Zitsamba za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ndi zachimereka. Kodi matanki anayamba bwanji ndipo akuwoneka bwanji tsopano?

Ngakhale kuti asilikali a Red Army ndi Soviet anthu adagonjetsedwa ndi magulu a asilikali a Wehrmacht, allies a America adatha kulimbana. Inde, kwa iwo, nkhondoyo (kotero kuti atsopano a blockbusters sanalankhule za izo) zinapangidwa makamaka ku Pacific.

Muzinthu zambiri, kuti asiye kukana kwa a Japan, ndipo matanki a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse adawathandiza kupeza ndalama zogulitsa ngongole. Magalimoto a ku America si otchuka, koma ena a iwo sanali oipa.

Mabanki aunika

Popeza kuti katswiri wamakono Christy anali wachimereka chabe, musadabwe ndi kuchuluka kwa akasinja a kuwala ku United States. Zonse zinalipo zinayi, osati kuwerengera nambala yabwino ya kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri.

M3 "Stewart"

Mabanki awa a ku America anawumbidwa mu 1940, ndipo monga maziko, "Mathankhondo" M1 ndi tchire la M2A4 zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maonekedwewa anali ochiritsira: MTO inali kutsogolo kwa nyumbayi, chipinda cholimbana ndi pakati pa galimoto, oyendetsa galimoto anali pamphuno.

Mu magalimoto othamanga, njira yowonjezera ya ku America inagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawiyi: makina ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ophimba mabala awiri, mbali zonse, komanso maulendo oyendetsa oponderezedwa ndi akasupe amphamvu. Thupi ndi nsanja zinapangidwa ndi zida zankhondo zowonjezera ndi kuwotchera ndi kuvuta. Nkhondo - zisanu "Browning" 7.62 mm ndi mfuti 37 mm.

Kusinthidwa komalizira, M3A3, kunatulutsidwa mu 1942. M'malo mwa mfuti zisanu, atatu okha anatsala. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo ichi, kutsekemera kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, zida zankhondo zinali ndi malo otsetsereka. Iwo amadziwika kuti ndiwotchi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pakuti pakangotha zaka zingapo pafupifupi magalimoto 24,000 anapangidwa. "Zambiri" zinaperekedwa ku USSR mu Lend-Rental. M'mayiko ena a ku South America, "amuna achikulire" amatha kuwona mpaka zaka za m'ma 90 za m'ma 1900.

M5 "Stewart"

Ikuyimira chitukuko china cha malingaliro otchulidwa mu M3A3. Momwemonso, nthambi ya America iyi imakhala yofanana kwambiri, popeza akatswiri akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera. Nkhondoyi idakali yofanana ndi 37 mm Canon ndi itatu "Browning" 7.62 mm. Panthawiyi mfutiyo inali ndi mzere wokhazikika.

Sitimayo inali yosiyana ndi yomwe idakonzedweratu muzitsulo zatsopano zatsopano, zomwe zimayimira magetsi aŵiri a V okhala ndi mpweya wokhala ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri, mapangidwe atsopano a nyumba yonse ndi nsanja, komanso magetsi atsopano.

M22 "Tchire"

Mu 1944, chifukwa chosowa chofunika kwambiri chokhazikitsa magalimoto m'magalimoto ake, Army M22 inakhazikitsidwa ndikuvomerezedwa. Momwemonso, mabanki a ku America awa sanali osiyana kwambiri ndi M3. Makhalidwewo anakhalabe ofanana kwambiri: mawotchi oyendetsa galimoto, oyendetsa galimoto ndi oyendetsa galimoto anali kutsogolo kwa nyumbayi, chipinda cha antchito pakati, ndipo injini zinali kumbuyo.

Kuzindikira kwathunthu kunali kokha kapangidwe kowonjezera mphamvu, monga kanagwiritsa ntchito injini ya injini yamagetsi asanu ndi imodzi, yomwe inali yowonongeka ya makina. Izi zinapangitsa kuti tangi lonse likhale lophwanyika kwambiri, kuchepetseratu zitsulo zake ndi miyeso yake. Mfutiyo idakhalabe yemweyo. Kukonzekera ndi kumanga kwa odzolawo adalandira kuchokera ku M3. Magudumu oyendetsa okha ndiwo anapangidwa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo akasupe abwino.

M24 "Chaffee"

Mabanki awa a ku America a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse anayamba kufalanso mu 1944. Chifukwa cha kuganizira mozama za ntchito ya akasinja owala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka monga kuvomereza ndi kukwera. Iwo anali ndi magawo ambiri ndi misonkhano kuchokera ku M3 ndi M5 (kapangidwe kakang'ono ka hydraulic and boarbox) adakongola kwathunthu, koma mwa mawonekedwe ndi zida zankhondozo zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi oyambirira onse. Khola ndi nsanja zinali zowonongeka kokha. Zida zankhondo zili pamakona otsika kwambiri.

