Russian General Kutepov dzina lake Aleksandr Pavlovich: MBIRI, anatumikira mu White Army, chikumbukiro

Wotchuka mtsogoleri wa White kayendedwe dzina lake Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov asilikali anabadwa September 28, 1882 mu Cherepovets mu boma wodzichepetsa ndi inconspicuous ndi zigawo. Childhood ndi sukulu zaka, mnyamata anapita kumpoto Arkhangelsk. Small chuma banja anaphunzitsa Alexander kwa wonyozeka wovutika moyo - maluso amene akhala akugwira naye ntchito yovuta.

zaka zoyambirira

Mu 1902, atamaliza maphunziro a sukulu ya galamala Arkhangelsk tsogolo ambiri Kutepov analowa inali ku St. Petersburg, Vladimir asilikali sukulu. zinachitikira sekondale analola mnyamatayo mosavuta Inde ongolankhula. Komabe, iye anali kufooka - kubowola. Kutepov anakumana ndi mavuto ankaikira achinyamata onse nawo masukulu lankhondo la mabungwe wamba. Koma ngakhale, kukakomana naye pa msinkhu wina wa moyo, Alexander athane ndi mavuto onse. Anamuthandiza osasunthika zinafuna kupirira ndi kulimbikira, amene ali kale mu moyo akuluakulu osati kupulumutsidwa General.

Mu 1904, dzina lake Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov maphunziro a ukachenjede ndipo anakhala msilikali wachiwiri 85th oyenda Regiment ya Vyborg. Patapita miyezi ingapo pa mwambo mwambo wa Grand Duke Konstantin anapanga kuti sergeants aakulu.

Pa nkhondo Japanese

Mosakhalitsa anali Alexander Kutepov kutumikira monga Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Kamodzi pa kutsogolo, nthawi yomweyo anapempha kuti akhale pa kufuna kwawo kuti kukazonda ankhondo. Posachedwapa achinyamata si analamula kapitawo adadziwa pa kuukira kumudzi wa asilikali a ku Japan. detachment wake anagula zikho wapatali (mfuti makina-mfuti). Ofunda mkulu wa Vyborg Regiment anali msuweni wa Russian tsar Kayzer Vilgelm. Iye anali kupereka dongosolo la German Korona Kutepov. Iye anati Scout ndi mbadwa mphamvu. M'nthawi ya Chirasha Japanese nkhondo dzina lake Aleksandr Kutepov analandira dongosolo la St. Stanislaus 3 digiri, St. Anne ndi digiri 4-TH ndi St. Vladimir digiri 4-TH.

Kumapeto kwa nkhondo wamagazi ku Far East, aluso Scout anali kuchita maphunziro a analembedwa kumene usilikali. Tikaonanso Russia, choyamba Inabuka zochitika kunachitika (pa maziko za kulephera kwa nkhondo ndi Japan m'dzikolo zisinthe itayamba mu 1905). Tsogolo ambiri Kutepov anali atakwera sitima, pamene sitima anasiya omenya amakhumudwa ndipo analengeza chilengedwe cha dziko lawo. Usilikali sanali anadabwa atamva zoti, ndipo anathandiza thandizo la asilikali okhulupirika anamangidwa komiti chosintha, rioted pa siteshoni ya sitima.

zaka wobvutika

Chiyambireni wa First World nkhondo, dzina lake Aleksandr Kutepov anatsogolera gulu 4 wa Preobrazhensky Regiment. August 20, 1914 nkhondo pa Vladislavovo unathera chilonda iye. Posakhalitsa, mkulu wa anachira ndipo anatenga gawo mu ntchito angapo kupambana polimbana ndi dziko la Germany. Madzulo a zisinthe anakhala msilikaliyo.

Mu February 1917, Kutepov anali yaitali tchuti ndi kukafika ku Petrograd. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mkulu chokha cha udindo wake (Wapolisiyo), anayesa kuletsa masoka matauni chiwembu, imene inatha ndi abdication mfumu. Komabe, gulu, amene anatha kusonkhanitsa Kutepov, anali wamng'ono kwambiri motsutsa likhale disaffected nzika Petrograd misa.

Kachiwiri pa kutsogolo

Pambuyo pa February utasintha, wapolisiyo anabwerera ku ntchito yogwira. Mu April, iye anatsogolera Moyo alonda Regiment. Ndi nthawi mapangidwe uyu anali pafupifupi yekha zigawenga pawiri kutsogolo. Mavesi linakwiriridwa pansi zochita za odana ndi nkhondo ndi chosintha mukubwadamuka.

