Academician Pavlov yonena ntchito sayansi

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov - wopambana Nobel Prize ndipo anazindikira lonse ndi sayansi. Kukhala wasayansi ndi luso, anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti pakhale kuwerenga maganizo ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Kuti iye ankaona anayambitsa m'munda wa sayansi, monga ntchito apamwamba mantha. Iye anapanga angapo atulukira yaikulu m'munda wa lamulo la chimbudzi, ndipo anakhazikitsa mu Russian sukulu thupi.

makolo

Wambiri Pavlova Ivana Petrovicha kumayambira 1849. Zinali ndiye kuti academician tsogolo anabadwa mu mzinda wa Ryazan. atate wake, Peter D., anachokera ku banja wamba ndi ntchito monga wansembe limodzi la maparishi zazing'ono. Mwayekha zoona, iye nthawi zonse akusemphana ndi mabwana ake, kotero iye anakhala moyo olemera. Peter D. anakonda moyo, anali ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo ankakonda ntchito m'munda ndi munda.

Varvara Ivanovna, mayi Ivan, anabwera kuchokera m'banja lauzimu. Ali mwana anali wosangalala, kusangalala ndi wathanzi. Koma kawirikawiri mwana (m'banja anali ndi ana 10) kwambiri kuchichepetsa bwino. Varvara Ivanovna ndinalibe maphunziro, koma khama ndiponso nzeru zachilengedwe anatembenuka kukhala skilful mphunzitsi wa ana awo.

ubwana

Tsogolo Academician Pavlov Ivan anali mwana woyamba wa banja. Childhood unakhudzadi kwambiri kukoma pa kukumbukira. Mu zaka okhwima, iye anati: "Ndikukumbukira bwino kwambiri anga anapita koyamba kunyumba. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti ndinali chaka, ndi namwino anali atanyamula ine mu manja ake. Chifukwa chakuti Ndikukumbukira wamng'ono kwambiri, anati onse kukumbukira mwatsatanetsatane. Pamene maliro m'bale mayi, ine anatengedwera m'manja kunena tiwonana kwa iye. Powonekera akuyimabe pamaso panga. "

Ivan ros mokondwera ndi wathanzi. Iye mofunitsitsa ankaimba ndi abale ndi alongo achitsikana. Anathandizanso mayi wake (zochitika kunyumba) ndi bambo (pomanga nyumba ndi munda). mlongo wake L. P. Andreeva za nyengo ino ya moyo wake motere: "John nthawi zonse anakumbukira moyamikira papa. Iye anali wokhoza kuphunzitsa iye chizolowezi ntchito molondola, mwandondomeko, ndi dongosolo lonse. amayi athu anali anyantchoche. Kukhala wolima chachikulu, iye anayesetsa kuchita zonse ndekha. Koma ana onse kuchilemekeza ake ndipo anayesa kuthandiza: munyamule madzi, kutenthetsa uvuni, kuwaza nkhuni. Onsewa anali kuchita Ivan pang'ono. "

Sukulu ndi kuvulala

Diploma, iye anayamba kuphunzira ndi zaka 8, koma sukulu zaka 11. yekha vuto onse mlanduwo: Tsiku lina mnyamata anaika kuti maapulo youma pa nsanja. Iye atathawa, iye anagwa pa makwerero nagwa mwachindunji pansi pa mwala. Kufinya anali amphamvu kwambiri, ndi Ivan anadwala. The mnyamata anatembenuka wotumbululuka, wonenepa, anataya kudya ndi kuyamba kugona zoipa. Makolo anayesera kuchiritsa kunyumba, koma sizinathandize. Kamodzi, pa ulendo Pavlov anafika abbot Woyera Utatu obisika. Powona wodwalika mnyamata, anapita naye yekha. Kumatheka zakudya, mpweya wabwino ndi olimbitsa zonse ku Ivan mphamvu ndi thanzi. The mtetezi anatembenuka wanzeru, mtundu ndiponso wophunzira munthu. Iye anatsogolera moyo wokonda moyo wodzimana ndipo kwambiri kuwerenga. makhalidwe amenewa amapangidwa pa mnyamata mumaona. Buku loyamba kuti Academician Pavlov anali mnyamata wa ku abbot, ndinakhala nthano I. A. Krylova. The mnyamata pamtima n'kugwira chikondi cha fabulist kupyolera moyo. Bukuli nthawi zonse kunama pa desiki wasayansi lapansi.

