Zonse polyhedra m'chilengedwe

Kodi chingachitike n'chiyani ngati panali mtundu umodzi wokha wa mawonekedwe, monga mawonekedwe, monga rectangle mu dziko? Ena zinthu sizinasinthe pa zitseko zonse, nyumba katundu, minda mpira - iwo onse amaoneka mofanana. Koma nanga doorknobs chiyani? Iwo adzakhala pang'ono zachilendo. A galimoto gudumu? Zingakhale inefficient. Ndipo mpira? N'zovuta n'komwe. Mwamwayi, dziko ladzala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Kodi pali nthawi zonse polyhedra m'chilengedwe? Inde, ambiri a iwo.

Kodi polygon?

Kuti chithunzi anali polygon ndi zimafuna zinthu zina. Choyamba, payenera kukhala mbali zambiri ndipo kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino. Komanso, ayenera kukhala chatsekedwa mawonekedwe. A polygon zonse ndi chithunzi ndi mbali zonse ofanana ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino. Choncho, mu cholakwika iwo akhoza pang'ono kupotoka.

Mitundu ya polygons zonse

ndi mlingo wa mbali angathe kukhala polygon zonse zimene? mzere wina akhoza kukhala kwambiri maphwando. Mbali ziwiri simungakhoze kukumana ndi kupanga nkhungu chatsekedwa. A zipani zitatu mungathe - monga kansalu a. Ndipo popeza tikulankhula za polygon zonse pamene mbali zonse ndipo kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ndi ofanana, ife akunena za chinthu cha makona equilateral.

Ngati inu kuwonjezera mbali ina, inu mumatenga lalikulu. Kodi rectangle, mbali sali ofanana, kukhala polygon zonse? Ayi, chithunzi ichi adzatchedwa rectangle. Ngati inu kuwonjezera mbali chachisanu, inu mumatenga Pentagon. Choncho, pali hexagon, heptagon, octagons, ndi zina zotero malonda infinitum.

pulayimale masamu

Polygons mitundu yosiyanasiyana: lotseguka, anatseka ndi kudzikonda intersecting. The pulayimale Masamu polygon zili mosabisa, zomwe okha ndi unyolo amalire a zigawo molunjika mzere kupanga polygon chatsekedwa kapena mizere. zigawo izi ndi m'mbali kapena mbali ndi mfundo kumene konsekonse kukumana, - mfundo ndi ngodya. The gawo lamkati la polygon ndi limatchedwa thupi lake.

Polyhedra mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu

Pamene dongosolo pentagonal muli mitundu yambiri yamoyo, dziko mchere amakonda awiri, patatu, quadruple ndi zisanu ndi khola chosokonekera. The hexagon ndi mawonekedwe wandiweyani amene amathandiza pazipita structural ntchito. Sizachilendo m'munda wa mamolekyulu ndi timibulu imene mawonekedwe pentagonal pafupifupi sizidzachitikanso. Steroids mafuta m'thupi, benzene, mavitamini C ndi D, aspirin shuga, graphite - ndi kukhalapo kwa chofutukuka pasanu ndi kamodzi chosokonekera. Kodi m'chilengedwe pali polyhedra zonse? Wotchuka hexagonal zomangamanga analengedwa ndi njuchi, mavu ndi hornets.

Six madzi mamolekyulu kupanga maziko a lililonse galasi chisanu. Choncho likukhalira ndi snowflake. Mbali kuwuluka diso mawonekedwe mwamphamvu odzaza dongosolo hexagonal. ena polyhedra zina zonse m'chilengedwe chiyani? timibulu madzi, ndi diamondi, basalt mizati, maselo zaminyewa diso, maselo ena zomera, ndi zina zambiri. Choncho, polyhedra, mwa chirengedwe, zamoyo komanso zopanda moyo, alipo mu moyo wa munthu wambiri lalikulu ndi osiyanasiyana.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kutchuka hexagons?

Zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa, mamolekyulu organic, timibulu khwatsi ndi basalts columnar ndi hexagons. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chosokonekera awo mwachibadwa. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri ndi khungu, dongosolo hexagonal omwe amachepetsa kwa osachepera okhudza malo sangathe, kuyambira padziko lonse chimadyedwa efficiently kwambiri. Chifukwa kugawanitsa m'zipinda zofanana? Njuchi kulenga mwa chikhalidwe polyhedrons zonse kuti kupiphatisa zofuna zake zokha, kuphatikizapo kusunga uchi ndi dzira-kumangidwa. Chifukwa chikhalidwe wakonda hexagons? Yankho la funso limeneli awapatse masamu pulayimale.

