Zojambula "Matryona" - nkhani ndi mfundo

Mu December 1961, A. I. Solzhenitsyn anayambitsa mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini "New World" nkhani Tvardovsky chachiwiri (kwa review). Iwo ankatchedwa "Osati ofunika m'mudzi popanda munthu wolungama," koma pasanapite nthawi anadzatchedwa "Matryona". Vuto osati okhutira mankhwala, komanso m'dzina munali "achipembedzo akuti". Sindikizani nkhaniyi okha patapita chaka - mu January Nsanja ya 1963 Ambiri kuwerenga mu USSR zolembalemba magazini.

Chiwembu cha nkhani

Ngakhale wotchedwa m'firiji pamtunda. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, malo ena anali mamiliyoni ambiri mwa akaidiwo aposachedwapa a m'misasa ndipo akapolowo Stalin anasiya malo ndi chisanu katundu kapena chipululu nyengo ndipo anachira gawo la European Union - osati m'mizinda ikuluikulu (hakhatawiriswa kumeneko), ndi m'midzi ndi m'matauni a gulu pakati. Pano, pakati pa mokoma kaphokoso masamba a nkhalango, pafupi chete mitsinje, dolgostradaltsam ankaona zabwino ndi momasuka. Komabe moyo, ngakhale m'madera izi sizinali zophweka. Pofuna kupeza ntchito sizinali zophweka, ngakhale mosavuta kuposa posachedwapa, pamene ngakhale wilibala mkaidi kuti sanali kuwakhulupirira. zinthu izi maganizo ndi owerenga, pa chifukwa cha owerenga ndi. Anaganiza pakufunika kwa zinthu osavuta, kutanthauza kuti kugwira ntchito mphunzitsi masamu kumidzi kusukulu, kupeza malo okhala. Ichi chinali wake "ntchito yaikulu ndipo zafotokozedwa." Mu Matryona anamutengera womdziwa wamba, wogulitsa pa siteshoni ndi mkaka. Zosankha zina si anasandukadi mpando kanthu anali yekha mkazi wachikulire. Dzinache akhali Matryona. Ndipo anatenga womdziwa awo.

penshioni

Choncho anapita mu 1956, dziko lasintha kwambiri, koma moyo munda anakhalabe osauka. Mbali zambiri wamba moyo pambuyo Stalin nyengo amangotchula anayatsa dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich mu nkhani "Matryona". Vuto la wowerenga wake landlady ano zingaoneke zazing'ono, koma kumayambiriro zaka Khrushchev naima pamaso m'mudzimo ambiri dziko lalikulu. Kolkhoz penshioni - yaumphawi, vosmidesyatirublevaya (8 rubles latsopano, pambuyo kusintha.) - ndipo si anadalira mkazi moona ottrudivsheysya moyo. Iye anapita pa nthawi kusonkhanitsa ena satifiketi ndalama mwamuna womwalirayo akakumana ndi zonse opusa callousness ndiponso oipa malamulo mphwayi, ndipo pamapeto, anapanga wake. Iye anaika penshioni, ndi kutenga nkhani ndalama zina kwa mphunzitsi kvartirovanie (Ignatyitch, m'malo amene nkhani ikunenedwa), izo atuluka apindulira pa mfundo kumidzi, kukula yaikulu - (. Pambuyo 1961 18 rubles) monga mmene rubles zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu - "kufa Sikuti ".

Ndipo galimoto peat ...

peat

Inde, mtundu wa mafuta amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Kutentha m'madera nyengo m'madambo. Zikuoneka kuti akhale zokwanira aliyense, koma mu zenizeni amphamvu a magulu a Soviet ndinamverera kuchepa kwa chirichonse chimene chinali zofunika anthu. Zimenezi makamaka anasunga m'nyengo Soviet. Mkulu Field ya mkate zophikidwa, mankhwala si anagulitsa, iwo onse anali kuti angakokere mu matumba ku malo oyandikana. Koma, kuwonjezera pa kupereka anthu edible, A. I. Solzhenitsyn limatiuza za mbali ina yofunika ya moyo wakumudzi mu "Matryona" nkhani. Kutentha gulu utsogoleri munda nkhani wakhala kwathunthu tinatengera kwa anthu a m'mudzimo, ndipo aganiza nokha, ndipo akanakhoza bwanji: kuba peat. Ignatich naively ankakhulupirira kuti galimoto mafuta - ziri kwambiri, kuti zitikwanira kwa dzinja lonse, koma makamaka chofunika katatu kwambiri. Peat anakokera pa akazi onse a m'mudzi - ndi pangozi wagwidwa, kubisala kubedwa kwa tcheyamani kuti chikondi kwanu, kumene, kusamalira.

moyo

Matrona nyumba anali wokwanira, kamodzi anyonga, koma nthawi ndi kupanda manja wamwamuna amene anabwera ku dziko dilapidated. Mbiri ya chuma unalembedwa ngakhale pamaso zitasintha. mbuye anali atakwatiwa, ndinkakhala kuno kwa nthawi yaitali, anabereka ana asanu ndi limodzi, palibe amene anapulumuka. Matrona mphwanga analeredwa monga mwana wake wamkazi, kumutenga iye kuchokera banja lalikulu la m'bale wa mwamuna wake. Panali backstory: kukhala Mkwatibwi, iye anali pafupi kupita Thaddeus, panopo "divirya" koma sizinatero. Ankakhalako mu chosowacho German, ndipo iye sanayembekezere, anakwatira m'bale wake. Thaddeus kenako anasonyeza mmwamba, anali wokwiya kwambiri, koma wakhala Matrona ndi Efim.

katundu ufulu akhala chifukwa cha nkhondo pakati pa abale kusankha momwe iwo adzasangalala Matryona. Mavuto ndi kutsutsana ntchito ndi olowa m'tsogolo, sakadakhoza zotsutsana ambiri ndipo mwachinsinsi unatsogolera ku imfa mkazi.

