Zinthu Emergency khalidwe achilengedwe. Kufotokozera, gulu

The acronym zadzidzidzi (mwadzidzidzi) zinthu zina zinthu zoipa analenga chifukwa cha polojekitiyi chilengedwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Dera la yogawa awo akhoza zimasiyana ndi malo ochepa m'mizinda yonse, mayiko kapena chiphunzitso, ngakhale padziko lonse. Malinga ndi chiyambi cha ngati zinthu anawagawa m'magulu angapo. Gulu lirilonse, ingalembe analembapo zokhudza mwadzidzidzi angapo ofanana.

Zimayambitsa zinthu monyanyira angakhale pangozi osiyana m'mafakitale ndi mabizinezi (makamaka polimbana ndi mankhwala, nkhondo, kapena ena zikanavulaza mafakitale). Komanso apa m'pofunika ati ndi masoka achilengedwe, chokhwima kapena nthenda zachilengedwe zodabwitsa, ndi ngozi zina zopangidwa ndi chiyambi anthropogenic. Monga ulamuliro, pakutchulidwa zadzidzidzi kumatanthauza zotsatira angapo zoipa: m'njira ina chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, thanzi la anthu kapena chuma chawo.

Mitundu ya masoka achilengedwe

zinthu Emergency khalidwe zachilengedwe ali yemweyo i ambiri monga zina mwadzidzidzi. Makamaka, zingakhale m'deralo kapena anagawira pa malo mwachilungamo lalikulu. Chimodzi mwa zinthu khalidwe ndi maonekedwe ake okhala achilengedwe. Izi pazikhalanso zikanavulaza Geological zochitika (subsidence, ntchito chiphala), peat ndi moto nkhalango, kwambiri nyengo zochitika (monga namondwe, lalikulu matalala, mikuntho, chipale chofewa, akamvuluvulu kapena mvula yamvula). Palinso khalidwe chilengedwe cha mwadzidzidzi monga hydrological tsoka (madzi osefukira), kubuka chachikulu tizilombo, matenda mliri pakati pa zinyama ndi anthu, kusintha zikuchokera mpweya kapena malo m'madzi.

Ambiri mwa classifications mayiko a mwadzidzidzi zachilengedwe, monga kuipitsa kutali mu gulu osiyana. Chifukwa zochita mizu choyambiriracho losakanizika masoka zachilengedwe: umagwira yofunika mwachindunji kukopa anthu, pamene Mkuntho kapena mphepo yamkuntho zidzachitika, kaya mmene zinthu anthropogenic. Koma m'mayiko CIS, onse Integrated mu gulu limodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mavuto amenewa ayeneranso amati ndi chikhalidwe cha masoka achilengedwe. Choncho, pali magulu ziwiri zokha: zachilengedwe ndi opangidwa mwadzidzidzi.

Gulu la zochitika mwadzidzidzi khalidwe la chibadwidwe Russia

Ngakhale chitukuko mkulu wa sayansi, anthu apitiriza kukhala pa chiopsezo ku mphamvu za chilengedwe komanso mu masiku oyambirira maonekedwe ake. Izi ndi zoona makamaka mu nthawi ya masoka, pamene chinthu akuswa mu bwino, okhazikika bwino pa moyo wathu ndi kwathunthu kusintha. Analysis zinthu zadzidzidzi zimene zinachitika m'zaka za posachedwapa, amapereka zokhumudwitsa Mapa. Malinga anaona asayansi chiwerengero cha anthu amene a mwadzidzidzi kumawonjezera chaka chilichonse (peresenti pa avareji 8.5). Sami masoka achilengedwe akhale owononga kwambiri kuposa peresenti 4.3. Ngakhale dongosolo bwino anayamba wa kulosera ndi kupewa zinthu zimenezi dziko.

Komanso, mu nthawi yathu, n'zoonekeratu kuti polojekitiyi anthropogenic amachita zimakhudzanso mozungulira pa zosayembekezereka ngozi. Komvetsa chisoni ndi looneka mwachisawawa masoka achilengedwe choncho chifukwa zochita zathu nzeru. Mwachitsanzo, kudula mitengo pa nthawi, zinachititsa kuwonjezeka mu pafupipafupi kusefukira kwa madzi ku Russia ndipo kwambiri kukodzedwa m'dera la kufalitsa zodabwitsazi oopsa.

Okwana dziko lathu za 30 zochitika zachilengedwe loopsa kuthekera kwa anthu. Mphamvu kwambiri owononga iwo ndi mikuntho, mphepo ndi Anthufe tikuvutika. Livni, zivomezi, kugumuka ndi zigumukire ndi nkhawa kwambiri m'madera a mapiri. A moto nkhalango m'pofunika kukhala kulimbana pachaka magulu a nayonso. Chifukwa cha akadali underdeveloped dongosolo chenjezo , ambiri a zochitika tafotokozazi kukhala woopsa kwambiri.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, nthawi zambiri timakumana nawo ngozi za chiyambi mumlengalenga (28%) mu malo chachiwiri ndi zivomezi (24%) ndi malo lachitatu wotanganidwa ndi kusefukira kwa nyengo (19%). Komabe, za makumi peresenti ya lonse Russian gawo amaonedwa zonse kunachitika zivomezi zikhoza mabacteria. Amadziwika kuti chivomezi - mmodzi wa Tsoka lachilengedwe loipa chikhalidwe, kuneneratu kuti ndi zovuta. Nthawi zambiri izi sizotheka. Zinthu zovuta chifukwa chakuti m'madera izi zili ena cheza ndi lalikulu mankhwala woopsawo zinthu.