• Triangles. Tengani 428 equilateral Triangles ndi mbali za 7,35 mm. kutalika okwana ndi 3 mamilimita * 7,35 * 428/2 = 47,2 cm.
• Rectangles. Tengani 428 mabwalo ndi mbali za 4.84 mm, ndi utali wonse ndi 4 mamita * 4.84 * 428/2 = 41.4 cm.
• Hexagons. Pomaliza, kutenga 428 hexagons ndi mbali ya 3 mm, kutalika okwana 6 * 3 mamilimita * 428/2 = 38.5 cm.

Zoonekeratu ndi kupambana hexagons. Ndi mawonekedwe kumathandiza kuchepetsa mpata pazipita ndipo walola dera ang'onoang'ono kuika zidutswa ambili. Cell imene njuchi kusunga Amber awo timadzi tokoma, zozizwitsa yolinganizika zomangamanga, mizere ya maselo prismatic ndi hexagonal-gawo mtanda wangwiro. Makoma sera anapangidwa kukumana makulidwe enieni kwambiri, maselo mokoma mtima wofunitsitsa kuteteza imfa ya uchi viscous, ndipo dongosolo lonse limagwirizana malinga ndi maginito a dziko lapansi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pamene njuchi akugwira ntchito mogwirizana.

Chifukwa hexagons? Izi ndi Masamu yosavuta

Ngati mukufuna pamodzi yofanana ndi mawonekedwe a khungu, kotero kuti adzaze ndege lonse, izo ntchito katatu kokha akalumikidzidwa wokhazikika (ndi maphwando onse ndi mbali yomweyo): Triangles equilateral, mabwalo ndi hexagons. A maselo amenewa hexagonal amafuna laling'ono okwana kutalika kwa mpanda poyerekeza Triangles kapena mabwalo a m'dera lomwelo.

Choncho kusankha njuchi hexagons n'zomveka. Mu wasayansi XVIII m'ma Charles Darwin ananena kuti hexagonal selo "wangwiro mwamtheradi kupulumutsa ntchito ndi phula." Iye ankakhulupirira kuti masoka kusankha anapatsa achibadwidwe njuchi sera kulenga maselo amenewa, omwe mwayi wopereka wochepa mphamvu ndi nthawi kuposa kulenga mitundu ina.

Zitsanzo za polyhedra m'chilengedwe

maso pawiri ena tizilombo ali odzaza mu hexagonal ndi m'mene mbali - mandala chikugwirizana ndi yaitali woonda retinal selo. nyumba ndi popangidwa ndi mikoko maselo kwachilengedwenso zambiri ndi akalumikidzidwa olamulidwa ndi chimodzimodzi malamulo monga thovu mu njira sopo. Kapangidwe tosaoneka ndi maso m'mphepete - chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino. Chilichonse chikupereka lili kuwundana kuwala tcheru anayi maselo, amene mawonekedwe omwewo monga m'bulu wa thovu anayi ochiritsira.

Kodi Mzimuyo malamulo a mafilimu sopo ndi mutsanulira mawonekedwe? Nature kofunika kwambiri chuma kuposa njuchi. Sopo thovu ndi mafilimu opangidwa kuchokera ku madzi (ndi Kuwonjezera wa sopo) ndi mavuto padziko atamukoka pamwamba madzi kuti kupereka danga ang'onoang'ono ngati n'kotheka. N'chifukwa chake madontho ndi ozungulira (kapena zochepa), pamene iwo ati agwere: dera ali padziko dera kakang'ono kuposa m'njira ina iliyonse ndi buku chomwecho. Pa waxy masamba madzi m'malovu achotsedwa mu mikanda yaing'ono pachifukwa chomwechi.

chitsanzo chake padziko mavuto kuwira Hiramu anatumiza ndi foams. Thovu adzayang'ana kwa dongosolo kuti ali otsika okwana mavuto padziko, amene adzapereka m'dera laling'ono kwambiri pa khoma. Ngakhale Masamu mafilimu sopo ndi malinga ndi mogwirizana kwa mphamvu mawotchi, zilibe amatiuza zimene adzakhala mawonekedwe a thovu. A thovu lililonse chikuphatikizapo polyhedral akalumikidzidwa selo ndi makulidwe. Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa, ndi polyhedra zonse mu chikhalidwe - osati kotero zolondola. m'mbali zawo kawirikawiri mwangwiro molunjika.

