Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich: yonena, ndakatulo za nkhondo

anthu ambiri mu dziko lathu tikudziwa kuti dzina - Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich. Mamembala a anthu achikulire adzakhala ngakhale poloweza mizere ku ndakatulo chidwi ndakatulo.

Peru limabweretsa ntchito zambiri Surkov, koma wotchuka kwambiri anali ndakatulo ake olembedwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse.

yachitika yonena

Wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabadwa mu m'mphawi banja m'chigawo Yaroslavl m'zaka 19 mochedwa. Chifukwa umphawi, ngati ambiri a comrades wake, anakakamizika pa zaka 12 kupita ntchito "anthu" ku likulu la ndiye Tsarist Russia - Petersburg.

Kuukira ndi Civil nkhondo anamupeza anyamata amene ndimalota za kusintha dziko ndi mwayi wolandira maphunziro abwino kuti kufalitsa ndakatulo wake.

Surkov Aleksey Alexandrovich, amene yonena ndi zonse zochitika zosiyanasiyana, pa nthawi zimatengera woyamba nkhani yaikulu: akupita patsogolo ndi nkhondo Red Army.

Pambuyo chigonjetso cha Bolsheviks anabwerera kumudzi kwawo, kumene wakhala akuchita. Iye amakhala membala wa Komsomol, nkulowa chipani mu 1925.

Mu zaka zomwezo, wolemba ndakatulo kusintha limodzi la mapepala oyamba Yaroslavl, imene inkatchedwa "Kumpoto Komsomolets".

Mu 1928, izo chinthu china chofunika mu moyo wa ndakatulo achinyamata: anasamukira kutenga kukhazikikamo mu Moscow - likulu la Soviet Russia.

Woyamba bwino zolembalemba

Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich akadzafika mu Moscow pa Institute of Red Aphunzitsi, ndipo anamaliza mu 1934. Ufuluwo adzasankhe zolembalemba, popeza ngakhale ndi maloto a unyamata wake unali ulemerero zolembalemba. Anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake. Iye amakhala lecturer pa Institute zolembalemba.

Ulemerero wa ndakatulo iyi sizikupanga akubwera. Mu 1930 Surkov anamasulidwa deta yake yoyamba ya ndakatulo, amatchedwa "payekha."

Izi ndi zopereka pambuyo pake, iye akutamanda omenyana wolimba tsogolo lowala, analemba za ungwazi asilikali ndi olimba mtima.

Masiku amenewo, wotchuka kwambiri wa ntchito wake akhala ndakatulo "Konarmeyskaya Song", "Nkhondo Last", "Popeza tinali kukula." Wolemba ndakatulo Amasankhidwa mkonzi wa magazini wamng'ono "zolembalemba Studies", amatsogolera ndi mphamvu ya moyo chikhalidwe, kutenga mbali mu Russo-Chifinishi nkhondo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo amalenga banja Surkov. Adzakwatira wamng'ono ndi mkazi wokongola - Sophia Antonovna Krevs literati. Mu ukwati, mwana wamkazi ndi mwana wamwamuna.

The Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Nkhondo anagwira ndakatulo kutsogolo. Pantchito yake monga nkhondo mtolankhani Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich anapita ambiri nkhondo za Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Iye osati analemba zolemba mu manyuzipepala, komanso ndakatulo, amene anathandiza asilikali Soviet kuona masiku ovuta.

Wolemba ndakatulo yekha, ndi ngakhale nkhondo yapachiweniweni, osati kuopa imfa, molimba kuyang'ana nkhope yake. Ukhalebe chokumbukira anzake amene amasonyeza zapadera mtima Surkov.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, wolemba ndakatulo zafalitsa ndakatulo zabwino zambiri. Ndipo kunali ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, "Nyimbo ya zokometsera wa Moscow", "Palibe mmodzi sitepe kumbuyo" "Nyimbo ya wolimba", "ndakatulo ya udani."

Komabe, Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich, amene ndakatulo kupuma chidani cha mdani ndi chikhulupiriro mu chigonjetso cha anthu Soviet, anakhalabe kukumbukira anthu ambiri monga woyambitsa ndakatulo imodzi yokha wokongola, amene anadzakhala nyimbo wowerengeka.

