A amafotokoza mwachidule za moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov

Today ife kukuuzani za Anton Chekhov - za moyo wake. Ndipo ntchito Chekhov a Adzaperekedwa m'nkhani ino. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi yonena yochepa, kenako longosolani chilichonse.

A amafotokoza mwachidule moyo ndi ntchito A. P. Chehova

• Anton Pavlovich Chehov anabadwa 17 (29) January 1860 ku Taganrog. Banja la makolo ake - Chehovy Pavel Georgievich (wamalonda) ndi Evgenia Yakovlevna.
• Zapakati pa 1876 ndi 1878 - nthawi imeneyi, choyamba zolembalemba zatsopano za wolemba.
• Kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Moscow, pa mphamvu ya Medicine unachitika mu 1879-1884, motero.
• Mu 1880 lofalitsidwa ntchito zoyamba za wolemba, komanso ntchito yawo ikuchitika azithunzithunzi magazini osiyanasiyana "Alamu wotchi", "Mapale," "Tombolombo".
• Mu 1890, Chekhov anapita ku chilumba cha Sakhalin.
• Iye anayamba kugwira ntchito mu chaka cha 1898 ndi Moscow Art Theatre, umene unachitikira pa nthawi yomweyo kuyamba wa kusewera "mbalameyi".
• Ol ukwati Olga Knipper - 1901.
• 1903-1904 gg. - sewerolo anali woyamba amene ankachitika pa Moscow Art Theatre pansi pa dzina la "The Cherry zipatso."
• Mu 1904, 2 (15) wa July, wolemba anafa Badenweiler, mu achisangalalo German.

Kotero, ife mwachidule pofotokoza moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov. Table, omwe chingapangidwe kuchokera ku amafotokoza izi, kudzakuthandizani bwino kuphunzira zambiri, ngati mukufuna kukumbukira masiku kiyi kugwirizana ndi munthu wa Anton Chekhov.

Ngati mufuna zambiri mozama chidziwitso cha mbiri ya, kungakuthandizeni ndondomeko mwachilungamo mwatsatanetsatane za moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov kuti tapanga ndi kupereka kwa tcheru chanu lero.

Pakhomo pa makolo ake

Chehov Anton Pavlovich anabadwa mu Taganrog. agogo ake anali serf ndi kubadwa, koma adagula iye ndi banja lake natumikira kenako woyang'anira chuma (ena mwa maonekedwe a fano lake zimaonekera khalidwe la Firs "The Cherry zipatso"). Atate Anton Pavlovich anali sitolo golosale, koma ankasiyana kulephera zochitika chuma, ndi kosathandiza. Mkhalidwe lake ogwirizana kwambiri: analipereka kwa ana luso talente (Paulo G. wabwino pa chojambula, komanso amakonda nyimbo, kuimba zeze, anakonda mpingo kuimba) ndi imperiousness ndi wopondereza ndi kulemekeza banja ndi ena. Chekhov, pokumbukira ubwana wake, analemba kuti Alexander, m'bale wake wamkulu mu 1883 kuti ubwana pomudyetsanso poizoni zoopsa. Banja despotism ndi chilango yapangidwa Chekhov kukana chiwawa ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo, kufuna ufulu, zinawathandiza kudziwa za kudzidalira.

Wodzilamulira mu moyo

Ndipo zilandiridwenso, ndi moyo wa Chekhov oyambirira linalandira ufulu. Mu banja lake, ana msanga linalandira ufulu. Ana anathandiza malonda, ku m'badwo woyambirira ntchito mu shopu. Anton Pavlovich kotero kuyambira ali wamng'ono atamizidwa chilengedwe banja: iye anayeretsa nyumba, anapita ku msika, yotengekatengeka madzi, nasamba yekha kolala kwa mawonekedwe, wodzazidwa ndi nyale palafini.

Koma mu moyo wake panali chinachake: zisudzo zoweta ndi skits kuti Chekhov yekha anatulukira ndipo ankaimba ndi abale ake, nsomba. Banjali linayamba kupanga mayi owala, amene anali wanzeru, wodzipereka ndi mtima mkazi.

