Wozimitsa wothandizila: gulu, mbali ya ntchito

Litha wa panopa machitidwe moto chitetezo zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zinthu, kupyolera mu zomwe zagwiridwa moto nkhondo. Pachikhalidwe, nthumwi yaikulu ya mtundu umenewu akuti ndi madzi. Ndithudi, okhutira yotchuka kwambiri ya kachitidwe moto kumenyana, koma osati m'zochitika zonse, njira iyi ndi othandiza. Choncho, zina wothandizila wozimitsa tikuuzidwa mu misonkhano ntchito zida moto, umene katundu amakonzedwa ndi hardware mathandizidwe. Kotero kuli fumbi zigawo zambiri, formulations madzi ndi aerosols, gasi ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala bwinobwino kulimbana ndi moto.

Gawo wozimitsa wothandizila

The mfundo yolekanitsa wozimitsa nthumwi zochokera chikhalidwe cha zotsatira za moto. Ambiri njira ya yozizira kukhudzana amenewa ndi a zone kuyaka. Mu ndondomeko ya wozimitsa ndi infeed mwakhama mawu a zipangizo asiye-moto. Mu nkhani iyi, antchito moto utumiki ayenera zotheka kusakaniza zojambula zinthu ndi disassemble zipangizo moto adzakhala bwino kuziziritsa khungu pamwamba. Mfundo ina zachokera dilution wa zigawo yomweyo. Pankhaniyi, wothandizila wozimitsa ndi loopsali kapena decomposing incombustible zinthu ❖ kuyanika amene amathandiza kuletsa moto. Chimateteza zipangizo komanso sizachilendo, lomwe kuchita ntchito m'dera kuyaka mwa kulenga zopinga wapadera jumpers ndi T. D.

Pali gulu lina la zipangizo moto wozimitsa, ozikidwa pa boma thupi la thunthu. Makamaka, secrete madzi, gaseous, free-madzi, okhazikika, ndi mayunitsi nsalu excipients moto. Dziwani kuti fillers a magulu osiyana monga gulu ili si kumumanga dongosolo tatchulawa kulekana. Ndiko kuti, gulu la wozimitsa zinthu pa mfundo chikoka pa zone moto moto angalole kuti kulowa mu limodzi la magawo zipangizo ziwiri kapena zambiri ndi katundu osiyana thupi ndi mankhwala.

wothandizila kuzirala

Theoretically, kuyaka akhoza anasiya pamene pa liwilo kuonetsetsa kuchotsa kudzipatula matenthedwe. Kuzindikira mfundo akhoza mwa kugwiritsa ntchito refrigerant amene amalamulidwa ndi yozizira kutentha kuchotsa ndondomeko, kuchepetsa Ntchito kuyaka gwero. A nthumwi tingachipeze powerenga za gulu la chuma yozizira ndi madzi - wozimitsa wothandizira amene ali mkulu kutentha mphamvu, kupezeka, ndipo mankhwala inertness.

Monga zipangizo zonse chilengedwe ndi kuipa mu madzi anapatsidwa. Choyamba madzi onse ali mkulu magetsi madutsidwe, limene palokha amaika malire lalikulu ntchito zake. Zinthu kulimbikitsa pamene madzimadzi ndi wothira zina zina kuti kuonjezera mphamvu kuimika panopa. Koma si kuipa onse. Madzi ali ndi luso ofooka ananenedwa kutsatira zipangizo ndi moto, chifukwa cha zomwe zoona, anadzetsa ndi zina zapadera. Chifukwa analandira ndi atumiki wozimitsa woimira zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana ndipo njira - zambiri zochokera mchere.

