Zachilendo chipululu zomera: Calligonum. Kufotokozera, ntchito

Buckwheat - mwana weniweni wa m'chipululu. Chimakula mu malo otentha kwambiri ndi lina pa dziko, pokhalabe mkulu kukongoletsa maonekedwe, maluwa owala onunkhira ndi zipatso zodabwitsa. Mu zikhalidwe za m'deralo, iye wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito, monga nthawi zina pafupifupi waukulu chomera m'deralo.

Bzalani Calligonum: kufotokoza

Pansi pa dzina linaperekedwa chikuphatikizidwa mtundu nthambi chitsamba chilichonse osatha mu banja Polygonaceae. Tamasulira kuchokera ku Latin, izo Chili mawu "wokongola" ndiponso "interstitial" imene Ndipotu amasonyeza maonekedwe a mbewu. Anthu calligonum anapeza nambala ya maina, kuphatikizapo ng'anjo, utsi, matabwa sorelo (chifukwa cha zikumera kukoma) tursuk ndi ena.

Kukula kwa chitsamba zimasiyanasiyana mu uthunthu wa mamita 0.4 mpaka 7, malingana ndi malo kukula. Choncho, pafupi pansi ndi mitundu kukula ngati zitsamba mtengo kapena Mipikisano unayambika.

Chomera ali wodzaza nthambi openwork korona. Thunthu ndi nthambi wamkulu adzakhale yokhota kumapeto, mphukira kumulowetsa yaitali, olumikizidwa dongosolo, mtundu - imvi wobiriwira, pafupifupi masamba. m'njira zambiri ankaikira mtundu wa zomera chipululu.

Calligonum chimatulutsa mphukira chaka chilichonse, mitanda ku axils wa nthambi zake, monga iwo adzagwa ndi pafupifupi afe kwathunthu. Masamba inconspicuous, acicular kapena subulate, liniya, 3-7 mm m'litali, likulu lawo lili ndi zitsulo amplexicaul, oyambirira kugwa.

Pakuyenera kukhala zomera amphamvu ndi dongosolo lolingana mizu. Pakuti buckwheat ndi zambiri zachiphamaso mtundu wa khalidwe. Horizontally oyenerera mizu lateral kukwawa mpaka 20 mamita m'litali ndi 30 kuya, kupereka okha ndi madzi.

maluwa buckwheat

Chomera kusiyana mofulumira kwambiri ndi zaka 5-6, kale anafika kukula kwake pazipita, khalidwe la mtundu. Pa zaka zofanana, inu mukhoza kuona woyamba maluwa chipululu chitsamba chilichonse.

Zabwino kuona zimene zikuwoneka ngati Calligonum pa maluwa (m'ma mochedwa April). Wamtali chitsamba chilichonse, ndi pafupifupi palibe greenery, yokutidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana umodzi oyera, pinki (zina ndi kum'chitira wofiirira) kapena maluwa wobiriwira. Ali ndi fungo owala, axillary, mawonekedwe zolondola, bisexual. Patapita masabata oposa awiri mazira maluwa anapanga kumapeto May - oyambirira June, zipatso anayamba kupanga. Vegtatsii ndondomeko yokha kumayambira theka lachiwiri la March.

fruiting

Zipatso buckwheat ndi molunjika kapena zopotoka mtedza kukhala pericarp olimba. Chinthu chapadera ndi kuti ndi mapiko, kapena china usypany nthambi kapena zophweka setae. Iwo kangapo yaitali kuposa mtedza wa. zipangizo oterowo ambiri zomera chipululu. Calligonum m'nkhani imeneyi chimafikira komanso mbewu waikamo mu mchenga ndipo mosavuta adatengedwa ndi mphepo pa ataliatali kwambiri. Komabe, ndi kumera zake chipolopolo si zabwino kwambiri, koma luso kumera anakhalabe kwa zaka 5-9.

M'dera la kukula

Mamembala a mtundu Calligonum yodziwika ndi kukana wosiyana ndi luso kupulumuka mu zinthu zankhanza kwambiri zimaperekedwa. Nthawi zambiri ndi mitundu yekha wa zomera apamwamba, kuti kukula mu zipululu dzuwa zinapserera. M'dera la kukula lalikulu: kwa chipululu cha Sahara (Africa North) kuti Alashan ndi Ordos ku China. Yaikulu mtundu zilipo zoposa 150 mu Russia opezeka mu Western Siberia.

Calligonum (anafotokoza hereinabove) bwino mu michenga akuwukha tulo kwa mlingo wa vertex ndi mavuto ena kwambiri. Komabe, amakhudzidwa amachichita frosts, pa kutentha 2-5 ° C zanthete kuyamba ziume ndi kutembenukira wakuda.

mitundu ya buckwheat

Monga tanenera kale, ndi mtundu waukulu zikuphatikizapo zoposa 150 mitundu ya zitsamba maonekedwe osiyana ndi kukula kwa maluwa ndi zipatso. Lekani tcheru chanu chokha pa ena, kuphatikizapo kukula mu Russia.

• Calligonum treelike - chitsamba chilichonse ndi dongosolo bwino anayamba mizu, kufika mpaka 3-3.5 mamita mu msinkhu. Imodzi mwa mbewu choyamba, chimene chili pa mchenga kusuntha, kotero ntchito kulimbikitsa nthaka. Iwo ali kukongoletsa katundu mkulu ndi ntchito Soliters, mbewu gulu pa m'mbali kuti akonze tchinga kapena magulu zozitetezera.
• Calligonum leafless - chitsamba chilichonse kwa 2 m mu msinkhu ndi nthawi mizu yopingasa (mpaka 12 m), amene amalola ntchito yake chomera pochvozakreplyayuschee. Chimakula pa dongo dothi la mchenga, solonetz, saline dothi la mitundu ina. Mu Russia, anapeza kum'mwera kwa m'munsi Volga, ku Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia. Ambiri ntchito (chakudya, nkhuni, monga chakudya cha nyama) mwa anthu ameneŵa a steppe lapansi.
• Calligonum mkulu. Mtengo umenewu wochepa (mpaka mamita 7) ndi tsinde wochepa ndi korona ochepa kapena pang'ono nthambi chitsamba. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti zomera Calligonum chipululu kuphatikizapo kungakhale kukongoletsa. mtundu uwu ali ndi khungwa chachikulu choyera ndi maluwa.
• Calligonum "Mutu wa Medusa." - mofulumira kukula kwambiri nthambi chitsamba chilichonse kwa 2 m chidwi kwambiri kwa anthu onse a mtundu, iyenera maluwa zokongola ndi onunkhira, chipatso ali wolemera ofiira kapena zobiriwira. Ntchito kakwamba gulu, njoka zam'mimba za matepi, mipanda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito anthu

Iwo kalekale wapatali zomera chipululu ndi corsac ndi calligonum. The zanthete za anthu zakwawoko lotsiriza la Kalmykia ntchito kuti athetse ludzu lawo, koma kwa zophuka pa nthambi ya mipope anapangidwa ndi mbale.

Makamaka ndi kufunika kwake zachuma. zanthete ndi zipatso, amene ali ndi khalidwe wowawasa kukoma, amatumikira monga chakudya ngamila ndi nkhosa. Popeza sali wolemera kwambiri chakudya m'munsi, mtengo wa mankhwala si mkulu. oimira Treelike a mtundu wa ntchito ngati nkhuni, komanso kupanga handicrafts ndi alendo. Ena zomera mchipululu (Calligonum makamaka) angathe kukula pa kusuntha mchenga, kotero mwakhama ntchito olimba nthaka ngati chomera yokongola.