A vavu mtima: ntchito kwa m'malo ndi matenda zotheka

Mtima wa munthu ali cavities anayi. Aliyense wa iwo chikugwirizana kudzera mabowo wapadera - mavavu. Iwo ayenera zimafala magazi maselo wogawana. Mu matenda a mavavu mtima, amafuna thandizo cardiologist. Nthawi zina, kuthetsa kudwala, opaleshoni m'pofunika. Matenda vavu zida kutsogolera bwino magazi. Ngati palibe kanthu akutengedwa, ndi kudwala kungachititse kuti imfa.

Kodi mtima vavu?

mavavu mtima zofunika kuonetsetsa yokha mwazi panopa ku selo wina ndi mzake. Iwo zigwirizana ndi M'kati mwa thupi - ndi endocardium. Mtima vavu akutumikira zenera pakati cavities a. Uyamiko kwa Iye, magazi umayenda m'chipinda wina ndi mzake ngati kuli kofunika. zida Valvular tichipeza zigawo izi:

1. The annulus fibrosus.
2. Minofu minofu ndi lamba wa pamimba.
3. Poyambira.

nyumba awa alipo mu mavavu onse. Fibrotic mphete ndi partitions pakati cavities ndi kupanga chimango mtima. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi wandiweyani ulusi zotanuka ndi kolajeni. Valavu kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke ndi zofunika pofuna kutsegula ake pa nthawi ya systole. Magazi oponyedwa ku paipi chapadenga cha mtima kwa wina. Kuti kusakanizidwa ndi mzake, valavu kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke nthawi zikumenyetsedwa. Poyambira - ndi connective minofu magulu. Iwo alumikizana vavu kwa minofu papillary za mtima. Ntchito yawo - kuonetsetsa kachulukidwe pakati pa zitseko.

Zosiyanasiyana mavavu mtima

Pali 2 mitundu ya mavavu: ndi atrioventricular ndi semilunar. Choyamba - kupereka interconnection pakati m'zipinda. mavavu Semilunar ndi zofunika kukhala yoyenera magazi m'zotengera lalikulu la mtima - ndi msempha ndi mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga. Ndi mipata atrioventricular monga mitundu zotsatirazi kuli nthambi:

1. Mitral.
2. Tricuspid.

Mitral vavu mtima zikugwirizana ndi atrium kumanzere ndi ventricle. Amakhala 2 mapiko. vavu Tricuspid lili kumalire kwa zipinda mtima chabwino. Mosiyana ndi kumanzere atrioventricular kutsegula, iwo ali kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke atatu. Magazi amawapopa ndi mtima zotengera zonse za thupi, amafunika kung'ambika vavu mtima. Iwo ali 3 makutu: lamanja, kumanzere ndi kumbuyo. Kutsegula kwa thunthu m'mapapo mwanga ndi oyenerera pa kubwereketsa ku atrium bwino. Kuti uziyenda mu makope ang'ono ndi lalikulu, zofunika kuti aletse ntchito kuli nthambi zonse. Kuwonongeka kwa mmodzi wa iwo kumayambitsa matenda a mtima.

Matenda a zida valavu

Valvular mavavu mtima zikhoza kukhala kuvulala zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina kapangidwe cholakwika mabowo pakati m'zipinda. Izi zikusonyeza kukhalapo kwa malformations kobadwa nako mtima, amene anapanga pa ziwalo Bookmark mu mwana wosabadwayo. Pakuti anomalies amenewa ndi monga:

1. Yamitsempha yamagazi septal chilema.
2. Maluso ductus arteriosus.
3. Matenda.
4. Kung'ambika ndi pulmonic stenosis.

Kuwonjezera ziwonongeke vavu zingaoneke kuchepetsa wa ziwiya waukulu magazi, malo awo cholakwika, zilibe zipinda za mtima, ndi zina zotero .. Nthawi zina matenda osakaniza zoipa angapo.

Matenda a zida valavu tikufuna. Zidzachitika pa maziko a aakulu nthenda mtima, zokhudza zonse yotupa ndondomeko. The zifukwa mapangidwe vuto monga: endo- ndi myocarditis, enaake ophwanya m'thupi, atherosclerosis, etc. Mwa matenda kuthi monga stenosis ndi insufficiency kuli nthambi ... matenda amenewa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu odwala achinyamata ndi wazaka zapakati.

Zikuonetsa kwa opaleshoni

Ngati kulankhulana pakati cavities mtima wasweka, pamafunika m'malo ndi valavu mtima. ntchito kudzatithandiza kupewa chitukuko cha kulephera magazi. opaleshoni chotero - izi ndi ndondomeko lalikulu limene yekha agwiritsa ntchito pamene mankhwala ena musati kubweretsa zotsatira. Pali zizindikiro zotsatirazi kwa opaleshoni:

1. Kulankhula vavu insufficiency. Yodziwika mu tsamba afooka, ndipo mosavuta extensible.
2. Stenosis valavu. Ndi anachepetsa mipata pakati pa zipinda za mtima.