wothandizila sequestering

Nkhani ambiri a gulu limeneli - chithovu. Kusakonda Impact kumathandiza kuti yimitsira bwino moto ndi zomvetsa kochepa ndi chiopsezo ku mawu a chitetezo poizoni. Thovu dongosolo ndipamene dongosolo colloidal thovu ndi madzi kuti ndi mpweya kudzazidwa. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu izi ndi amadza awiri - chimateteza ndi kuzirala. Pankhaniyi, osati onse chithovu wozimitsa wothandizila angagwiritsidwe ntchito kumenyana moto. Mwachitsanzo, mu nyumba kuchepetsedwa sopo njira sadzakhala ndi zotsatira chifukwa kapangidwe ka emulsion mu moto adzakhala yomweyo anawonongedwa. njira Choncho apadera ntchito ndi dongosolo ndi amphamvu thovu angathe komabe zotsatira matenthedwe ndi makina. Pofuna kulimbikitsa stabilizers thovu zinthu zapadera akuwonjezeka nyimbo njira. Komanso zolumukizidwa ndi wothandizila pa thobvu ndi ntchito emulsions mpweya.

Mu gulu la chimateteza popanga zipangizo kunyamula ndi ufa cholinga kuzimitsa moto. Ngakhale zinthu izi aliyense ali ndi ndi multifactorial ochepetsera kugwira ntchito pa moto, chimabwerabe Amaonetsa luso kupeza magwero a poyatsira. Mafomu amenewa Mwachitsanzo, ntchito wozimitsa ufa zochokera zitsulo carbonate soda, bicarbonate, salt ammonium ndi mankhwala ena. Monga zinthu zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito purposefully kuzimitsa zamagetsi.

mankhwala dilution

Ichi ndi gulu lalikulu la zinthu, amene makamaka lolunjika pa ntchito zinthu zapadera wozimitsa moto. Kusiya moto m'njira ntchito zipangizo angathe nthunzi flammable kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi mpweya noncombustible ku mkhalidwe ndende, kapena kuchepetsa mpweya okhutira mu mlengalenga pa mlingo komwe kuyaka salinso anakhalabe. Izi zikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zipangizo - mwachitsanzo, m'dera ambiri a moto, mpweya kuyaka kapena purposefully sakusangalala.

Malinga ndi mwambo wa anthu ambiri a mtundu umenewu ndi carbon dioxide, amene amathandiza kuthetsedwa zothandiza kwambiri yoyaka moto. Wozimitsa wothandizila mu mawonekedwe a asafe ndi nthunzi ya madzi komanso wofunika malingana ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, nthunzi ntchito kwenikweni pamene wozimitsa moto zipinda chatsekedwa ndipo malo zolimba. Pa chinthu processing nthunzi chimadzaza chipinda lonse, diluting ndi kutulutsa mpweya therefrom misa. Choncho pophika yogwira chindiletsa moto, popanda amadza zikuwononga pa anthu mu chipinda. Komanso, nthawi zina awiri anaonetsetsa nthunzi lawi lakhala kwenikweni. Choyamba, mozama yokha kungasokoneze mpweya wogwirizira. Chachiwiri, m'malovu anapangidwa kuchokera vaporize nthunzi ndipo zimatentha ku gwero moto.

zinthu mankhwala yogwira

gulu ili la zinthu zimakhudzanso ochepetsera pa ndondomeko kuyaka. othetsa mfundo zachokera kukhudzana mankhwala zikutanthauza kuti zone moto. Pa kukhudzana ndi wothandizila wozimitsa chandamale interacts ndi malo yogwira zimene oxidizing, umene kukhala mankhwala nonflammable kapena otsika wotseka kuyaka anachita.

Choperekera chotsatira angathe chimasanduka halogenated. Izi mankhwala wozimitsa ndi inhibiting zotsatira zomwe ziletsa ntchito kuyaka. Koma m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti zinthuzi ndi oopsa zotsatira poizoni. Koma wozimitsa dzuwa, izo zikhoza kukhala gulu bwino zipangizo nkhondo moto. Koma, kachiwiri, reactivity oipa kwambiri zimasokoneza ntchito zinthu zina. Ponena za mankhwala enieni, mankhwala ochepetsera akhoza umaimiridwa ndi Freon ndi mankhwala ena zochokera opangidwa kuchokera halogen wa ethane ndi dziko. Akatswiri kuitana zomangira freons, kupatsa lakuti yeniyeni ndi umboni wa mipweya. zikhalidwe ntchito ndi zinthu kololeka anafotokozedwa malinga ndi kulemba.