Maphunzilo ku Seminary

Mu 1864, mchikakamizo cha mtsogoleriyo Ivan analowa seminare. Kumeneko, nthawi yomweyo anakhala wophunzira pamwamba, ndipo ngakhale anathandiza comrades wake monga namkungwi. Zaka maphunziro kuti tiyanjane ndi ntchito za Ivan anzeru Russian monga Di Pisarev, N. Dobrolyubov, V. G. Belinsky, A. I. Gertsen, N. G. Chernyshevsky, ndi zina zotero. D. achinyamata anasangalala chilakolako kwawo kumenya ufulu ndi kupata zisinthe. Koma pa nthawi, zokonda zake ankatembenukira kwa sayansi. Ndipo apa chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe kafukufuku monograph Pavlov anali I. M. Sechenova "bongo mwa ubongo." Nditamaliza maphunziro ku seminare chimodzi mnyamata kalasi iye anazindikira kuti iye sanafune kuchita ntchito zauzimu, ndipo ndinayamba kukonzekera mayeso yunivesite pakhomo.

Studies pa University of

Mu 1870 Pavlov anasamukira ku St. Petersburg ndi kufunitsitsa kuti ndizilalikira Physics ndi Masamu luso. Koma anatembenuka kupita ku lamulo. Chifukwa cha ichi - ndi kuletsa ophunzira mawu a kusankha ntchito. Ivan anatumiza kupemphera kwa rector, ndi masabata awiri kenako iye anasamutsidwa ku Physics ndi Masamu Dipatimenti. Mnyamatayu anapita bwino ndinapeza maphunziro apamwamba (ufumu).

Pa nthawi zambiri amakonda Ivan Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi chaka chachitatu kwathunthu anadzipereka sayansi. Kusankha kotsiriza anapanga mchikakamizo cha Professor Tsion - walunthayu wasayansi, ndi lecturer wanzeru ndi experimenter aluso. Apa mmene kukumbukira kuti nthawi ya mbiri ake Academician Pavlov: "Monga ntchito yaikulu ndinasankha Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa nyama, ndipo anawonjezera - zimapangidwira. Ngakhale chidwi chachikulu pa zonse wapanga Ilya Fadeevich. Ife timafika izo mwaluso yosavuta kulongosola nkhani zovuta zokhudza thupi ndi luso luso mu zatsopano. mphunzitsi ili Ine ndikukumbukira moyo wanga wonse. "

ntchito kafukufuku

Woyamba kafukufuku Pavlov unayamba chaka 1873. Kenako, mwa malangizo a Ivan Ovsyannikov ankafufuza misempha mu mapapo chule lapansi. Mu chaka chomwecho, pamodzi ndi wophunzira wina, iye analemba wake woyamba ntchito sayansi. Mutu, ndithudi, kunali Tsion. Mu ntchito iyi, ophunzira kufufuza zotsatira za misempha laryngeal pa magazi. Kumapeto kwa 1874, zotsatira zinakambidwa pa msonkhano wa Society of Naturalists. Pavlov akusonkhana nthawi pamisonkhano imeneyi ankaperekera Tarkhanovo Ovsyannikov ndi Sechenov.

Posachedwa ophunzira M. M. Afanasev ndi I. P. Pavlov anayamba kuphunzira misempha pancreatic. University Council kupereka ntchito n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi. Komabe, Ivan ntchito pa kafukufuku zambiri ndipo sanali pochitika chomaliza, pakutayika maphunziro. Izi amakakamizidwa kuti akhalebe pa yunivesite kwa chaka china. Mu 1875 anamaliza kwakukuru. Iye anali 26 okha (chithunzi Ivana Petrovicha Pavlova mu m'badwo uno, mwatsoka, sanakhale ndi moyo), ndi tsogolo chinaoneka zingamuthandize kwambiri.

magazi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa

Mu 1876, mnyamata ntchito yothandiza Professor KN Ustimovich, mutu wa zasayansi pa Medico-Zopangira Academy. Mu zaka ziwiri, Ivan yapangitsa maphunziro ambiri a pa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa magazi. Zokambirana Pavlov kutamandidwa Pulofesa S. P. Botkin ndipo anamupempha kuti abwere ku chipatala. Yokhala, Ivan anaikidwa zasayansi wothandizira, koma kwenikweni anali mtsogoleri wa zasayansi. Ngakhale chipinda osauka, kusowa zipangizo ndi ndalama zochepa, Pavlov yapindula kwambiri kuphunzira Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa chimbudzi ndi magazi. Mu mabwalo a sayansi, dzina lake kukhala imadziwika.

chikondi choyamba

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri mochedwa anakumana Serafima Karchevsky - wophunzira pedagogical dipatimenti. Young United kufanana kwa maganizo, zokonda wamba, kudzipereka kwa zolinga kutumikira anthu ndi kulimbana patsogolo. Ambiri iwo anakonda mzake. A Save chithunzi Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ndi Seraphim Vasilevny Karchevsky zikusonyeza kuti anali okongola kwambiri banja. Thandizo la akazi ndi lakwaniritsa bwino ngati mnyamata m'munda sayansi.