Yopanga amachitidwa pa nthawi imene vavu ili kwambiri mkhutu minofu ndi kubwezeretsa matabwa ake si zotheka. Ambiri, izo zimawonedwa odwala ndi stenosis kwambiri. Opaleshoni mankhwala n'kofunika ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima ndi matenda aakulu. Zizindikiro za chikhalidwe ichi monga: kufupika kwa mpweya pa mpumulo, syncope, angina. Komanso, m'malo a vavu opangidwa ngati dzenje yake mwapang'ono oposa 50% ndi zosakwana 1 cm. Prosthesis anachita milandu kumene pali calcification wa timapepala ta kapena minofu papillary.

Kodi chimayambitsa mtima vavu insufficiency?

Vavu insufficiency akufotokozera pa maziko a matenda aakulu mtima. Zimadzetsa kuonongeka kwa kusintha mu magazi ndi regurgitation - n'zosiyana adzasiyidwa. Kulephera oterewa pamene valavu mtima si kutseka kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi, tsamba kukhala zochepa zotanuka. Nthawi zambiri wamba kung'ambika ndi mitral valavu.

Kukhazikitsa mtima kuchita valvuloplasty. Zikavuta, ndi valavu prosthesis. Kung'ambika insufficiency amatsogolera ndi kubweranso kwa magazi m'ng'anjo ventricle kumanzere. Chifukwa cha chipinda ichi mtima pang'onopang'ono zambiri ndipo wotaya contractility ake. Kulephera kwa vavu mitral wofanana ndi regurgitation magazi kuti patsekeke wa atrium kumanzere. Aliyense wa pathologies zimenezi zimachititsa kuti matenda a mtima.

Mitundu ya opaleshoni

Kodi ngati valavu zowonongeka mtima? opaleshoni imagwiridwa mu milandu, n'kuchiumba kukanika kwa thupi. Ngati matenda a mtima imalipidwa, ndi ndiwofatsa mankhwala. Matenda a zida valavu si mmene yopanga. Nthawi zina vuto angathe kuthetsedwa popanda kumayambiriro kumezanitsa lapansi. Pakuti popanga munthu opaleshoni pa mtima zotsatirazi:

1. Zibaluni valvuloplasty. Alipire yowonjezera mwapang'ono vavu stenosis.
2. Annuloplasty. N'chobwezeretsa chimango ndi njira ya vavu thandizo mphete. The chosonyeza ntchito imeneyi ndi kukula kwa dzenje pakati pa zipinda chifukwa analephera.
3. Apulasitiki vavu mtima - ikuchitika milandu kuwonongeka ndi calcification wa timapepala ta lapansi.

Kusankha opaleshoni zimadalira kuopsa kwa chilema, m'badwo ndi chikhalidwe ambiri wodwala.

njira valvuloplasty

Mawu akuti "valvuloplasty" amatanthauza ntchito zosiyanasiyana mavavu za mtima. opaleshoni otere anachita monga kobadwa nako anomalies thupi, ndipo mu nkhani ya anapeza chilema. Valvuloplasty imagwiridwa, ngati pali stenosis kapena vavu insufficiency popanda kuwononga dongosolo lake. Komanso, njira ya mankhwala opaleshoni imagwiridwa pamaso pa contraindications kuti yopanga.

Ambiri mtima opaleshoni ya stenosis kung'ambika kapena kumanzere atrioventricular kutsegula amati zibaluni valvuloplasty. Amakhala ndi kuyambitsa waya chapadera mwa mtsempha wamagazi femoral. Pamene chubu umalandira vavu kutsegula, ndi zibaluni oyenerera pa mapeto ake, mpweya wa jekeseni. Kenako, catheter atachotsedwa. opaleshoni imagwiridwa m'manja angiography. Izo sikutanthauza ochititsa dzanzi ambiri, ndi kulumikiza wodwalayo kwa othandizira.

Nthawi zina, stenosis commissurotomy kuchita. Yankholo mu kung'ambika wa timapepala ta zinaphatikizidwa.

Annuloplasty imagwiridwa pamene vavu kulephera. The zikuoneka patsogolo kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke popanda kuwononga organic. Dokotalayo amasankha mtengo thandizo mphete kukula chofunika ndi atakhazikitsa kuti endothelium njira matabwa.

Apulasitiki vavu mtima

Ntchito m'malo valavu mtima imagwiridwa ndi kuchepetsa orifice atrioventricular kwa 1.5 cm, kung'ambika -. 1 cm kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana monga ziwalo. Nthawi zina, odwala kuziika mtima mavavu nyama - nkhumba kapena ng'ombe. Akukhulupirira kuti chiopsezo kukana ziwalo zoterezi n'chozama kupitirira angapange. Njira ina ndi kupatsidwa zina opaleshoni m'mapapo mwanga vavu m'malo mwa kung'ambika orifice kuonongeka. A ndondomeko ofanana imagwiridwa kokha odwala wamng'ono, kuyambira limatanthauza mwaukadaulo zovuta popanga munthu opaleshoni.

Moyo pambuyo opaleshoni ya mtima

Ngakhale kuti opaleshoni ya mtima amaonedwa yowopsa, amachita njira yokhayo kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu. Pambuyo apulasitiki vavu kulamulira zonse mmene wodwalayo amafuna. Odwala likufa opaleshoni ayenera kutenga mankhwala kupatulira moyo, magazi. mankhwala "Warfarin" amatanthauza mankhwala. Izi ndi zofunika kupewa mapangidwe magazi kuundana ku valavu yokumba.