Control cheza ndi mankhwala: amafuna ambiri ndi malangizo a chingwe chida

The ntchito amakampani mafakitale n'kofunika kuti chitukuko cha boma ndi nzika. Komabe, si kugwilizana ndi zofunika chitetezo ukapezeka kuopseza moyo ndi thanzi la anthu. Izi zikhoza kukhala cheza kapena kuwonongeka mankhwala. zoterezi amafuna kanthu mwamsanga - kuthetsa matenda.

Kuopsa cheza ndi mankhwala mpweya

Ndi mabomba a nyukiliya, ngozi pa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi masinthidwe ena nyukiliya anatsindika particles ambiri nyukiliya. Izi ndi zinthu zimene ziri atomiki mtima apasuke ndipo akhoza mosadalira kusamukira ku phata la atomu wa zinthu zina. Chifukwa, analenga ionizing cheza.

zochitika zofanana ndi zakhudzana malo, anthu ndi katundu. Mwa chibadwa, ionizing cheza ndi atomu, komanso kusala avundulidwe mtsinje wa particles. Izi umawononga maselo mu thupi ndi zomwe zimakupatsani matenda poizoniyu. Pamene boma la kunyalanyaza kukubwera imfa. Kuti kafukufuku pa nkhani imeneyi ntchito cheza ulamuliro choyezera, mwayi umene ali akatswiri yekha.

makhalidwe a

Mpweya ndi makhalidwe ziwiri:

• ionizing;
• ozama luso.

Kuwonjezera ndi cheza ionizing kwa anthu ndi chikhalidwe oopsa particles poizoni n'kopanda ntchito zida za mankhwala, komanso zinthu kwambiri poizoni. zochitika zofanana zimachitika ngozi mafakitale.

kugonjetsedwa anthu amapezeka mwa ingestion wa particles poizoni m'thupi, mwachitsanzo, wolankhula ndi nthaka zakhudzana kapena zinthu ntchito chakudya oopsa, madzi, mpweya inhalation. Kuteteza anthu ku zochitika imagwiridwa cheza ndi ulamuliro mankhwala. Zimenezi zimathandiza kupewa ngozi, ndi kuteteza anthu ku mavuto.

amafuna ambiri

Control cheza ndi mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa:

• makampani ndi mabungwe a boma bungweli "Rosatom";
• mabungwe, akudikila "Rosatom";
• m'minda Biomedical mabungwe;
• mu mabungwe, kupanga njira kulamulira dosimetric.

malangizo ochiritsira enshrined mu SanPiNs ndi alendo, zomwe sizinatchulidwe malamulo a ntchito mu kuipitsidwa mankhwala ndi nyukiliya.

zida cheza kafukufuku

ndi cheza kudziwika zipangizo ntchito chiyani? Pakuti cholinga cha kutentha zida kudziwika kuti amachita cheza mlingo muyeso, mmene matenda, akudzizindikiritsa Mlingo. Komanso chipangizo ntchito kwa onse anthu ndi chakudya, madzi, mayendedwe ndi zinthu zina. Cheza polojekiti ikuchitika ndi kutenga matenda.

Zida adzagaŵikana malinga ndi ntchito:

• chifukwa kafukufuku cheza: Indicators cha mpweya wa poizoni ndi roentgenometer;
• kuwayang'anira mlingo wa kuipitsidwa: radiometers;
• kuugwira kukhudzana: dosimeters.

Aliyense chida chofunika kuteteza anthu ndi malo ngozi. Activities monga kafukufuku cheza motelo kulola kukhala ndi muyezo wabwinobwino wa amoyo.

Mitundu cheza

cheza Alpha ankayimiridwa ngati mtsinje wa helium mtima maatomu ozama ntchito ya umene uli pa mlingo wochepa. particles awa asungidwa zovala zachilendo, zodzitetezera. Zinthu kukhala yoopsa ndi malowedwe mu thupi, imbaenda ku walitsa mkati.

cheza beta ndi mtanda wa ma elekitironi kudya opangidwa ndi oipa a particles nyukiliya. Ngakhale ionizing mphamvu ya yaing'ono, koma mkulu malowedwe ntchito. Osati nthawi zonse mankhwala amateteza cheza Kotero, muyenera pogona bwino.

Popanga madzi a gamma cheza amachokera intranuclear. Propagates ndi kuwala kumayendera. M'kuunika mkulu mphamvu malowedwe, choncho ngakhale ikuyenda mwa zipangizo wandiweyani. Popeza particles ionize maselo a zamoyo, amakhala oopsa kwa anthu. Monga chitetezo ntchito m'misasa ofuna fallout, zapansi ndi kosungira.

Njira kudziwika cheza

Kudziwa cheza zotsatirazi njira:

• Kumafuna muyeso wa Zithunzi emulsion wosanjikiza blackening ndi cheza nyukiliya;
• mankhwala zochokera mitundu kolowera kusintha mtundu mankhwala mchikakamizo cheza;
• scintillation kumatanthauza kudziwika photons;
• Ionization zachokera chakuti cheza anaona mpweya ionization.

Control cheza amalola kuti awulule mlingo wa matenda komanso kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa mavuto pa anthu, nyama ndi chikhalidwe.

Zida zamankhwala reconnaissance

Kuona mlingo wa kuipitsidwa ndi particles poizoni mpweya, mtunda, mayendedwe, zovala, madzi pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo mankhwala kudziwika. N'zothekanso zitsanzo zosankhidwazi njira, amene anasamutsidwa kuti choyezera zinthu yoganizira.

Chipangizo amachitira ndi poizoni, ndi mliri anatsimikiza ndi chizindikiro mtundu kusintha. Pamaziko a mudziwe anasonyeza zipangizo zimenezi, udzakhazikitsidwe ambiri particles zoipa mu mlengalenga. The zida monga:

• asilikali chida mankhwala reconnaissance;
• mankhwala kudziwika chipangizo;
• theka-mankhwala kudziwika chida;
• zodziwikiratu chowunikira mpweya.

Mitundu yonse ya zipangizo ndi mfundo zofanana. Aliyense wa iwo amalola kudziwa mmene kuipitsidwa.

ayamikira

Pali malamulo ntchito molondola pangozi:

• pamene detects ngozi Alamu ndi;
• ndi chitetezo wokonzeka;
• malo pamene kachilombo amaikidwa anthu zachitetezo;
• ngati n'koyenera, bungwe gulu la anthu;
• kubwerera kwa anthu n'chotheka kwa malo abata.

Chifukwa kuonerera ukulephera kupewa ngozi. Mpweya mowirikiza polojekiti utumiki nyengo kuti akhoza mu nthawi kuchenjeza za zochitika yayandikirayo. chowawa. Choncho ndikofunika ulamuliro wa dzuwa, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kukhala upandu anthu.