The kufufuza ntchito ina

Kwa zaka 12 ntchito kuchipatala S. P. Botkina Wambiri Pavlova Ivana Petrovicha apindula ndi zosiyanasiyana zochitika za sayansi, ndipo anakhala odziwika onse kunyumba ndi kunja. Kuwonjezera ntchito ndi osauka wa sayansi ndi luso wakhala kufunikira osati chifukwa cha zofuna zake, komanso chitukuko cha sayansi Russian.

Koma mu masiku a tsarist Russia kusintha kulikonse kuti, moona, demokalase-apamwamba, kosathandiza, manyazi ndi unsophisticated munthu wamba, ndipo kodi anali Pavlov, kunali kovuta. Komanso, moyo zovuta kwa wasayansi physiologists otchuka, amene Ivan Petrovich, ali wamng'ono, poyera adalowa zokambirana mkangano ndi zambiri anatuluka wopambana. Choncho, chifukwa review zoipa Professor I. R. Tarhanova ntchito Pavlov pa kufalitsidwa otsiriza osati kupereka mphoto.

Ivan sanathe kupeza labu wabwino kupitiriza maphunziro awo. Mu 1887, mosakhalitsa kalata kwa Nduna ya Maphunziro, zimene anapempha malo pa Dipatimenti ya yunivesite woyendetsa. Kenako anaitumizanso makalata angapo ku mabungwe osiyanasiyana ndipo kulikonse anakanidwa. Koma posakhalitsa mwayi wasayansi.

The Prize Nobel

Mu April 1890 Pavlov anasankhidwa katswiri wa mankhwala kamodzi awiri yunivesite: Warsaw ndi Tomsk. Ndipo mu 1891 anaitanidwa kuti bungwe Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa pa University kumene anatsegula wa Experimental Medicine. Pavlov walunjika mpaka imfa yake. N'kumene anachita mapepala angapo tingachipeze powerenga pa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa zopangitsa m'mimba, omwe anapatsidwa kwa Nobel Prize m'chaka 1904. Onse asayansi akukumbukira kulankhula Academician Pavlov anati "Pa maganizo Russian" pa mwambowu. Tikumbukenso kuti anali mphoto yoyamba, kupereka kwa zatsopano m'munda wa mankhwala.

Relations ndi boma la Soviet

Ngakhale njala ndi owonongedwa mu masiku a mphamvu Soviet, V. I. Lenin inaika lamulo apadera amayamikira ntchito Pavlov, kusonyeza mtima mwapadera ofunda ndi wachikondi wa Bolsheviks. Posachedwapa, Academician ndi ndodo yake analenga zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa ntchito za sayansi. Laboratory Ivan Petrovich reorganized mu thupi Institute. Ndipo pa tsiku 80th wa academician anatsegula pa Leningrad Institute of Science-mzinda.

Anakwaniritsa maloto ambiri kuyambira kalekale ofuna ndi academician Pavlov Ivan Petrovich. ntchito Scientific pulofesa zonse lofalitsidwa. Pa mabungwe anaonekera chipatala maganizo ndi mantha matenda. Zonse kutsogoleredwa ndi mabungwe maphunziro analandira zida zatsopano. The tenfold kuonjezera chiwerengero cha antchito. Kuwonjezera bajeti, wasayansi mwezi uliwonse kuti apeze ndalama kuti anakhala pa nzeru zawo.

Ivan anasangalala ndi inayenda tcheru ndi kutentha maganizo Bolsheviks kuti ntchito ya sayansi. Ndipotu, mu ulamuliro wa tsarist, iye nthawi zonse afunika ndalama. Ndipo tsopano academician ngakhale nkhawa ngati iye angathe kulungamitsa kukhulupirirana ndi boma wachikondi. Nthawi zambiri ankalankhula za chilengedwe wake, ndiponso anthu wamba.

imfa

Academician Pavlov anamwalira pa 87 TH chaka cha moyo. Palibe adaneneratu imfa ya sayansi, chifukwa Ivan anali ndi thanzi kwambiri ndipo kawirikawiri anali kudwala. N'zoona kuti iye anali sachedwa chimfine ndipo amadwala chibayo kangapo. Chibayo komanso anali chifukwa cha imfa. February 27, 1936 wasayansi wasiya dziko lino.

anthu onse Soviet maliro pamene iye anafa Academician Pavlov (ofotokoza za imfa Ivan Petrovich a posachedwapa anaonekera mu nyuzipepala). Iye anafa munthu wamkulu ndi katswiri wamkulu, amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha sayansi thupi. Ivan Petrovich anaikidwa pa za Volkov manda, pafupi ndi manda a D. I. Mendeleeva.