Dziko la chikhalidwe mu moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov

Kuyambira ndili mwana, Anton Pavlovich anakonda zachilengedwe moti chizindikiro kwambiri moyo wake, kudzutsa ludzu kwa moyo. Ndipo ntchito Chekhov akuganizira izi. Mu nkhani yake tidzakomane malongosoledwe a steppe, ndi Taganrog Bay ( "steppe", "Pa Khirisimasi Night" ndi ena.). bwinobwino amadziwa mgwirizano ndi chikhalidwe cha wolemba moyo ndi wasonyeza mu ntchito ya kukopa kwake kwambiri moyo wa munthu. Ntchito Chekhov ya chikhalidwe waumunthu: nyama, maluwa, mitengo, amaganiza ndi kumva ngati anthu ( "Mantha", "White-fronted", "Kashtanka," "Agatha").

Maphunziro kusukulu

M'bale aakulu anakwanitsa kukakwera nthawi imene banja anali otetezeka: kunyumba kuyendera mphunzitsi wa ku France, kenako m'malo ndi Mme. Pakuti Nicholas, m'bale wa wolemba m'tsogolo, anaitanidwa monga mphunzitsi nyimbo.

Pamene Anton anakulira, banja vuto ndalama ali anakula, kotero iye anali kupeza maphunziro okhawo sekondale. chidwi chapadera kuphunzira sukulu ya galamala mu Chekhov Komabe, sanazichite. Bungweli anali lililonse nthawi imeneyo. Pa mukhoza kapena zochepa zolondola lingaliro la Chekhov ndi nkhani yochepa lotchedwa "The Munthu Mlanduwu ndi".

Kusekondale bwino limakhala sayansi, ndinali zakutali, ndi zipangizo zatsopano mu maofesi. Anton pa maphunziro a Chilamulo cha Mulungu anakhala amakonda mwana wa Pokrovskogo Fedora Platonovicha. Zinali zosangalatsa, zachilendo munthu amene anaona oyambirira tsogolo wolemba azithunzithunzi talente nampatsa dzina lakuti Chekhonte amene anali pambuyo Chekhov pseudonym. Motero, iye zinathandiza kwambiri moyo wake. Ndipo ntchito Chekhov inkayenda popanda nkhani ya umunthu chidwi. Anaposa mu mzimu uwu sukulu, makamaka yodziwika ndi zamawonekedwe ndi bureaucratism. Pa mapangidwe wauzimu wa wolemba m'tsogolo kwambiri ndi mabuku ndi zisudzo. Kutacha chikondi mwamsanga sewero: pa zaka 13, wolemba m'tsogolo kale mlendo zonse ku Taganrog zisudzo.

Kwa nyengo uli komanso khama lake loyamba zolembalemba, tsopano kudziwika yekha mayina amene analengedwa pamene Chekhov. Moyo ndi zilandiridwenso Mwachidule, nthawi imeneyi amalembedwa ndi zochitika zina zofunika. Zowona zenizeni mbiri taonera, monga za zinthu, onani zotsatirazi. Monga sukulu, iye anafalitsa magazini "Bunny", analemba sewero lanthabwala "Palibe zodabwitsa kuimba nkhuku" ndi "Anapeza kagawo diamondi," komanso sewero "Bambo".

Busting Chekhov banja

Mu 1876, bambo a Anton Pavlovich zinatha, anakakamizika ndi banja lake kupita ku Moscow. Anton ndekha ku Taganrog pa zaka 16, pamene anamaliza maphunziro ku sekondale. Iye adayamba kupeza kupereka pandekha, anathamangitsa ngakhale remittances banja. Zaka zovuta, moyo wonse kusungulumwa, mayesero komanso mavuto anapereka kwa kusasitsa oyambirira wolemba ngati Chekhov. Moyo ndi ntchito (mwachidule anafotokoza) zina nthawi amalembedwa zotsatirazi zochitika zofunika.

Chekhov - wophunzira wa Moscow State University

Atadutsa kuona komaliza mu 1879, Chekhov anapita ku Moscow. Apa iye anali analembetsa University Moscow, ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala. Pa njira yoyamba Chekhov anayamba kugwira ntchito magazini osiyanasiyana, kusindikizidwa. Mabanja pafupifupi ndiyekhayo amene ndalama anakhala zasungidwa wake zolembalemba. Chekhov anakhala mutu wa banja ndi athandizi ake.