M'ndandanda wam'mwamba ndi kumbuyo, zisoti zazikulu zinapangidwira kuti zikhazikitse moyo wa zokonzanso. Panthawiyi, adagwiritsira ntchito magulu awiri a odzigudubuza ndi mtundu wina wokhazikika. Chida chachikulu chinali ndi mphamvu 75 mm Canon. Anali ndi mfuti 7.62 mm mfuti ya Browning. Mfuti ina yofanana ndi imeneyi inayikidwa pambali mwa thanki. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mfuti ya anti -ircraftcraft ya 12.7 mm ya Browning M2NV inapangidwa padenga. Pofuna kuwombera kachipangizoka, tinkagwiritsa ntchito magetsi otchedwa Westinghouse.

Matanki apakati

Iwo anali otetezeka, mabanki abwino kwambiri a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Magalimoto a ku America a gululi anapanga dzina lopanda "Sherman", lomwe linakondedwa ndi asilikari athu. Monga ankhondo akale omwe adagonjetsa zipangizo zogwirizana nazo, anali a T-34 omwe anali okongola kwambiri. Komabe, za chirichonse mwa dongosolo.

M3 "Perekani"

Iyo inakhala yoyamba ya sing'anga yosungiramo zida zambiri. Kawirikawiri M3 Grant amasokonezeka ndi M3 Stuart. Inde, matanki awa a ku Amerika (chithunzi chiri mu nkhaniyi) ndi a makalasi osiyana. Chinthu chachikulu chinali malo atatu (!) Malo a zida. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, pamunsi wapansi, kanema 75 mm inaikidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a madigiri 32.

Pa mlingo wachiwiri pali turret ndi 37 mm kanki ndi mfuti yopanga mfuti. Mbali yachitatu imayimilidwa ndi mtundu wina wa makina ndi mfuti, zomwe zimatheka kuthetsa zonse zomwe zimayendera pansi ndi mpweya. Choncho, kukwera kwa akasinja a ku America (komanso Soviet iwo m'mbuyomo) kunali njira yopititsira patsogolo nambala, koma malangizo awa anadziwika kuti ndi olakwika.

Kutembenuza turret ndi 37 mm kanon, osati magetsi komanso magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachidziŵikire, mfutiyo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha magalimoto. Zowoneka telescopic, zipangizo zoziyang'anira zimapangidwa mu dongosolo la pulmatic. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko zopangira, kuponyedwa, kutsekemera ndi kukondweretsa zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nsanja, wothandizidwa ndi gawo lonse la kutsogolo linaponyedwa.

Chotsatira chake, matanki awa a ku America a dziko lachiwiri adakhala osadziwika kwambiri: zida zofooka kwambiri, kutalika kwambiri, malo osapambana a zida, zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi magetsi a nyenyezi (zomwe zinali zosasoweka).

Ngakhale kuti pali zida zambiri, zida zowonjezera moto zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Misala, galimotoyo inali yofanana ndi "Tigers" ya Chijeremani, koma mphamvu yogonjetsa inali pamtunda wa tchire.

Komabe, thankiyo idakonzedwa mwakhama kuyambira 1939 mpaka 1942, mpaka itasinthidwa kwambiri ndi M4 - matanki opambana a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Magalimoto a ku America a m'badwo umenewu anali abwino kwambiri.

M4 "Sherman"

Malo okwera kwambiri a thanki a ku America, omwe anali ndi zida monga Achimereka, ndi British ndi Red Army. Wachiwiriyu adapititsa ndalama zambiri. Mapangidwe osiyana kwambiri ndi dongosolo la zida za makina oyambirira. Mmene mipangidwe yamagetsi ndi kuyimikirako zinakhalirabe chimodzimodzi, monga momwe zinaliri pankhondo kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke. Mwinamwake iyo inali tank yabwino kwambiri ya America.

Chitsulocho chinakopedwa kwathunthu ku M3. Komabe, kupatulapo mitundu yoyambirira, ma pods anaimitsidwabe osinthidwa: motero, odzolawo ankakonzedwa kuchokera kumbuyo. Makinawa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kutsekemera komanso / kapena kuponyera. Mbali yapadera inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku dothi loponyedwa ndi kuponyera ziwalo zowatchera, ndipo mfuti ya 75 mm yonyamulira inayikidwa mu nsanja, yopangidwa ndi kuponyedwa.

Choyamba, matanki awa a ku America (chithunzi pamwambapa) anali ndi injini za Continental ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, koma zinadyedwa ndi makampani opanga ndege, kotero anthu a ku America ankafunika kuyang'ana mitundu ina ya injini. Zotsatira zake, chiwerengero cha kusintha kwakukulu kunakula kwambiri. M4 "Sherman" amafuna gulu la asanu. Pakati pa anyani a m'nyanja omwe adagonjetsa "galimoto yachilendo" iyi, thankiyo inalandira ndemanga zabwino.