Nthawiyi Preobrazhensky Regiment nawo BREAKOUT Tarnopolsky. Pa ntchito imeneyi, July 7, 1917 Kutepov kachiwiri adadziwa nkhondo pafupi ndi mudzi wa Mszana. Pakuti anamanganso wake, analandira dongosolo la St. George digiri 3. The Preobrazhensky Regiment Aleksandra Kutepova dzina wakhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi khama kudzipereka kwa ntchito ndi utumiki chosadzikonda kuti Mama.

Kum'mwera

Ndi kubwera kwa Bolshevik asilikali amene anamenya nkhondo ndi Germany ndi Austria-Hungary, potsiriza anakomoka. Mu December 1917, Kutepov kumanzere kutsogolo ndipo anapita Kiev. Mu "mayi wa mizinda ya ku Russia", analowa Muzikonza Army. Gawo yogwira ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni anali koma atayamba. Otsutsa opulumutsidwa mphamvu zawo ndi kukonzekera nkhondo.

Mapeto a 1917 - chiyambi cha 1918. tsogolo ambiri Kutepov unachitikira ku Taganrog, kumene anali mtsogoleri wa asilikali kuderalo. Apo iye anali kulimbana ndi Red alonda. Mu January 1918, White anakwanitsa kuswa ovomereza-Bolshevik asilikali mu zipolowe mu Matveyev Kurgan. Malinga ndi mkulu wa mkulu Anton Denikin, inali yoyamba nkhondo ya Civil nkhondo.

Tikumbukenso kuti pakati pa iye ndi Kutepov panali ya mikangano maganizo. Denikin choikidwacho mwachilungamo owolowa manja, pamene Alexander Pavlovich nthawi zonse anali olimbikira maganizo monarchist. Komabe, ngakhale kuti kusiyana za chikhalidwe choyenera cha mphamvu, Kutepov wakhala anathandiza mkulu nkhani asilikali.

motsutsa Bolsheviks

Kuyambira pachiyambi, alonda onse mu utumiki wa White Army kunali kovuta komanso yotopetsa. The apotheosis zinthu wodyerana a nkhondo anali "Ice" ntchito yochotsa Kuban (February - May 1918). Mu ntchito iyi, Kutepov natsogozedwa ndi m'modzi wa asilikari m'kamwa Regiment a. Mu April, iye anayamba kupereka malamulo Kornilov Regiment, ndiye - Choyamba oyenda Division.

Mu November, Alexander Pavlovich anakhala Major General. Madzulo a asilikali woyera anatenga Novorossiysk, ndi Denikin anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe lankhondo la Black Sea Kutepov. kusankha Zimenezi zinali zachilendo ambiri, monga woyendetsa anali asanakumanepo zinathandiza kwambiri pa ulamuliro wamba.

Pa udindo wake watsopano kapitawo wa chinkhoswe mu ndondomeko ndi olimbika oongoka. miyeso wake wotsimikizika adani a boma woyera anadzatchedwa monga "Kutepov." Asilikali kazembe kuyang'anira chitetezo ndi mtendere wa kotunga Novorossiysk, bungwe ndi ogwirizana yachilendo. Nthawi itafika cha doko yaikulu ya m'munsi mwa kundipatsako kunja kayendedwe woyera. Kutepov gulu likulu latsopano ndipo anamuika mutu wa Nikolaya De Roberti. Iye anakhala kudzanja lamanja la Alexander Pavlovich ndi executor ya malamulo ake ankhondo.

Pa mutu wa "akuda" regiments

Mu January 1919, kale odziwika bwino Russian ambiri anatsogolera 1 Army Corps, limene opaleshoni mu beseni ndi Donets. Chisanu ndi kasupe asiya kuti tipezenso mphamvu mphamvu ndi chitetezo kum'mawa Ukraine. Iyo inali nthawi ya mavuto aakulu a mphamvu zonse za Muzikonza Army.

ubwenzi Denikin ndi anzake ambiri anasiya kwambiri wolakalakika (makamaka mantha kusiyana ubwenzi wake ndi Wrangel). Choncho, mtsogoleri nthumwi mkulu Kutepov (pambuyo dongosolo si mkulu wa asilikali) mphamvu zambiri. Makamaka, Denikin anamupatsa "akuda" regiments - pachimake pa White Army Alonda.

Kusankha chifukwa Kutepov anali ndi mbiri yakuti wamkulu mwakhama ndi ankhondo, si chidwi ndale. Ndipo kwenikweni anali. Ngakhale ena adagawa khungu anapha chimbalangondo ndipo anakambirana tsogolo ndale kumasulidwa ku Russian Bolsheviks, mkulu anachita kutsogolo-mzere yake yovuta malonda.

