Damped oscillation

njira Oscillatory anazungulira munthu kulikonse. chodabwitsa Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti, choyamba, mu chilengedwe, pali mapangidwe ambiri (thupi, mankhwala, organic, etc.), imene Phokoso zidzachitika, kuphatikizapo oscillations damped. Kachiwiri, zoona zake n'zakuti otizungulira pali yaikulu zosiyanasiyana machitidwe zokhala amene alipo kwambiri kumayambitsa njira oscillatory. Zimene zimachitika ali ponseponse, iwo zimaonetsa otaya ziliri pa mawaya, zochitika kuwala, yoweyula kafalitsidwe, ndi zambiri. Pomaliza, munthuyo, kapena m'malo thupi, ndi dongosolo zokhala amene amaperekedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusinthasintha - kugunda, kupuma, magazi, nthambi kuyenda.

Choncho, akuphunzira sayansi zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo interdisciplinary. Losavuta ndi choyambirira ku phunziro ili ndi ufulu Phokoso. Iwo yodziwika ndi kutopa wa mphamvu vibrational kwa mtima, kotero iwo potsiriza alimira chifukwa kusinthasintha amenewa anatsimikiza ndi mfundo oscillations damped.

Mu kachitidwe oscillatory mwachikulu amapezeka mphamvu imfa ndondomeko (mu kachitidwe makina - chifukwa cha mikangano mu magetsi - chifukwa kukhalapo kwa kukana magetsi). Ndicho chifukwa chake ngati oscillations damped sangathe wachinsinsi monga amgwirizano. Popeza mawu awa koyamba, tingathe kufotokoza mwamasamu anachokera Mwachitsanzo, zimango za damped oscillations chilinganizo chimaonetsera: F = - RV = -r dx / Deuteronomo. Mu dongosolo ili, R kukana koyefishienti, mtengo nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi kachitidwe, tinganene kuti mtengo wa mathamangidwe (V) kwa dongosolo mogwirizana ndi phindu kukana. Koma pamaso pa chizindikiro "-" zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu vekitala (F) ndi liwiro ndi zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana.

Kugwiritsa aone kuti pali chachiwiri Newton Chilamulo, ndi kutenga nkhani chikoka cha mphamvu kukana, anthu aone kuti pali amadziwika damped oscillation gulu ndondomeko zimatengera mtundu zotsatirazi: pamaso pa mphamvu kukana ali mawonekedwe: D ^ 2X / dt2 + 2β Deuteronomo / Deuteronomo + ω2 × = 0. Mu dongosolo ili β - damping koyefishienti, zimene zikusonyeza mlingo wa gawo ili la ndondomeko oscillatory.

Ndithu aone kuti pali ofanana akhoza zopezera wadera magetsi, kutenga nkhani ya damping ndipo anawonjezera kuti kumanzere kwa dontho la voteji kudutsa resistor Uri. Only mu nkhani iyi, ndi masiyanidwe aone kuti pali sunalembedwe kwa nthawi kuchepetsa (T), ndi mlandu capacitor Q (T); mikangano koyefishienti r Mukhoza m'malo mwa magetsi dera kukana R; 2 momwe β = R / L, kumene K - kukana dera, L - kutalika unyolo.

Ngati pa maziko a mitunduyi izi yomanga chintchito lolingana, mukhoza kuona kuti Zithunzi a oscillations damped ndi ofanana kwambiri zithunzi amgwirizano oscillations, koma matalikidwe a oscillations pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa exponentially.

Popeza chakuti oscillations angathe kuchitidwa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana oscillatory ndi zimachitika zosiyanasiyana mapangidwe, m'pofunika amatchula kuti, mtundu wa dongosolo tikambirana nkhani iliyonse. Ku chikhalidwe ichi zimadalira osati pa mbali yapadera ya njira oscillatory, koma pali zosiyana zotsatira - chikhalidwe cha oscillations anatsimikiza ndi dziko palokha ndipo gulu ake malo. Ife, mu nkhani iyi, chimodzi chimene katundu wa dongosolo kukhala zikutsatiridwa pa phunziro ndondomeko oscillatory. Mwachitsanzo, tingayerekezere kuti ndondomeko sasintha elasticity wa masika, mphamvu yokoka kuchita katundu ndi machitidwe magetsi kukhalabe chomwecho malinga ndi kulimbikira liwiro kapena mathamangitsidwe makhalidwe zokhala. Chotero machitidwe oscillatory amatchedwa liniya.