Gawo inshuwalansi: ophunzira a dongosolo, ndi mayina a mabanki ndi chitukuko Russia

December 27, 2003 boma latsopano la Russia analowa mphamvu Chilamulo Federal "Pa inshuwalansi ya madipoziti munthu mu Russian Federation" (Act). Pafupifupi zaka khumi ntchito mwakhama, mkangano woopsa, mikangano akadali zotheka kukhala watsopano kwa Russian dongosolo banki limagwirira ndalama - dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi (zonyoza). Maziko a chiyambi cha CERs anali vuto mu chuma dziko mu 30 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawonekedwe ntchito anaonekera mu gawo la banki ya USA mu 1933. Pamaso pa dongosolo boma, kuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwa madipoziti mu mtsinje wa maiko EU - choyambilira mwa kupambana kwa gawo chuma cha boma.

Against limakhala miyambo ya zachuma padziko lonse a dongosolo banki latsopano la Russia anayang'ana odalirika okwanira mu mawu a depositors. Izi zilili kwambiri yafupika cha kuchuluka likulu ufulu mu gawo la kubanki.

Khalani dongosolo la inshuwalansi gawo lakonzedwa kuti kulimbitsanso dongosolo banki lonse. Zimene zinachitika 1998, pamene mbali yaikulu ya ndalama anataya ndalama zawo, kukhulupirira mabanki wakhala kuonongedwa mu Russia. Izi sakanakhoza koma ndi zoyipa pa inflow likulu zikupezeka gawo la kubanki.

Zimenezi zinapangitsa kukhala ndondomeko zolimbana ndi AIDS zoyendetsera inshuwalansi mokakamiza madipoziti. A dongosolo Russian ndalama pulogalamu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zagwiridwa ndi anthu ammudzi banki, pamodzi ndi boma. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi olowa - kuonjezera chidaliro anthu 'mu gawo la kubanki.

Zolinga CERs

Ndi kukhazikitsa olondola mfundo zachuma, ife akhoza kukwaniritsa zolinga anapereka dongosolo la kuvomerezedwa inshuwalansi gawo:

• kuonjezera chidaliro mwa gombe, motero kulimbikitsa ndalama kuthekera;
• kuteteza ufulu wa depositors banki Russian;
• kukopa ndalama kwa anthu pa gawo la kubanki.

Nkofunika kwambiri kuti palibe zolinga si chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa mwamsanga pamene olakwika kukwaniritsa zolinga za gawo la banki anayamba kuukira mavuto mawonetseredwe kuti nthawi zonse kumatanthauza kuopsa kwa ndalama kukula. Base, amene amalola kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zonse, ndi odekha chitukuko wa banki chuma.

mfundo za CERs

The mfundo zimene dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi mu Russia, lamulo enshrined Gawo 3 la Chilamulo.

Onse mabanki Akuluakulu a ku Russia amene afika kwa kutsegula ndi yokonza nkhani za anthu amene ayenera kukhala mamembala a CERs lapansi. Banks nawo dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi Ayenela:

• Zonse kuwachotsera premiums inshuwalansi ku thumba gawo inshuwalansi, kupereka chokhala thumba kudzazidwa. Kuwonjezera zopereka mabanki ntchito chilango kukwaniritsidwa mochedwa ntchito zake. The limanena za ndalama komanso ndi gwero la kubwezeretsa kwa Fund.
• Kumawadziwitsa makasitomala awo nawo CER ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama za inshuwalansi pophunzira pa m'misasa malo onse.
• Tsogolerani ndi tsiku m'kaundula udindo ngongole ya gombe.
• Kukwaniritsa udindo zina zotchulidwa m'Chilamulo.

Kuopsa depositors ayenera maximally yafupika nthawi imene mabanki sangathe kukwaniritsa udindo wake kwa makasitomala.

Ntchito za CERs ayenera mandala. Izi zikutanthauza mwayi angathe ndalama zambiri za ntchito kwa akufa.

Zochepa chabe mwa mfundo za kugwira ntchito CERs

Kupatula pa mfundo pamwamba, tingapeze chifukwa Chilamulo mfundo zina:

• ophunzira mu dongosolo ndi luso mabanki kwambiri ndalama khola la Chitaganya cha Russia;
• ubwino inshuwalansi ndi opanikiza;
• azisunga liwiro pazipita ndalama inshuwalansi.