Tiuzeni mwachidule za mbiri ya ndakatulo imeneyi.

chaluso wolemba ndakatulo ndi

Tsopano ife tonse tikudziwa ntchitoyi ndakatulo "Mu pa bwato la." "Kumenya mu pafupi mbaula moto ..." - amene sakudziwa masiku awa otchuka?

ndakatulo linalembedwa ndi mlembi m'masiku lowopsya la chitetezo wa Moscow ndi usiku, pamene mdani akhoza kuoneka zoyang'anira awo nsanja ndi domes a boma la Russia. Anavulazidwa ndi akufa nambala yaikulu asilikali imfa kuyembekezera kulikonse (chifukwa ndi mawu mu ndakatuloyi kuti aphedwe, masitepe 4 basi).

Komabe, ndakatulo iyi si za imfa, koma za moyo. Iwo lodzala ndi chikondi kwa mkazi ndi chiyembekezo tikawaone. Mu ndakatulo imeneyi imachitika zithunzi ziwiri: amayi Earth, amene kugwedeza mchikuta ndi mwanayo, kuganizira za mwamuna wake, limene lili kutsogolo, ndi Mama, amene akulira maliro akufa la ana awo onse.

The ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo ndi anatumiza kwa mkazi wake, pokhala achoke ndi mwana wake, msilikali losavuta envelopu-makona.

Pamene ntchitoyo linasindikizidwa, anthu monga otchuka monga mzere anzawo ndi ena Surkov ndakatulo Konstantin Simonov, amene analemba kutsogolo kwa mkazi wake, Valentin Serov yotchuka mzere, "Dikirani kwa ine ...."

Mwa njira, zinali Surkov, Simonov odzipereka ndakatulo yake yotchuka, "Kodi inu mukukumbukira, Alyosha ....".

nkhondo itatha,

Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich maphunziro nkhondo mu 1945 monga msilikali wamkulu. Iye walemba, lofalitsidwa ndi mndandanda wa ndakatulo za chigonjetso.

Nkhondo itatha, wolemba ndakatulo anapitirizabe ntchito yake zolembalemba monga "Ogonyok" magazini mkonzi komanso mabuku ena ambiri. Iye anaphunzitsa pa Institute of Literature, lofalitsidwa ndakatulo ya Russian ndi ndakatulo Soviet.

Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich, amene ntchito zikuphatikizapo 20 mabuku a ndakatulo, chiwerengero chachikulu cha nkhani zotsutsa zolembalemba, akwaniritsa kutchuka weniweni. Iye anapatsidwa udindo wa Hero wa Socialist Labor, iye anali wopambana awiri mphoto Stalin. Surkov lakwaniritsa pamwamba kwambiri ndi mu utsogoleri Communist Party. Iye wakhala akuchita ntchito ndale.

Anzawo mu msonkhano zolembalemba m'njira zosiyanasiyana imawunikidwa cholowa chake luso ndi zinthu zosangalatsa. Ena mwa iwo anali anthu amene amatchedwa Surkov chipani functionary, koma panali anthu kumvetsa lyricism za ndakatulo zake, ine ndikuganiza kwenikweni wolemba.

Wolemba ndakatulo anafa, kufika 83 chikumbutso. Iye anaikidwa mu manda Novodevichy.

chilengedwe mtengo

Zaka zambiri zadutsa chichitikireni imfa ya Surkov. Iwo anasintha dongosolo umoyo ndale zasintha ndi dziko palokha. Zambiri wawaiwala, zinthu zambiri alandira rethinking.

Koma dzina la Surkov kudziwa lero kuti anthu ambiri ku Russia chifukwa kamodzi munthu uyu analemba mizere zodabwitsa za ndakatulo za mtima ndi kukonda dziko lonse amadziwa: "kumenya mu pafupi mbaula moto ...". Ndipo ife nthawizonse timafuna kuyimba nyimbo iyi ndi kudabwa ndi kukongola ndi kudzipereka.