thovu zolondola

Tinene kuti mukhoza kupanga "changwiro" thovu, imene thovu onse ndi yofanana. mawonekedwe wangwiro wa khungu, zomwe zimachititsa wonse kuwira khoma malo aang'ono ngati nkotheka. Wakhala anakambirana kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali ankaganiza kuti maonekedwe abwino a khungu ndi polyhedron 14 amaganiza ndi lalikulu kapena mbali hexagonal.

ndalama zambiri, ngakhale zochepa analamula dongosolo, wopangidwa mwa gulu mobwerezabwereza a mitundu asanu ndi atatu a khungu anapeza mu 1993. Izi chitsanzo zovuta zambiri anali ntchito monga kudzoza kwa kamangidwe ka bwalo thovu kusambira pa Games Olympic 2008 ku Beijing.

Malamulo a mapangidwe maselo chithovu komanso kulamulira ena dongosolo anati maselo. Osati kokha yofunika ntchentche diso zikusonyeza chomwecho hexagonal wazolongedza mbali kuti lathyathyathya kuwira. The kuwala tcheru maselo mwa aliyense wa magalasi munthu ali unagwirizanitsanso gulu, amene kuwoneka monga ngati thovu sopo.

World polyhedra m'chilengedwe

Maselo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, zomera kuti zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana makoswe muli nyumba ngati tosaoneka. Palibe amene akudziwa chimene akuchita, koma iwo ali ambiri, ndi chilungamo kuganiza kuti iwo ndi ena ntchito zothandiza. Mwina amakhala limodzi kuchokera ndondomeko wina amuzolengedwa, kupewa mtanda kusokonezedwa.

Kapena mwina chabe njira yabwino kulenga lalikulu ntchito ndege, popeza kuti anthu ambiri njira amuzolengedwa zidzachitike pa pamwamba Kakhungu, kumene michere ndi tinthu ena yogwira akhoza kuwonjezekeredwa. Kaya ntchito ya polyhedra mu chikhalidwe, musavutike kulenga zovuta malangizo chibadwa, chifukwa malamulo a sayansi akuchitirani inu.

Ena agulugufe ndi masikelo mapiko munali ndi ndikuyenda mwadongosolo. zinthu cholimba otchedwa chitin. Ndinakumana ndi mafunde kuwala rebounding ku ranges mwachizolowezi ndi nyumba zina padziko mapiko, kumabweretsa chakuti ena adziwana dzulo (i.e., kautoto) kutha, pamene ena matanthauzo ikuthandizira. Choncho, dongosolo polygonal lili chida chabwino kwa kupanga mitundu nyama.

Kuti analamula zopezera mchere zovuta, ena zamoyo zikuoneka kupanga mawonekedwe a nembanemba zofewa kusintha, ndipo kenako analimbikitsa chuma olimba mkati mmodzi wa intaneti interpenetrating. Zisa Kapangidwe ka njira tosaoneka mu studs dzenje chitin zachilendo mphutsi m'madzi kudziwika monga nyanja mbewa, otembenuka chito izi Natural voloskopodobnye CHIKWANGWANI kuwala amene angatsogolere kuwala kusintha kwa wofiira bluish-wobiriwira malingana ndi kuyatsa malangizo. Izi kusintha mtundu angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mbuyo adani.

chikhalidwe amadziwa bwino

Flora ndi zinyama zochuluka zitsanzo za polyhedra mu chilengedwe, monga dziko zopanda moyo miyala ndi mchere. Kuyambira mfundo mwangwiro zinachokera view, kapangidwe hexagonal ndi mtsogoleri mu mphamvu kukhathamiritsa. Kuwonjezera ubwino zoonekeratu (danga ndalama), grids polyhedral kupereka ambiri nkhope, chotero kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha anthu oyandikana kuti mopindulitsa amakhudza dongosolo lonse. Mapeto a izi kuti mudziwe za imafalira msanga. Chifukwa chabwino ndi choipa hexagonal nyenyezi woboola pakati polyhedra m'chilengedwe zimachitika kawirikawiri? Mwina lofunikira. Nature amadziwa bwino, iye amadziwa bwino.