Zoterezi mawu achipongwe "plebeian" ... Ndi ndani kuti?

Mu Russian, mawu akuti "plebeian" wakhala bwino zoipa, kunyoza tanthauzo. Koma kodi oyenera kuwaona nokha? Kodi mawu akuti "plebeian" - lofanana ndi "malire", "gopota" kapena olembedwa kuti "ikhale pamphuno nkhumba ndi" Russian mawu (lomwe, monga ife tikudziwira, sangapite Kalashny chiwerengero)? Chabwino, inde ndi ayi. Pofuna kumvetsa mfundo lamavutoli, m'pofunika wofufuza mbiri ya Roma, ndi yeniyeni, pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa City Wamuyaya. Panalibe patricians ndi plebeians, akapolo ndi ambuye awo. Koma kale maonekedwe awo ena preconditions.

Mapeto a "m'badwo golide"

Pamene iye mmbulu nasamalidwa Romulus anakhazikitsa mzinda pa imodzi mwa mapiri a Rome ichi, iye anafotokoza malire ake kulima. Moyandikira ichi ndipo ndinaika anthu amene anawaitana nzika. mapangidwe Izi chikhalidwe nathawitsidwa ndi senators - amuna okhwima mwauzimu kuti yapamwamba pakati pa anthu. Iwo ankatchedwa senex - Senior kapena patres - Fathers. Kenako mawu amenewa anakhala "Senators" ndi "Patricia". inawo amatchedwa ndi ana ndi adzukulu a senators.

patapita zaka, anali Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira lenileni, amene anayambira kwambiri mwa mawu a moyo ndi chuma chawo cha anthu ena a ku Roma. Bwino ndi plebeian? Uyu sanali kugunda mwayi moyo pa phiri mkati bwalo anafotokoza Romulus. Iwo saona nzika analibe ufulu ntchito m'mayiko limodzi. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti iwo anali osauka. Ayi, panali pakati pawo amene anapambana pa moyo ndipo anali wokhoza kugula munda. Iwo akhoza kukhala osema ndi amalonda yaing'ono. Koma ufulu wa nzika, anthu awa analibe.

Kodi plebeians?

Chiwerengero cha Rome anakula wofunitsitsa osati chifukwa kukula achilengedwe. Iwo kudzadza kwa akapolo amene anabweretsa kuchokera ku misonkhano usilikali ngati zikho. Koma pali anali ochokera kwawo. Iwo anabwera ku Rome akafunefune moyo wabwino, zasungidwa, msika. Amenewa 'ambiri, "anthu zakwawoko a mzinda - mbadwa za makolo - unadziwika ngati" plebs "(kuchokera ku mawu Latin plere, kutanthauza" lembani ").

Poyamba, anthu ichi mlendo anakhala kunja kwa mpanda wa Rome, osati atetezedwa ku Adani zotheka. Koma kenaka analoledwa kusamukira ku malire a mzinda. Ndiye tanthawuzo la "plebeian" penapake anasintha. mau awa amatanthauza ufulu kalasi munthu ntchito zachuma osati ufulu ndale.

Plebeian - ndani izi?

Nzika za Roma kuchilemekeza Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. makalasi - ufulu ndi udindo wa mafuko akhala ntchito mwatsatanetsatane. Tumizani neporaboschennoe anthu - ndi plebeians - anagawanika pamodzi mizere yosiyanasiyana mu Latins, Etruscans ndi Sabines. Iwo amakhala ndi gawo wapakatikati pakati pa "Aroma" (ana ngakhale osauka, koma patricians) ndi akapolo amene analibe ufulu ndi ankapatsidwa ngati chinthu m'njira malamulo.

Izi chuma chawo si kwathunthu osangalala ndi oimira plebs, amene ankagwira ntchito pa ndime ndi nzika yausilikali, ndipo choteronso, mukufuna kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa mzinda, ndipo (kenako) Republic. Choncho, atumwi V-III BC anachita kulimbana oopsa kwa ufulu wa "malire". Ndipo Mapeto anali opambana. Ndi III. BC. e. ku funso lakuti: "plebeian - awa ndi ndani" - anatsatira yankho onyada: "A membala zonse za Roma Anthu." Pakuti m'gulu limeneli izo linathetsedwa ngongole ukapolo, iwo ndi mwayi udindo kusankha Bungwe la Magistracy Aakulu. plebeians olemera ndi patricians anakwana otchuka.

Yoyenera kuvota, kapena "Mkate ndi pamasewera!"

Poyamba, osauka a m'tawuni mwayi kusankha mu Bungwe la owayang'anira. akuluakulu anapanga thupi wapadera - pa chisankhocho. A mawu bwino, sichoncho? Mu 287 BC. e. Izi nzika latsopano zifunika - ndipo akwaniritsa bwino izo - kuti thupi la malamulo anakhala kuvomerezedwa kwa anthu onse Rome. Popeza anthu ambiri osauka ndi disenfranchised ndi kulemekezedwa. Ndipo anawathandiza kuti nzika yogwira.

Koma kenako, mu masiku a ufumuwo kuti aphwetse mkwiyo wa plebs ndi kumusokoneza pa mavuto, anthu olamulira a Roma anayamba kugawa chakudya kwa osauka a m'tawuni ndiponso kulinganiza zinthu zochititsa chidwi - omenyana nkhondo. Choncho kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, napita: Kusangalala mwa umafunika da mndandanda yakanema, komwe ubongo akulowa propaganda boma. Ndipo tsopano ndikuganiza: a plebeian - ndani izi?