Kodi gudumu kupota: mitundu, malangizo ndi mayankho. Matabwa kupota gudumu ndi njinga: malongosoledwe, specifications ndi ndemanga

Popanda gudumu kupota kunali kosatheka kuyerekezera nyumba kapena msungwana, mtsikana ndi mkazi. Today achinyamata mwina mukudziwa chimene gudumu kupota konse. Kuti iye anayang'ana ndipo mmene iye ntchito - ngakhale ofunika kufunsa. Koma anapatsidwa malo mu miyoyo ya anthu anatenga chipangizo ichi kale, sitingathe kuyiwala za izo pamene chinachake n'kofunika, chida.

Kodi gudumu kupota?

Dzina la item ndi zovuta kumvetsa kuti gudumu kupota - ndi chipangizo kwa kupota. Maonekedwe ndodo yokulungako ulusi zikusintha - ngati poyamba anali awiriwiri perpendicular ndi bungwelo, koma lero ndi limagwirira zovuta kuti umabala thonje la osiyanasiyana makulidwe ndi khalidwe. Kuwonjezera ntchito zake mwachindunji, gudumu kupota anali membala malodza zosiyanasiyana ndi zikhulupiriro, palibe m'modzi, olemera, nyumba sakanakhoza kulingalira popanda chipangizo ichi.

mawilo kupota Kale

Kale kalelo, anthu ankadziwa kuti woteroyo gudumu kupota. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi nthano monga zomwe m'mapaki imafika, kapena kuphwanya ulusi moyo. Ndipo iwo akuchita ulusi izi ziri pa iwo, pa gudumu kupota. Kupota ankaona woyang'anira woyera wa Athena.

Asilavo ndodo yokulungako ulusi

Mu Russia, akale kupota gudumu ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Ntchito zinali mwangwiro wamkazi, munthu akanakhoza kokha kupereka chida cha ntchito yokha. Ndi mapeto a nthawi yokolola ndi spinner Lenti anakhala masiku ndi zambiri usiku mu makina. Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti kupota gudumu pa wina ndi mzake sanali ofanana. Kani, dongosolo kamodzi chimodzi, koma ndodo yokulungako ulusi Anaikongoletsanso zinali zosiyana.

Kumene, poyamba ntchito matabwa yekha kupota gudumu - kupanga lija m'kupita kwa mapulo, basswood, Aspen ndi birch. Zokongoletsa ndi wapadera - makamaka woodcarving.

mawilo kupota mu chikhalidwe

Old kupota gudumu zinali zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa makolo athu, chifukwa iwo sanali amangothandiza kulenga zovala ndi njira yopezera zofunika, komanso ankagwira ntchito yotamandika mu chikhalidwe.

kupota ake gudumu omwe iliyonse mtsikana. Iye analandira wake akangobadwa ndipo kokha anasintha anakwatiwa. Ndipo kudula mwana umbilical chingwe anali pa ndodo yokulungako ulusi, kapena spindle. Pa ubatizo wa mtsikana godmother anadutsa chipangizo ichi. Ngakhale akugona mtsikana ndi gudumu kupota - anawaika mu chikuku chamwana mwanayo.

Kwenikweni ake, zinali chida cha yobereka kungakhale sudzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense, ngakhale ntchito osakhalitsa: molingana ndi zikhulupiriro, mu nkhani iyi, ndithudi anali kuyambitsa moto kapena kuphedwa njuchi zonse. M'madera kumpoto kwa dziko kuti ankakhulupirira kuti ngati mnyamata analemba dzina lake pa ndodo yokulungako ulusi mtsikana, ntchito yake - kumsemba. Pa ukwati Mulimonsemo, mkwati anapangidwa ndodo yokulungako ulusi. manja ake anali kupanga munthu mphatso, zokongoletsa ngati zabwino mmene angathere.

Zima anali kwathunthu wodzipereka kwa kupota, kupatulapo Khirisimasi. Tsiku ntchito yomaliza spinners anali mapeto a Carnival. Pa tsiku limeneli anaganiza kukwera pa bottoms mwa phiri. Iye akhapidziwa kutalika kwa nsalu mu chaka chikubwerachi kudzadalira momwe wokwera imanyamuka. Ngati ena skiers anali ndi imprudence kuguluka gudumu kupota, ozungulira imfa ake amene akuyembekezeka pamaso latsopano nyengo kupota. Pa Khirisimasi ndi Khirisimasi nthawi zida zonse kupota kubisala mu attics ndi m'zipinda kuteteza zokumana ndi mizimu mwina zida kumulavulira lokutidwa.