Ntchito yoyamba lofalitsidwa

Choyamba lofalitsidwa ndi ntchito zake (parody) anatuluka mu magazini "Tombolombo". Czechs kusankha njira zolembalemba, kusindikizidwa onse Mitundu azithunzithunzi yoopsa. Komabe, ntchito oyambirira chimakhala chogwidwa ndi zakale. Pansi pseudonyms zosiyanasiyana (M'bale wa m'bale wanga, mwamuna wopanda ndulu ndi, Antosha Chehonte) ndi kusindikizidwa mu magazini azithunzithunzi "Mapale," "Tombolombo", "Alamu", "azionerera". The Mitundu yaikulu imene inali ndi atolankhani zoseketsa za nthawi, panali osiyana "zinthu zazing'ono" kuti zinalengedwa mwa malamulo ena: .. zoseketsa aphorisms, azithunzithunzi kalendala, Mau, anecdotes, otanthauzira, azithunzithunzi malonda, milozo, etc. Chekhov awo posachedwa katswiri ndipo anaona kuti anali pafupi ndi iwo.

nkhani Satirical ndi zoseketsa

Mu zaka 1882-1883 panali nkhani monga "Imfa kuti akuluakulu abomawo," "zowawitsa ndi zokoma", "Mwananga wa Albion." Ngakhale ambiri ntchito zinalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a zina zachidule, kuti Tinanyamuka azithunzithunzi nkhani ya azithunzithunzi amene ali kusamutsa kuyitana otchuka. Czechs anakweza mtundu wanyimbo kuti mlingo wa mabuku akuluakulu. Pakati pa mbali luso zochitika Chekhov ali zotsatirazi: dzina yosavuta, osachepera mfundo ndi mafotokozedwe ( "Burbot", "mlendo", "Thandizo", "Mu kusamba"), kuti mayina (Porcupine wosewera, General Zapupyrin zinyama Ochumelov, Khriukin mbuye) ndi oseketsa analankhula otchulidwa chinenero.

Nyimboyi latsopano mu ntchito za Chekhov

Ulusi kenako ntchito ziri kale mu loyamba la nkhani Chekhov akuti: wolemba amaseka absurdity wa khalidwe ndi maganizo a anthu, zonena zawo kanthu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ntchito chatsopano tonality. Iwo chimaposa ntchito za nthabwala akadali, koma iye afika ena mithunzi latsopano, phokoso watsopano - chachisoni, m'nyimbo. Iwo Tingaone kayendedwe chotonzedwa kwa kuwunika, ndipo pa zilembo oseketsa - ndi zotsutsana, ndi kobvuta. M'malo mwa zithunzi za anthu otchulidwa chigoba payekha. Mu nkhani zokhudza nthawi ya zaka 1883-1886 ( "matsenga", "phokoso", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), ndi kale kuonekera tsogolo Chekhov.

Kupanga nkhani Chekhov a

Popitiriza moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov. A chidule cha iwo mu nthawi kuchokera 1884 mpaka 1888 angaperekedwe motere. Mu 1884, pa akamaliza maphunziro a ku yunivesite, Chekhov ntchito mu Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. Iyenso ndi mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala Moscow, "makombo". Mu nthawi kuchokera 1884 mpaka 1888 anatulutsa ntchito zambiri - zoposa 350. nkhani Chekhov pa nthawi ino monga pachiyambi ndi chodabwitsa latsopano mabuku Russian. Chekhov mu mtundu wanyimbo laling'ono anakwanitsa akomere yaikulu maganizo, chikhalidwe ndi nzeru zaumunthu okhutira. N'zosadabwitsa capacious izo fomu iyi.

Maluwa luntha Anton Chekhov mu mtundu wanyimbo ya nkhani

Pakuti nthawi 1880-1890-ntchentche khalidwe mtundu anatsimikiza ndi chomaliza (pafupifupi wamba, nthawi zambiri "pang'ono" anthu). Chinthu fano limakhala wamba, tsiku ndi tsiku. nthawi ili ankaona heyday luntha Chekhov a. Kupanga zopereka latsopano. Mu 1886 - "Motley Nkhani" mu 1887 - "Innocent kulankhula" "Mu madzulo a", mu 1888 - "Nkhani" mu 1890 - ". Anthu wachisoni" Wolemba Pushkin Prize anali kupereka buku lotchedwa "Mu madzulo a". Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1887 iye analemba sewero lanthabwala "Ivanov", ndipo - vaudeville "Ufulu", "Ukwati", "maganizo" ndi "chimbalangondo", amene anaikidwa mu owonetsera akatswiri.