Mobile ndi kuliika moto kumenyana zida

Palokha, mphamvu za zinthu theoretically zingathandize polimbana ndi moto ndi kochepa, ngati n'zopanda dongosolo chakudya. Chifukwa chaichi, m'manja ndi n'kupuma unsembe onyamula kayendetsedwe kapena kupopera wa chinthu yogwira. Pakuti maofesi mafoni monga magalimoto moto, umene ukugwira ntchito chitetezo. Komabe, si magalimoto wamba ndi ndodo. Chimodzi modzi akhoza monga sitima, ndege ndi sitima ukugwira ntchito pa kuwonongedwa kwa moto, m'mikhalidwe yoyenera. Ndi wamba ndi kuliika moto wozimitsa dongosolo, amene cholinga kumasula wothandizila wozimitsa. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'magulu otere ntchito m'nyumba ndi diluting ndi zipangizo yogwira.

Ntchito yaikulu kuti achite makhazikitsidwe mapulani mwina kudziŵika kuchotsa kapena ngati chandamale osachepera, moto kutanthauzira. Choncho pali anakonza a mitundu structural a maofesi amenewa. Makamaka, kusiyana ndi amene adapangidwa pakati pa dongosolo yodziyimira payokha ndi loitanirana. Komanso pa maziko a dongosolo la chitetezo ambiri zokha ikuyenda kuchoka Buku kulamulira ndi moto yimitsira kachitidwe, lowonjezera ndi zamagetsi zamakono atsopano machitidwe mphamvu ya kutali.

Ntchito oyang'anira wozimitsa zinthu zomera

Moto oyang'anira ndalama kotunga zipangizo wozimitsa moto zambiri cholinga pa siteji ya pomanga nyumbayo, yomwe idzachitike unsembe wawo. Popeza kuti machitidwe oterewa ndi kwambiri wovuta zofunika mauthenga, kotero mawerengedwe choyambirira cha malo ndi unsembe wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Childs, yadera amenewa ntchito pa malo mafakitale, amenenso anayikidwa ndi chidebe cha moto zinthu wozimitsa mtundu. Kungakhale Mwachitsanzo, akasinja madzi kapena zonenepa ndi thovu kapena mpweya odzazidwa. Ena zosintha, ndi njira, si anaikira kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa lawi la. cholinga chawo chachikulu ndi kuteteza zida kupanga kapena mauthenga - mwachitsanzo, ndi kutsitsi madzi.

Makhazikitsidwe a mtundu zingasiyane malingana ndi chipangizo ndondomeko. Osati nthawi zonse moto oyang'anira ziwembu udindo n'kupuma. Kungakhale mafoni moto mbiya ndi Kuwonjezera mu mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu kapena mphamvu yakutali. Kumene, wamba ndi kuliika makhazikitsidwe, moto wozimitsa wothandizila omwe kaŵirikaŵiri ikuchitika mwa njira yokonza ndi kulankhulana Intaneti ambiri. kugwirizana Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tisawononge nthawi pa gulu la zomangamanga ntchito ndi yomweyo anayamba moto wozimitsa ndondomeko.

Makinawa machitidwe moto kumenyana

Modern basi kachitidwe ka moto kulola, mosasamala za phukusi la anthu, kulamulira zinthu umboni kuopsa kwa moto, ndipo pa nthawi kuyamba ndondomeko wozimitsa. Childs, pa choposa mfundo chibadidwe pulogalamu akuyamba kudyetsa mankhwala yogwira ndipo nthawi yomweyo Alamu kumayambika. Pankhaniyi, pali njira zosiyana amazilamulira madongosolo otero. Mwachitsanzo, zitsanzo sprinkler ndi makina bwinobwino, koma pali machitidwe ena amene amapereka ulamuliro Buku. Choncho nthumwi wozimitsa mu makhazikitsidwe moto mafuta akhoza kupangidwa mu mode yaotomatiki, ndi lamulo la woyendetsa mwa gulu kulamulira. Koma ulamuliro uwu amadalira mtundu wa mbewu yokha - yodziyimira payokha zochokera kwa kudziyimira pawokha wamkulu, pamene centralized kulola osiyanasiyana pazipita njira kasamalidwe.