Mu Serbia, anatengedwa pa Khirisimasi, pamene kuyendera nyumba nyama, sapota ndi ubweya pang'ono ng'ombe anali opanda malaya a. Slavonia anthu ankakhulupirira kuti mlendo woyamba kukhala pang'ono kuti sapota chaka kuti anali kuberekana kwa fulakesi ndi kuti nkhuku si zinatha. Komanso, mkazi wamng'ono wa tsiku loyamba mu akuonera yatsopano anawomba nsalu pa makina atsopano, chifukwa ankaganiza kuti amalonjeza moyo olemera.

Mu zikhalidwe zonse, kumene ankadziwika kuti gudumu kupota, panali zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri wapadera, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro kugwirizana ndi chinthu ichi. Koma anthu onse anali ogwirizana chinthu chimodzi: gudumu kupota - osati njira ndalama, komanso mtetezi mbuye wake. Mwachitsanzo, mu Bulgaria, ngakhale kupita ku munda wa ntchito akazi natenga pamodzi nawo chida ichi. nthawi zambiri anawomba nsalu ngakhale panjira, ngati wozungulira anali yachuluka kwambiri. Kuchitira ana kuti usiku kulira atsikana pansi pa chikuku chamwana zobisika kupota gudumu. Kusowa tulo opulumutsidwa onse - neohodimo anali n'kudziphatika ndi kupota gudumu chingwe chabwazi ndi Matica, kuti mawu wapadera. Ngakhale nkhuku kuseŵera opulumutsidwa ndodo yokulungako ulusi - anayenera kuponyera nkhuku.

mitundu mawilo kupota

Ngakhale kuti aliyense anali wapadera, izo yonse ya magudumu kupota sanali kwambiri. Woyambirira dzanja mwachizolowezi, anaonekera mu Roma. Pambuyo anaonekera zambiri mofulumira kupota-gudumu. Chifukwa iye sanapereke mwayi kuchita ndi manja onse, izo zili ndi treadle a. Choncho panali gudumu phazi kupota. Chabwino, patapita nthawi yaitali, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi Kubwera kwa magetsi, iwo unalengedwa elektropryalka. Komabe, ndi bwino mfundo iliyonse mtundu payokha.

Manual

Kotero, ili gudumu kupota anaonekera mu Roma, kuchotsa spindle ochiritsira ndi ochepa thonje pa mawondo ake. Pamenepo yojambula, kuchepetsa zovuta komanso ofoola ntchito wamkazi.

Mpheroyi ziri matabwa awiri amagwira pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ufulu wina ndi mnzake. Mbali imodzi ya spinner ya adzakhala pamwamba pa thonje chachiwiri ananamizira. Part anaikira wakhala akhacemerwa Donets. Ofukula monga gawo inkakhala ndi khosi ndi fosholo. Chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli, ku mbali yaikulu, izo zimaphulika (monga gawo lapadera kwambiri chida).

kupota-gudumu

Sangathenso - kupota gudumu matabwa gudumu - anaonekera mu India. Pang'onopang'ono, dziko lino amagulitsidwa padziko lonse, moyo mosavuta chifukwa spinners.

kamangidwe ka wake wosavuta koma luso: yamphamvu, mmene spindle ndi horizontally anaika, waikidwa pa bolodi. Dzanja kupota magudumu, omwe chifukwa lamba, amatembenuza spindle. Kumanzere dzanja spinner akukamba CHIKWANGWANI ku mapeto kwake spindle, pamene lamanja akutembenukira gudumu. Nkomwe imange "limakula" kwa kutalika kwa mkono, ndi chilonda pa spindle ndi ndondomeko akupitiriza. Liwiro kupota mkubwela kwa makina onga chawonjezeka kwambiri. Mu Russia, makina amenewa anawagawa Russian (mawilo anakonza perpendicular pansi) ndi Chukhonka zimene gudumu ndi pa cham'mbali.

