A boma feduro - mulingo woyenera boma

The boma ndicho mawonekedwe ambiri zovomerezeka dongosolo boma m'zigawozo limati lalikulu kapena limati imene anthu aikidwa pa maziko a dziko.

Pakali pano, asayansi musataye tanthauzo limodzi la boma boma Komabe, kupenda maudindo, ndi mtundu wa boma akhoza limanenedwa ngati olimbika boma boma, wopangidwa mwa m'dera awiri kapena kuposa utsogoleri, ogwirizana ndi malo ofanana pa maziko a malamulo. Monga ulamuliro, okhumudwa amakhala ndi zinthu zina:

1. yogawa mphamvu - ndi "malo" ndi nzika za Federation ali chinanena mu Constitution la yamtunduwu zawo zomwe zikukhudza anthu;
2. nsoka wa malamulo pa boma (lamulo kwa anthu onse a m'dzikolo) ndi nzika za dongosolo chitaganya (chomveka yekha gawo la nkhani chitaganya);
3. ulamuliro wa dongosolo chapakati malamulo a dongosolo la nkhani feduro;
4. bikameralizm - zofuna za nzika za chitaganya awa akuimira mu nyumba chapamwamba yamalamulo;
5. kusowa mabungwe malamulo a boma kuti secede boma;
6. mfundo za unzika wapawiri - ndi nzika za Federation ndi nkhaniyi.

The boma lero khalidwe m'mayiko 24, kuphatikizapo Switzerland, USA, Brazil, Canada ndi Russia. Onsewo kulengedwa njira zitatu: kusintha kwa chitaganya kuti chitaganya pa mgwirizano maziko, kapena kusintha kwa boma unitary kuti chitaganya a.

Unitary ndi boma boma.

Kutsutsana zimene mtundu wa utsogoleri-Kupititsa dongosolo bwino anakhalabe kuposa chaka pakati jurists. Childs, aliyense wa sayansi azipereka mfundo zawo mokomera munthu kapena mtundu wina. Unitary boma - ndi njira yovomerezeka ya limati yaing'ono imene mtundu wina amakhala. Dera Pankhaniyi lagawidwa m'madera imvera boma malamulo anakhazikitsa boma. Nazo limati ano limasonyeza kuti unitary mawonekedwe abwino inati Mipikisano dziko limene akuluakulu onse angapereke mgwirizano wawo.

The boma inati imene mgwirizano zinachitika pa dziko, dera lawo kapena zokonda chuma. Pankhaniyi, likulu boma paulimi nkhani ambiri anthu powapatsa nzika za boma kuthana ndi mavuto enieni omwe angabuke njira ya akuluakulu a nkhani inayake ya boma. The boma akhoza kukhala abwino njira yothetsera kwa zigawo zimene unitary ndipo mu mkhalidwe "nkhondo mazira". Komabe, mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika pasadakhale kudziwa mtundu wa chitaganya - ndi centralized (pakati - amphamvu, nkhani - ofooka) kapena decentralized (pakati amasonyeza lingaliro ambiri a chitukuko, nkhani zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto ena onse).

Unitary ndi boma boma lero mitundu yofala boma boma. Zimenezi n'zomveka ndithu, kuyambira awa mitundu iwiri ya boma abwino kumanga boma malamulo.

Russia - boma feduro.

Pakuti osiyanasiyana mizere chotero zachuma ndi mitundu monga Russian feduro mawonekedwe dziko ya kapangidwe boma Kupititsa ndi njira yabwino.

Mapangidwe Russia monga chitaganya chifukwa choti njira zakale chitukuko. Komabe, otsogolera mu ndondomeko izi ankaimba ndi 1993 Constitution, zimene malamulo moganizira zinachitikira akalambula ndipo anapereka nzika za chitaganya ufulu m'malo ochuluka. Choncho, malinga ndi malemba koyamba kwa Constitution la Russia wakhala decentralized. Koma pa zaka 10 zapitazi ndi kuoneka bwino azimuth kwa chitaganya centralized. kusintha amagwirizana ndi gawo lalikulu ndi zikuchokera Mipikisano mitundu ya anthu m'dzikoli, ulamuliro umene chifukwa cha kusowa kuti akonze njira ya secession maonekedwe awo ongolankhula pa dera la Russia. Federal boma kwa nthaŵi likukwaniritsa zofunikira za Russian Federation, kugwira ntchito za masiku onse onse malamulo ndi mfundo za chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha view.