Nkofunika kudziwa zinthu otetezedwa amene sangathe nthawi zonse n'komwe cha machitidwe a kachitidwe makina. Zida zomera otere wolungama yekha pa nthawi imene Kupha moto chida chachikulu zosatheka. Komanso, pa maofesi kupanga ena kutumikira chitetezo ndodo si usana ndi usiku. Mwachionekere, mu zinthu zimenezi, simungakhoze kuchita popanda njira yaotomatiki kumenyana moto. Chinthu china ndi kuti kuchepetsa mavuto ayenera poyamba kusankha lamanja la wozimitsa wothandizira, basi chakudya osapitilira yekha zikukhudza kuwonongeka anakonza ndi chisanadze masamu.

Gulu la mayunitsi wozimitsa moto wothandizila

Pakuti mtundu uliwonse wa dongosolo moto yimitsira akugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa mankhwala yogwira. Zifukwa chitetezo, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo angapo mu zovuta wina kawirikawiri ankachita. Dongosolo ambiri ndi kapangidwe ndi moto wozimitsa. Makamaka zofala machitidwe chigumula, amene ntchito pofuna kuteteza malo ndi moto chiopsezo. Mphamvu ya zipangizo amenewa chifukwa chakuti iwo akhoza kupereka panthawi imodzi ulimi wothirira wa dera lonse la Malo otetezedwa. Mu kapangidwe kake chigumula moto machitidwe yimitsira monga mapampu, mapanelo kulamulira, mapaipi, akasinja madzi, ndi monga kudziwitsa chipangizo D..

The chachiwiri wotchuka kwambiri nkhani imene ntchito chigumula nyumba ndi thovu. m'magulu otere ntchito kuteteza malo m malo mafakitale, kupewa poyatsira tiransifoma ndi zida za magetsi. Ndithu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sprinkler unsembe thovu moto zinthu wozimitsa. Mwa njira, mayunitsi ndi zambiri zofanana ndi makhazikitsidwe madzi likuyandikira kwambiri kwa dosing. Awa ndi wozimitsa wothandizila chachikulu ntchito njira n'kupuma ndi mafoni za kulimbana pa moto, koma palinso kachitidwe apadera mpweya ufa ndi aerosol. Childs, moto zida chitetezo ngati fillers ntchito mu zochitika zapadera - mwachitsanzo, mu malo pali kuchuluka zofunika kukonza zida zamagetsi.

Pomaliza

Ndi mitundu yonse ya zipangizo ntchito mu kachitidwe kamakono moto yimitsira, akatswiri simungakhoze adzatchedwa chonse, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kulimbana ndi moto. Pali ndithu kugawanika bwino zipangizo mu makalasi malinga ndi makhalidwe awo luso ndi ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo, umagwira ntchito amadza zofunika wozimitsa wothandizira mwa munthu, ndi zinthu zimene ali mu zone ya poyatsira. Mwachitsanzo, moto yimitsira machitidwe ndi fillers mankhwala kukhoza kukhala njira yokha moto yimitsira. Monga mchitidwe limasonyeza ntchito, sidzatenga wambiri osachepera wozimitsa nkhani ya mtundu umenewu kuthana ndi moto sukulu ya pulayimale.

Koma vuto ndi zotsatira zimenezi zingabweretse ntchito woopsawo mankhwala zinthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akatswiri kuphunzira njira firefighting latsopano, kuphatikizapo yomanga. Mogwira zikugwira ntchito wothandizila kwa wozimitsa moto angathe kuvumbuuitsa kuthekera kwathuthu kwawo Koma ngati limodzi wakhala bwino bungwe dongosolo kulimbana kutupa foci. Chikutanthauza kuti Dziwani kufunika ndi zofunika maofesi kuti kupereka zinthu kuzimitsa ndi njira ulamuliro - basi kapena Buku.