. Petersburg, iye nthawi zonse anali kupita climes otentha, amene kwambiri kuchichepetsa bajeti. Ana angapo sanali, koma ali ndi ana ochepa, zomwe Borodin anakhulupirira aakazi.

Zovuta ndi tima moyo kukumba Borodin thanzi. Iye anali pakati pa zilandiridwenso, sayansi ndi utumiki, ndi mtima wake sanali kupirira katundu amenewa. February 27, 1887, anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Pambuyo kunyamuka, abwenzi, lotsogoledwa ndi Rimsky-Korsakov Anamaliza "Prince Igor" mosamala yolandira onse kulenga cholowa lalikulu Russian wopeka nyimbo.