Moyo ndi kusungulumwa

Mudzi - m'dziko wapadera, komwe ufulu wa malamulo awo osalembedwa. Matrona ambiri amaona opusa. Si banja kuzilandira pafupifupi onse. Lendi mavuto nkhani za ntchito "Matryona" fanizo losonyeza kupanda ng'ombe ndi nkhumba, popanda zomwe m'mudzimo akhoza sayenera kuchita. Kudzudzulidwa pa izo, ngakhale zikuoneka, ena amene amaonetsetsa kuti ngati kopanda wazaka zapakati mkazi wamoyo? Tamarayo n'zomveka ndithu akufotokoza chifukwa chosasamala izi. Mkaka amapereka ake mbuzi zimene ndikawapempha chakudya zochepa kwambiri (si anangomwetulira chiyembekezo kudyetsa m'busa, ndipo thanzi osauka). Zamoyo mu mbewa dzina lake, mphemvu olumala mphaka eya, limene pali zambiri - ndicho lonse "Matryona". senile kusungulumwa vuto anali, ali ndipo adzakhala.

chilungamo

Tsopano m'pofunika kukumbukira dzina la buku loyambirira la nkhani. Kodi munthu wolungama, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani mfundo Orthodox ndi ntchito wamba ambiri wamba ali pa umphawi, kusungulumwa ndi chosiyana mamiliyoni ambiri akazi monga ake onse pa Soviet Union? N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero kwa ena? N'zosadabwitsa kuti dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich ankafuna kuti ntchito yake bwino? ndi mavuto mu nkhani "Matryona" wakweza chiyani?

chakuti Marya ali yofunika anthu khalidwe. Iye sanali akukana kuthandiza ena, popanda kupanga kusiyana pakati pa "zabwino" ndipo zina "zoipa." Iye anadza mkazi predsedateleva, dona n'kofunika, ndi aplomb chofunika (osati anapempha) kupita ku ntchito, "kuthandiza famu." Iye sanali ngakhale moni amatithandiza kuti Kulemekeza zida muyenera kuchita. Wodwalayo mayi wachikulire ndipo akufuna ngati zongosiya, koma ndiye ankadzifunsa kuti nthawi kubwera. Monga anansi, ndiye, ndipo safuna kupempha Matrona - ndi wokonzeka kuimika, ngakhale kuganizira mofatsa pa utumiki gawo ndi kukana mphotho chuma, ngakhale izo zikanakhala Mulimonsemo sizimapweteka. Ignatich asanamvepo ku kutsutsika ake a munthu wina kanthu, mwiniwake konse gossips.

imfa ya Matrona

The wowopsa "nyumba vuto" kwenikweni zofunkha wathu, ambiri, anthu abwino. Ndipo ntchito za anthu otchulidwa kuvutika chifukwa vutoli. Mu nkhani ya "Matryona" Thaddeus Solzhenitsyn lakale iye anakhala wolankhulira wa dyera wotukuka ndi mogulitsa kwambiri. Iye sangakhoze kudikira kuti gawo la cholowa anapatsa, ndipo pakali pano. Ndi kumanga nkhani nkhalango: kutambasuka kwa mkazi wakale sanasowe, iye akufuna kutenga kuwasiyanitsa ndi kusuntha kwa iye. Payokha, kuti chikhumbo chilichonse cholakwika si anasonyeza, koma Nkofunika kudziwa apa kuti Thaddeus ankadziwa kuti Matrona sakanakhoza kukana. The zinatchulidwa nkhani "Matryona" alipo m'deralo, kaya ndalama zambiri. Kuumira ndi changu ku mapeto, kuyambitsa ngozi. Lumikiza lomwa aŵiri ndi zomangira kudula pa njanji kuwoloka, madalaivala sitima osaganizira, ndipo anakumana ndi thirakitara. Anthu akufa, kuphatikizapo Matrona, amene anatenga zonse kuthandiza.

Miyambo achikumbutso

Zochenjera kuwerenga maganizo, Izitu n'zovutitsa ndipo ngakhale louma nthabwala alipo kutsanzikana poyera ndi mbali yaikulu ya nkhani "Matryona". Mavuto ndi kutsutsana ndi encrypted mu kubuma maliro, ndi maliro, makhalidwe osiyanasiyana decoded ndi angalongosolere cholinga chawo chenicheni. owerenga sangathe kudzithandiza kukhala manyazi pa bokosi ziri wosemedwa Matrona, akazi pa moyo wa zabwino ndi osalakwa, kusesa kotero chipangizo ndi intriganskie zambiri umayenda. Komabe, ndi anthu amene amakonda womwalirayo, nadzalira moona mtima. Thaddeus azungu ndi otanganidwa: iye Zinkafunikiradi kubweretsa chuma mpaka unali utapita ndipo "zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto", kuchititsa anadzuka, amene, monga kawirikawiri, anamaliza pafupifupi tisangalale phwando. Zonsezi malo loyamba limasonyeza mavuto abwino.

Mu nkhani "Matryona", monga mwa ntchito zina A. I. Solzhenitsyna, wolemba kuphatikiza atapita ku zachabechabe, kudzikonda kutumikira mtima moyo ndi chikhulupiriro mu chabe chiyambi chabwino.