Yade Stone: katundu ndi Mapulogalamu

Nephritis ndi translucent viscous mchere kuti ali ndi wandiweyani Mat waxy luster. Maonekedwe kwambiri akufanana yade, jadeite, kotero m'mayiko Chingelezi kuti panopa limatchedwa «yade» dzina. Only pa chiyambi cha yade watha zaka jadeite anayamba kusiyanitsa pakati pa iwo, pa nthawi panali chitukuko mofulumira sayansi mineralogical. Nephritis chimasiyanitsa lolemererapo mitundu, m'munsi yokoka yeniyeni Mat coloration. Monga yade, nephritis zikuchokera ndi silika pawiri, koma muli zosafunika magnesium, kashiamu ndi chitsulo. mwala yade, katundu amene mofanana mitundu ina ya chitsulo, aumbike mwa interweaving wandiweyani ulusi chokhala tsitsi losapesa mu ndinamverera. Chifukwa cha kuuma mkulu wa zinthu zovuta kwambiri kusamalira Komabe, ndi zodzikongoletsera zopangidwa yade amatha kupulumuka Zakachikwi.

Popeza kuti mwala nephrite, katundu amene anthu akale ankaona moona zamatsenga, anali wodziwika Kale, amatchedwa "mwala wa ulemu" chifukwa cha makhalidwe zambiri prosaic. Conquistadors, izo inafotokoza kuti mwala uwu mwangwiro akugwirizira kutentha. Oyendetsa anapulumutsidwa ku matenda monga colic aimpso ndi ululu otsika kumbuyo chifukwa miyala mkangano ntchito kumbuyo m'munsi.

Ife, yade mwala, katundu amene alidi wapadera, bwino wobiriwira mtundu, koma zambiri watanthauzo phale. Chinese ndi chopangitsa amalemekezabe kirimu ndi woyera yade. Red, wabulauni, wachikasu ndi pafupifupi wakuda jades ali n'kukhala kwambiri. Ku Ulaya, kukwera mtengo kwa nephritis zimadalira momwe ziriri wobiriwira ndi kukhalapo kwa specks lakuda. Yade simargedo wobiriwira akuganiza wapatali kwambiri. Stone mwina amakhala osiyana wa chilungamo, ndi apamwamba ndi, ndi apamwamba ofunika nephritis amenewa. Kum'mawa Siberia madipoziti woyera zidzasintha anapezeka wakuda, wotumbululuka wobiriwira ndi chikasu yade, kuposa miyala khalidwe ku madipoziti onse odziwika.

Yade Stone: mbali ndi mankhwala

Kuyambira chiyambi cha Neolithic ulemerero lothandiza yade. Ambiri ntchito kuti arrowheads, nkhwangwa ndi mfuti. About zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, yade madipoziti alipo China lonse. Zinali ndiye kuti wina lokhudza dziko la woyamba wa dziko lonselo linayamba kusema yade. Pafupifupi, ine asanakumanepo ndi munthu amene sanavale osachepera mphete ndi yade. mwala uyu anali ndi tanthauzo la chipembedzo, izo kuyamikilidwa anafa, iye anaposa ngakhale golide mu kutchuka. Yade anali zimachitika kumwamba ndi katundu wapadera, ichi chinali chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu yake kupulumutsa miyoyo ndi kutipatsa moyo wosafa. Mafumu anapangidwa zovala yade manda - kavalidwe, monga zida, wazunguliridwa ndi yade mipando, nthawi zonse sarcophagus zopangidwa yade. Maya ndi Aaziteki anapereka mwala katundu zofanana, kwa chitsitsimutso cha akufa, pakamwa yake timiyala yokutidwa mwambo nkhope chigoba ndi chala ankavala yade mphete.

Chinese Kale zopangidwa yade zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa, mphete, zibangili, pakhosi zosonyeza ndi ndalama. pakhosi zosonyeza nyimbo anapanga mbale woonda mchere. madona olemera ankavala maambulera chokongoletsedwa ndi yade mabelu. Ikuluikulu umodzi chosema mwala anapangidwa pogaya kunja, nthawizina kukula kwa kapangidwe ndi zodabwitsa chabe. Malamulo ofunika ambiri ananamizira yade chisindikizo. Mu Asia, mwala amaona chizindikiro cha chigonjetso yade ankagwiritsa ntchito pa ulemerero wa zida ndi madalitso otchuka.

Mu East, apamwamba ofunika sukulu kuwala, pamene Europe mdima wobiriwira yade anali wofunika kwambiri. The Peterhof Lapidary Ntchito opangidwa ndi nambala yaikulu zinthu zodabwitsa: tabletops, Miphika, mbale zolowa, mouthpieces, Zithunzi ndi zambiri.