Anthu otchedwa Tankmen, makamaka, ankakonda kukongoletsa mkati ndi katundu wa mankhwala (komanso whiskey ndi ndudu zabwino), zomwe zinadzaza m'galimoto ngati mphatso. Miyoyo yambiri idasungidwa ndi zida zowonongeka, zomwe (mosiyana ndi T-34) sizinathenso ngakhale zitalowa, motero zimateteza asilikali ku mabala.

Mabanki akuluakulu

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, akatswiri ambiri a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti mabanki a ku America analibe mphamvu. Momwemo "Pershing", yomwe inkatengedwa ngati thanki yaikulu, misala inali yochepa kwambiri kwa "Tiger" ya Chijeremani. Komabe, tinali ndi vuto lomweli. Chodziwitso ndi chophweka - zida za Wehrmacht zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachidule, ndipo ife ndi Amereka - ndi misala yake.

M6 Tank

Nkhaniyi inali yochepa pa mndandanda wazing'ono mu 1941 ndi 1942. Nthawi yomweyo mfuti ziwiri zinali muutumiki: 76.2 mm ndi 37 mm mazana anagwirizana. Kuphatikiza apo, anali ndi zida zankhondo zitatu zazikulu. Pa chisiki, magulu anayi a timagulu timene timagwiritsa ntchito panthawi imodzi.

Panali kusintha katatu, koyamba thupi linapangidwa ndi kuponyera, koma kenako linasintha ndi kutsekemera kwapamwamba, zomwe sizinafanane ndi akasinja onse a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Magalimoto a ku America pankhaniyi anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa magalimoto apanyumba.

Kupititsa mphamvu kwa mitundu yonse ya hydromechanical ndi magetsi kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nsanjayi inapangidwa ndi kuponyedwa. Pofuna kuti pakhale mfuti yovuta kwambiri komanso yosasunthika, kumbuyo kwa nsanjayo kunali kofunika kwambiri. Anapatsidwa chida cha mkulu wa asilikali, komanso phiri lokonzera mfuti yotsutsa ndege.

Kwa zokambazo, wailesi yapamwamba yapamwamba komanso intercom yapakati adagwiritsidwa ntchito, adalengedwa paokha. Kawirikawiri, mapangidwewo sanawathandize: zida za tanki imeneyi zinali zofooka, zida zinali zoonda, ndipo kutalika kunali kwakukulu. Ndichifukwa chake magulu 40 okha a zipangizo zatsopano zinapangidwa, ndipo M26 amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "makina olemera".

Tank M26 "Kulimbikira"

Mabanki awa a ku America a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse adatengedwa mu 1944. Poyambirira anali a kalasi ya matanki olemera (m'zinthu zonse kutayika njira ya German ya kalasiyi), koma chifukwa cha zida zankhondo zopanda mphamvu zatsala pang'ono "kutayidwa" pakati. Iwo anali ndi unyinji wa matani 41.5. Thupi la welded, linasonkhana kuchokera kumalo omalizidwa ndi mbali. Pansi pansi paliponse. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi imapangidwa ndi kuponyedwa, ili ndi malo otsika a malo. Nsanjayi ili ndi mawonekedwe aatali, okwera ndi oyendetsa ndege ndi antiing "Browning" ndege.

Ponena za kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kanyumba, kutsekedwa kwapadera kwapachikapulo ndi magalasi asanu ndi limodzi. Anali magalimoto oyendetsa omwe matanki ankalemekezeka kwambiri, chifukwa anali odalirika kwambiri. Engine - petroli eyiti-cylinder "Ford", yotchedwa mtundu wa GAF-V. Kutentha madzi, kufalitsa - hydromechanical. Anapereka sitimayo ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba komanso kuyenda bwino.

Chida chachikulu ndi mfuti ya 90 mm M3, kuchokera pamene zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zankhondo zinachoka pa liwiro la 810 m / s. Kuphatikizanso apo, iwo anali ndi zida za mfuti 7.62 mm, imodzi mwa iyo inali yowonongeka, yokhala ndi mfuti. Mfuti yosakaniza ndege ya 12.7 mm inayikidwa pa nsanja. Anali ndi quadrant-goniometer, yomwe inapangitsa kuti aziwombera molondola kuchokera ku malo otsekedwa. M26 anali ndi nthawi yochita nawo gawo lomaliza la nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Pafupifupi magalimoto a hafu ndi theka zikwi zinapangidwa.

Zochitika zamakono

Matanki amasiku ano America alibe zofanana ndi awo oyambirira. Zimene akatswiri a ku Germany ankachita zinakula kwambiri. Masiku ano "Abrams" ali ndi mbiri yabwino, zida zambiri komanso malo ambirimbiri a zabornevogo. Mosiyana ndi matanthwe a Dziko Lachiwiri, liri ndi mitundu yambiri yopanda malire ndi zida zamphamvu, zomwe maziko ake ndi 120 mm rifled cannon. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa oyambirirawo ndiko kuyimitsidwa kwapamwamba ndi injini yamagetsi injini.

Motero, matanthwe amakono a America ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi oyambirira awo.