Air misa kunyanja lamba. The kunyanja zone nyengo: makhalidwe

Zoni chapakati dziko nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha malo ake kunyanja pa mbali zonse za equator kwa madigiri 5-8 kumpoto digiri 11,4 kum'mwera kumpoto.

chilimwe wosatha

Limited subequatorial kunyanja lamba imakhala malo atatu:

• M'dziko America South: Amazon otsika;
• Chile Africa: kunyanja; Gulf wa Guinea;
• Mbali ya Wamkulu Sunda Islands ndi pafupi iwo madzi.

Equatorial M'madera a zitunda ndikafike m'madera onse a m'mbali zonse za dziko, ndi chofanana nyengo mu kumpoto hemispheres Kumwera.

Maphunziro a kunyanja ya misa mpweya

Kuchuluka kwa kutentha dzuwa amapereka padziko lapansi - chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kulimbikitsa nyengo malo ena padziko lapansi. Mlingo wa alikuwotha moto padziko lathuli zimadalira mbali imene imagwera kwa dzuŵa. The kwambiri equator, m'pamenenso ndi kutentha padziko lapansi, kuwonjezera kutentha pansi.

Pa dera la kunyanja zone dzuwa mbali ya zochitika ndi yayikulu, kotero pachaka mpweya kutentha mu zigawo kunyanja ya lamba ndi madigiri 26, ndi kusiyana maganizo pang'ono. Air misa ya kunyanja zone, mkangano, nyamuka ndi amalenga kayendedwe m'mwamba mitsinje mpweya.

Pa dziko lapansili aumbike kunja zoni otsika kuthamanga - ndi yamphamvu maganizo. The mkangano ndi lonyowa mpweya kudzuka n'kudziwa zimalimbikitsa ndipo utakhazikika kumeneko. Chifukwa cha kutembenuka matenthedwe kupita kuchuluka cumulus mitambo, mpweya mu mawonekedwe a mvula.

Kupangidwa mu maganizo zone mpweya misa kunyanja lamba nthawi ndi kutentha. Chinyezi m'deralo komanso kuchuluka.

Wapadera ndi yamphamvu zone nyengo. Kaperekedwe misa mpweya nthawi zonse zofanana. Popeza anapanga m'dera otsika mumlengalenga kuthamanga pamwamba dziko ndi nyanja, ndi asayansi kugawaniza iwo mu m'madzi komanso chokhala subtypes nyengo.

NKHANI misa mpweya

Ofala mpweya misa mawonekedwe a kunyanja lamba kunyanja mtundu wa nyengo imene amakhala ndi:

• Mkulu zonse mpweya kutentha 24 ⁰ C kwa 28 ⁰ C, ndi kusiyana maganizo pang'ono chaka chimodzi ndi kusiyana kwa 2-3 ⁰ C. The kusintha kwa nyengo amaona, chaka chonse chilimwe lalikulu. Kutentha ambiri lamba kunyanja sasintha pa chaka.
• Wochuluka mpweya ndi mapiri awiri mvula lolingana pachimake malo dzuwa, ndi minima awiri pa solstices lapansi. Mvula, koma omangidwa.
• mpweya boma mu lamba yamphamvu, ndipo chiwerengero chawo, dontho-pansi kwa chaka ndi osiyana zigawo zosiyana za lamba yamphamvu.

A lililonse yamphamvu nyengo achilendo kwa Amazon Western ndi Congo beseni. Mu Congo beseni kuchuluka kwa mpweya mumlengalenga kwa chaka cha 1200-1500 mm malo ena 2000 mamilimita pa chaka. Dera ndi dera Amazon ndi yokulirapo beseni wa Congo, misa mpweya anapanga ndi kwambiri kunyanja lamba. Kuchuluka pachaka mpweya ukufika 2000-3000 mm. Izi nthawi zambiri kuposa mlingo pachaka.

The kunyanja zone nyengo: makhalidwe nyengo

Pakuti chigawo chakumadzulo cha Andes ndi la kumpoto kwa Guinea amakhala ndi imfa ya mvula wambiri, chiwerengero akhoza upambana 5,000 mamilimita pa chaka m'madera ena, mpaka mamilimita 10,000 pa chaka. Pa zochuluka pa mpweya bwanji amphamvu kauntala pakati Equatorial North Current ndi South. Kumalo amenewa, kutchulidwa yotentha pazipita mpweya.

mpweya boma mu lamba yamphamvu nyengo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri. nyengo yadzuwa kapena osakhala sakupezeka, kapena kumatenga miyezi limodzi kapena awiri. The kusiyana kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'chilimwe ndi yozizira m'madera amenewa chifukwa youma ndi yafumbi African West malonda mphepo harmattan. Kuyambira kumapeto November kwa oyambirira March izo iwombela pa Sahara cha Gulf wa Guinea.

Equatorial lamba: mphepo kuti kuumba nyengo

Profusion mpweya mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mgwirizano zone intratropical malonda mphepo zone, kumene mgwirizano wa mafunde mpweya anati. mgwirizano zone chimafikira pamodzi equator, chikugwirizana ndi zone ya mochedwerako mumlengalenga ndipo ambiri chaka ndi kumpoto kwa dziko. Mu nyengo zikuchitika kuchepetsa mgwirizano nthambi, limodzi ndi kusintha, ndi lodziwika kwambiri Indian Ocean.

Apa mphepo ya mwera anagwetsa chakum'mawa kwa. Kuimba mphepo, malingana ndi nyengo, kusintha malangizo awo. mphepo siyana: kuchokera ofooka kukhala ukuwa. M'dera lino, anapanga ambiri zowononga onse otentha. M'madera a zitunda otentha yodziwika ndi mumlengalenga kuthamanga.

Trade mphepo ndi mvula

Iwo ndi mpweya mitsinje, amene akuloŵa zone otsika kuthamanga - equator. Chifukwa kasinthasintha wa Earth kumpoto kusinthanitsa mphepo pafupi ndi equator akutenga malangizo kumpoto ndi ntchito kum'mwera chakum'mawa - South. Chokumanako, iwo apanga bata - windless Mzere. Mphepo ya mwera - osauka mpweya otaya kuwomba pamodzi equator ya chaka chonse, ndi mphepo khola kwambiri pa dziko.

Choncho, mpweya pazipita kugwa mu zone kunyanja atapita masiku March. A kuchepa pang'ono mpweya anati, atapita masiku a solstices lapansi. Pamwamba padziko lapansi usavutike ndi dzuwa, kupanga masango mitambo. Kawirikawiri madzulo kupita mvula limodzi ndi mabingu. Pa nyanja ndi kusamba ndi thunderstorms usiku, ichi ndi kusiyana pakati apanyanja ndi chokhala ndi nyengo.

Chamvula kugwa moti chinyezi ali nthawi asanduke nthunzi. Chinyezi wocheperapo anali pa 80-95%. Owonjezera chinyezi dambo nthaka, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa Mipikisano tiered moti rainforest. Pamwamba pa yonyowa nkhalango ya kunyanja M'madera a zitunda zonse kuwomba kumadzulo yamvula m'chilimwe ndiponso m'nyengo yozizira - kum'mawa, Africa, Guinea yamvula ndi yamvula Indonesia.