Mfundo kulolerana ndalama mabanki amphamvu adzaonetsetsa kuti anthu a CERs zitha kukhala anthu mabungwe a zachuma amene kukwaniritsa zofunika mkulu pa zinthu ndalama. Choncho, nthawi zonse ndi mokwanira ndemanga a mabanki alipo ikuchitika Mwaichi ndi Bank wa Central. Pa mayeso ayesedwa ndi liquidity wa chuma kosamalira ndi profitability, mlingo wa kasamalidwe, ndi zambiri. Izi kumatha "vuto" mabanki ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo sanali zachuma.

Dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi - ndi limagwirira kwa akubwerera malipilo yochepa. Malinga ndi Gawo 11 la Chilamulo, milandu inshuwalansi (sanali kugwilizana ndi ntchito zawo ndi banki) ndi Investor angayembekezere kulipira ndalama ya 100% ya madipoziti onse mu banki cholinga kutenga nkhani accrued chidwi.

Kubweranso kwa madipoziti ndalama ndi chidwi accrued ikuchitika rubles. Madipoziti mu ndalama zakunja mtima pa Bank of Russia kusinthitsa ndalama pa nthawi ya mwambowu inshuwaransi. Malinga kasitomala nkhani ku mabanki angapo, malipilo ndi kadzaganiziridwa payokha aliyense bungwe ndalama. Kapezekedwe ka mgwirizano ngongole ndi banki kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro a ndalama ngongole.

Insurance malipiro pa madipoziti mu dziko akutsatiridwa pasanathe masiku 30. Akukhulupirira kuti nyengo alipire yaitali angachititse mantha ndi kuchepetsa yonena za CERs lapansi.

Ophunzira za dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi

Malinga ngongole ya anatumizidwa nawo mamembala awa a CERs:

• Inshuwaransi - mabanki mu dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi, zalembedwa mu dongosolo kaundula. Ufulu kukhala membala wa CERs ali yense banki pa chikhalidwe chimenecho chilolezo wake wosindikiza Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, kukopa ufulu ndalama ya anthu kuti kutsegula madipoziti ndalama pa. Kudziwa za nawo banki latsopano la Russia mu dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi pa malo ACB kubanki.
• Mapindu - depositors, makasitomala banki kulandira kudzatenga inshuwalansi a zaumoyo a.
• Insurer - thupi lomwe ndi udindo kuyan'anila ntchito CERs, womwe Insurance Agency Gawo (okayikitsa).
• Thupi, yolalikira kuyan'anila mukukwaniritsa ndi Bank of Russia.

Komanso nawo mwakhama dongosolo amalandira RF boma, makamaka, ndi kulamulira ntchito CERs.

Agency Insurance Gawo

Okayikitsa ndi mbali yaikulu mu kuonetsetsa kuti dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi. Part 2 Article 15 la Chilamulo amasonyeza mndandanda wa ulamuliro Agency akuti:

• mlandu ndi mayina a mabungwe banki;
• kudzikundikira premiums inshuwalansi, yokonza ulamuliro ndi chitetezo cha thumba;
• depositors mlandu zopempha ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa zonena zawo yovomerezeka;
• akaonekere kwa Bank of Russia chifukwa chophwanya malamulo banki ndi chofunikira kwa ntchito zoyezera udindo;
• pakuika zilipo thumba;
• ulamuliro a mabanki poyerekezera ndi zofunika zotchulidwa m'Chilamulo;
• kudziwa limagwirira kwa kuwerengetsa ndi malipiro a zopereka kuvomerezedwa ndi mabanki.

Zopereka amene si mamembala a SHS

Nkhani 5 Chilamulo Kusonyeza kuti dongosolo la inshuwalansi gawo chimakwirira mbali yaikulu ya iwo, kupatulapo:

• Nkhani anatsegula mu nthambi za mabanki Russian ili kunja;
• madipoziti wonyamula;
• zopereka za IP, maloya, notaries, amene amalola cholinga cha kuchita nawo bizinesi;
• madipoziti umasamutsidwa ku banki mu kukhulupirira;
• ndalama nkhani pakompyuta;
• unallocated nkhani zitsulo.

Gawo inshuwalansi amaperekedwa ndi Chilamulo ndi sikutanthauza mapeto a pangano wapadera.