Gawo lotsiriza la nkhondo yapachiweniweni

Asilikali kamodzi anasonyeza makhalidwe ake apadera pa Kharkov ntchito. Pakuti utumiki wapadera iye anapangidwa ndi msilikali wamba. Posakhalitsa anayamba nagonjetsa pa Moscow Muzikonza Army. The ntchito yochotsa likulu wakale Gen. Kutepov analamulira Corps, amene anafika Mphungu. Ndiye nizitsamwitsa ntchito namtsata abwerere kwa kutali Novorossiysk. Ngakhale kugonjetsedwa pambuyo ambiri Russian iye anakhalabe ankhondo mphamvu magulu Kumvetsela mongodzipereka - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev ndi Drozdovskaya.

M'chaka cha 1920 Kutepov anali mu Crimea, kumene Baron Wrangel anamuika mtsogoleri wa umodzi wa nyumba woyera lomaliza. Pa mutu wa mapangidwe msilikali anapita m'mikangano ya lonse la kumpoto Tavria. Ngakhale kuti anthu Alexander ndi ena otchuka atsogoleri a asilikali a White kayendedwe, ndi Bolsheviks anapitiriza amanyansidwa awo. Mu November 1920, Kutepov anali anasamutsidwa kuchoka Crimea.

emigration

White Alonda General Kutepov, amene yonena ndi Chitsanzo cha expellees Union mphamvu ya mdani, pa kukhala woyamba mwa Gallipoli. Pali ogwirizana opulumuka asilikali Wrangel. Mu December 1921, Kutepov ndi thupi lake, anabwera ku Bulgaria. Makonsolo anamangidwa ndipo anathamangitsidwa m'dzikolo. Warlord anasamukira ku Yugoslavia, kumene anakhala Wothandizira Chief wa Russian Army.

Mu 1924, General Kutepov ndi mkazi wake Lidiya Davydovna Kyut anakakhala Paris. Kapitawo anayamba kutumikira mu Grand Duke Nicholas, zomwe ambiri emigration woyera ankaona mutu wa ukapolo Nyumba ya Romanov. Great-amalume wa Russian tsar otsiriza yoikidwiratu wapampando wa kapitawo wotchuka EMRO - Russian usilikali Union.

Chochita udindo wake watsopano Alexander Kutepov? General anakhazikitsa mogwirizana ndi mabungwe chinsinsi odana Soviet kuchita dera la USSR. Iye akhali na chidikhiro kuti ndi thandizo lawo, ngati inu sakwanitsa napasula Bolsheviks, ngakhale mphamvu zawo kulenga mavuto ambiri. Komabe dongosolo Kutepov kuchokera pachiyambi anali kulephera.

imfa

"Anti-Soviet bungwe" maselo zinalengedwa mwachindunji apolisi kusaka pansi ndi kuthetsa atsogoleri yogwira emigration Russian mu Europe. Kulephera lalikulu kwambiri Kutepov anali mgwirizano wake ndi 'Khulupirira, kumene kunachitidwa kasamalidwe wa OGPU.

January 26, 1930 Alexander Pavlovich kubedwa nthumwi za nzeru Soviet. opareshoni kufika unkachitika mu Paris. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, ndipo amaona tsiku la imfa Kutepov, ngakhale mavuto a tsoka lake kungokhala nkhani ya mbiri yakale kuzitsutsa. M'nyengo Union, nkhani White Alonda a asilikali anali wachinsinsi monga "chinsinsi."

Only mu 1989 anauzidwa kuti Kutepov anafa pa Bolshevik Sitima Chifukwa iye Novorossiysk. Akukhulupirira kuti kapitawo anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima (mwina chifukwa chake anali mlingo kwambiri a morphine anayambitsa ambuyawo). Mu buku lina la White Alonda akadali ku Moscow, kumene anawonongeka mu Lubyanka.

chikumbukiro

Masiku ano, pali chipilala imodzi kuti General Kutepov. Iwo lili waukulu Russian manda ku Paris Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. Pambali pake anamangidwira ndi cenotaph ambiri. Kumanda umakhala komweko, izo amachita ntchito chophiphiritsa.

Warlord wosasiya Maulendo, koma anamuika m'nthawi ambiri ndi comrades mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi emigration. Maulendo a General inafalitsidwa mu Russia mu 2000s ndi. buku zimaonetsera chimene chiri theka aiwala muno dzina lake Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Quotes ulaliki kutsogolo ndi yofunika kukambirana ndi White Army anzake kupereka zochitika wapadera Zojambula pakhoma Russian chipwirikiti.