Pamene m'zaka 15 okonzeka ndi Flyers kupota gudumu, palibe kuti azipumira mphepo thonje pa spindle - izo zimachitika chabe.

phazi

M'zaka za m'ma 19 kwambiri kuchuluka kufunika kwa zingwe zopota za. The zotheka nambala yaikulu ya thonje. Pachifukwa ichi, kupota gudumu matabwa gudumu chimene chili chofunika kuti atembenuza dzanja limodzi, akulephera kukwaniritsa ogula. Mwamwayi, panali amisiri amene akhoza priladit izi mamangidwe ngo kuti amalola kuti atembenuza miyendo gudumu. manja onse angathe kuchita ndi thonje, amene kwambiri kufulumizitsa ntchito. The zina za mfundo opaleshoni akanali yemweyo: ndi chingwe chabwazi akadali ananamizira ndi rung pamwamba pa zimayambira, ndi spindle ndi zimayenda ndi kupotoza gudumu, anamaliza thonje ndi chilonda pa Flyer zaikidwa kumapeto ufulu wa spindle - izo zinali otsiriza makina kupota gudumu.

magetsi

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mkubwela kwa magetsi mfundo kapangidwe sanasinthe. Inde, kupota gudumu magetsi zikuoneka si kukumbutsa aliyense wa akapolo anzawo akale. Komabe, chida chimodzi, ndi zinthu zofanana. Monga lero, mu m'badwo wa Minimalism, amaoneka osiyana pang'ono.

Unit waukulu gudumu latsopano kupota anakhala mbawala yamphongo. Amakhala ndi olamulira amene m'malo spindle, Flyer, pulleys ndi koyilo. Kumvetsa mmene makina ntchito, n'kosavuta. Zamagetsi pulley amayendetsa ndi spindle-olamulira, pa mapeto a amene ali mbedza ndi Flyer. Komanso, koyilo ndi zokuzira pa chitsulo chogwira matayala lapansi. Komanso imazungulira pa pulley, koma kwa mzake. yomanga zonsezi lotengeka ndi galimoto magetsi. Only pano koyilo awiri pulley pagalimoto zochepa, mbali yomweyo zimene zimayenda spindle. Ichi chizathandiza chokulungira kuti sapota mofulumira kuposa Flyer ndi spindle.

Kodi n'chiyani chikuchitikira ulusi umene yodzaza mu gudumu kupota? Tiyerekeze kuti CHIKWANGWANI mtolo wa nkhosa kale ong'ambika. Tsopano mwadya ulusi izi kudzera mbedza, ndiye muyenera kutaya Flyer ngowe ndi kumangirako koyilo lapansi. Kuyambira kugwira ntchito sangathenso gudumu kuti kupotokola CHIKWANGWANI mtolo mu ulusi. Popeza koyilo limafulatira mwamsanga, iyo imakoka ndi imakoka ulusi. ntchito A Wakoka CHIKWANGWANI yunifolomu.

kusankha

Kugula gudumu kupota lero ndi yosavuta. Koma ambiri amafuna, monga kale, kuchita nokha. N'zotheka ndithu, chifukwa ili ndi mamangidwe kupota gudumu lophweka. Palibe ngakhale kofunika kuti lathe ntchito. N'zotheka yoperekera makulidwe osiyanasiyana plywood kapena textolite. Mwa ichi Pakufunika zitsulo chitoliro, mipiringidzo awiri a mumamera kapena birch, misomali ndi zomangira ndi epoxy zomatira. Koma amayenerabe pepala wandiweyani. Komanso, muyenera kupeza kuchokera magetsi galimoto za makina osokera zofanana. Makamaka, galimoto wakhala kusonkhanitsa. Ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera masiwichi toggle awiri ndi rheostat, malamulo makope a. Kumene, mungachite popanda otsiriza, koma kuchepetsa chitonthozo cha makina.

Kodi anapanga gudumu kupota (msonkhano malangizo ndi malangizo pa munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu), lero ndi kophweka. Musanayambe ntchito yomanga, ayenera bwinobwino malangizo amenewa, kupenda mphamvu zanu ndi kuwathetsa m'pofunika kuchita kapena mosavuta monga kugula okonzeka zopangidwa gudumu kupota. Pogula, mukhoza kusankha ndi maonekedwe, ndipo specifications luso kuti zifunika mwachindunji zolinga zanu. Choncho, ngati palibe chidaliro mwa chilakolako kusonkhanitsa chida lokha, ndi bwino kuti tiziwononga nthawi.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi chilakolako ndi mphamvu, m'pofunika kuchita izo nokha, chifukwa, ngakhale ngati magetsi, kupota gudumu si atayika katundu amene modabwitsa zomwe kupereka izo mu masiku amakedzana. Ndipo ngakhale tsopano anthu ochepa kutenga nawo ntchito njira imeneyi, palibe mmodzi izo pansi pa bedi kulira mwana, koma zinthu zokhudzana a angapo omwe opangidwa ndi nsalu, momwemonso mwa makina dzanja zopangidwa, kubweretsa mwini wake si kophweka chikondi ndi chisangalalo, koma pang'ono matsenga.