Nthawi inshuwalansi

TCO zimasimba angapo, kuphatikizapo kupereka malipiro kwa depositors:

• revocation chiphatsocho wa banki, kupereka ufulu ankachita zinthu chuma;
• kumayambiriro kwa Bank of Russia zofunikila pa wotuluka zina ndalama.

zochita zonse zokhudza kulolerana chowasiyanitsa ku CERs m'kaundula banki analandira mwa Agency.

ufulu wa depositors

The depositors a mabanki malonda ndi ufulu pansi lamuloli:

• kulandira chipukuta misozi inshuwalansi madipoziti;
• Okayikitsa za milandu ya sanali kugwilizana ndi gombe ndi udindo wake mu ulemu wa madipoziti;
• kudziŵa zonse za nawo banki mu zonyoza.

Dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi nthawi kukhazikitsa ndalama za inshuwalansi malinga ndi Article 12 la Chilamulo. Information za kuyimitsidwa ntchito ya gombe la imafalitsidwa ndi "Bulletin wa Bank of Russia" pa webusaiti okayikitsa. Kuchokera tsiku la chochitika inshuwaransi, ndi lisanathe ndondomeko bankirapuse, ndi ngongole ali ndi ufulu kupala zonena zawo, kugonjera ntchito olembedwa mwina utsogoleli wogwirizira, kapena liquidator. Kabodzi kene iye anapanga malipiro kwa masiku 3, koma osati kale kuposa 14 masiku kuchokera tsiku chochitika inshuwaransi. Pa pempho la ndalama depositor malipilo inakhazikitsa mu ndalama kapena umasamutsidwa ku yake nkhani banki.

Zabwino ndi zoipa CERs

Vuto la kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha madipoziti ndalama mabanki - mmodzi wa waukulu zosangalatsa za chuma cha dziko. Si chinsinsi kuti kusadalira dongosolo banki limalimbikitsa anthu kuti aganyali chifukwa akhoza kuchotsedwa kwamuyaya. Kuthetsa izi chinthu zosasangalatsa lamulo boma kuti aziphunzitsa chitsimikizo depositors.

Dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi - izi ndi sitepe kwambiri kwa kuwonjezeka kukhulupirira mabanki. Mbali yofunika ya CER ndi kudziwa banki gawo depositor katundu, osati kubanki.

Zonse dongosolo ntchito kulamulira kuphedwa kwa mfundo ndi zolinga za Agency kwa Gawo Insurance, amene nawonso, amadalira Chilamulo cha mwakale. Komanso, pofuna kulimbitsa Agency adzakhala ndi ufulu paokha kugwira ankayendetsa zachuma.

Gawo inshuwalansi - ndi njira yofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo phokoso ndalama. Komanso, magombe okha ndi chidwi chotenga mbali mu CER. Popeza ntchito bwino a banki N'zosatheka chenjezo la bankirapuse, komanso kum'patsa thandizo nthawi ya mavuto pa ndalama kwa ndalama za boma.

Lero, mwatsoka, sangatengedwe kukhala dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi mu wangwiro Russian Federation. Pamafunika kusintha kwinanso. Akatswiri amanena kuti atenge malangizo ena amene akanati kudzilamulira:

• zigamulo, kulola mabanki munthu kukhalabe madipoziti, ngakhale ulamuliro wa ulamuliro supervisory kuti suspend ntchito ya gombe.
• Chiwerengero cha mndandanda wa "inshuwaransi" zinthu mwa kuphatikizapo amalonda munthu, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono malamulo, madipoziti zachitsulo ndi zina zotero.
• A kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pazipita zotheka obwezeredwa. Kumbali ya kukula kwa chuma, ndi miyezo ya moyo wa nzika, ndithudi, Kuonjezera ndi madipoziti. Zinthu ngati kuti zikuphatikizapo, ndi kukula kwa ukutitsimikizira boma madipoziti banki, amene kwenikweni adzakhala zikuphatikizapo chidaliro cha depositors.
• Ndondomeko posankha zopereka imawunikidwa kuchokera kwa membala banki. Today ntchito "mtengo wokhazikika" kudziwa mlingo wa zopereka. Pa nthawi yomweyo mabanki onse kulipira kuchuluka womwewo wa madipoziti lapansi. Komabe, anapatsidwa magulu chiopsezo mabanki, dongosolo sichilungamo.
• Utithandize udindo wa anthu okayikitsa ndi kuteteza insolvency a mabanki ndipo apatseni thandizo koyenera kuti mwa mavuto azachuma.

Choncho, dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi amafuna njira mabuku ncholinga kuti kusintha ndi patsogolo. Komanso, m'pofunika kuti ntchito imeneyi zinachitikadi ichitikire ndi ophunzira onse a dongosolo gawo inshuwalansi.