Chekhov imatumizidwa ku chilumba cha Sakhalin

A ulendo Sakhalin anasintha moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov. Mwachidule, longosolani momwe zochitika zazikulu za nthawi. Nanga pa chilumba chimenechi, Chekhov anapita kukhala pafupi ndi akaidi a. Apa iye miyezi itatu yekha kalembera analankhula kwa anthu osiyana. Chekhov, monga nzika ndi wojambula, waganiza aonetsere anthu choonadi nkhanza. Chifukwa cha ulendo - lofalitsidwa mu 1894 buku lakuti 'The Island wa Sakhalin ".

Ntchito olembedwa 90s ndi

Kenako, zochitika zenizeni zoweta, iye woyesedwa mwaukali kwambiri. Woyamba wa ntchito yaikulu olembedwa pambuyo ulendo unakhala nkhani wotchedwa "Duel" (lofalitsidwa mu 1891), komanso "Komiti №6" - nkhani, yomwe inafalitsidwa mu 1892.

Czechs mu zaka 90 analemba za zinyengo, Musanyengedwe, insolvency mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana moyo ( "Rothschild wa chitoliro", "chiwala," "Mphunzitsi Literature"). Panthawi imeneyi, monga nthano analengedwa ndi "Chikondi", "Gooseberries," "Munthu Mlanduwu ndi", "Ionich".

M'chaka cha 1892 wolemba anakakhala malo Melikhovo pafupi Moscow, kuchita zinthu lachifundo chikhalidwe, amachita alimi, masukulu nyumba, Medical Center. Chingasinthe moyo wake. Chekhov, moyo, amene ntchito zake inakula, kulenga pamaziko a zinachitikira ntchito "Mu chigwa", "New Villa", "pa ngolo", "Anyamata".

Wolemba wina Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

Kanali koyamba, amene anayamba Chekhovian dramaturgy - ndi "The mbalameyi." Iwo anali ankachitika mu zamasewero ku Alexandria mu 1896. Komabe, lingaliro sanali bwino. Chifukwa - sanamumvetsa ambiri a luso Chekhov a. Patatha zaka 2 kupanga wa Moscow Art Theatre, iye anachititsa furor. Pambuyo "The mbalameyi," anabwera kusewera "Amalume Vanya" (1899), komanso ankaimba bwino yaikulu. Ntchito ina ( "Alongo zitatu" ndi "The Cherry zipatso" - 1901 ndi 1903 zaka, motero) kale zopezeka zonse mfundo za wolemba kwambiri.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1897, Chekhov anakakamizika kupita ku chipatala TB, kenako m'nyengo yozizira 1897-1898 mu Nice. Pa kuumirira kwa madokotala iye anapita mu September chaka cha 1898 mu Yalta, komwe anakhala yozizira. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, wolemba ankakonza ntchito anasonkhana, amene, mu Mabaibulo awiri (1899-1902 TH ndi 1903 a.) Anaonekera kulisindikiza.

Mu 1901, wolemba anakwatira Olga Knipper Leonardovna zisudzo.

Pang'onopang'ono, Thanzi lake litalowa pansi, madokotala anaumirira kukutumizirani Germany mu Badenweiler. wolemba anapita ndi mkazi wake. 2 (15) mu July 1904 linali tsiku lomaliza la moyo wake.

Ndipo ntchito Chekhov, ndi ntchito yake yolalikira, ndipo mfundo zosiyanasiyana kuchokera biographies zikutisonyeza kuti iye anali munthu wa zolinga mwauzimu ndi makhalidwe abwino. Zikomo kuti monga iye ali, dziko lathu afika bwino. Mbiri moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov waperekedwa m'nkhani ino. Tidzakhala okondwa ngati upezeke kufuna kupitiriza wodziwa wolemba ameneyu. Moyo ndi ntchito ya Chekhov, mbiri yake kuphunzira kwambiri ndi chidwi. M'nkhaniyi, mwatsoka, zinthu zonse Sitingathe kudziwa.