Ali kupenta "Mona Lisa" (La Gioconda)

Mbiri ya kupenta "Mona Lisa" nkhawa osati mbadwo umodzi anthu. Leonardo da Vinci anayamba ntchito mwaluso wake wosafa pafupifupi 1503. chithunzicho anajambula chithunzi cha mkazi wa Florence wolemera dzina lake Francesco Giocondo. Mtsikana wina dzina lake Mona Lisa. Chachiwiri dzina zojambula - "La Gioconda" - ngati omvera pafupi onse. Kale m'nthawi anayamikira chithunzi katswiri mlingo wokweretsa. Image kutchuka kunali kwakukulu moti m'tsogolo kulemba wake zinalembedwa nthano ndi kuika patsogolo ziphunzitso zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi izo zikuwoneka

ndi "Mona Lisa" ndi chiyani? Kufotokozera monga chilengedwe wosafa ali miyeso ya 77 ndi 53 masentimita Chithunzi mafuta olembedwa pa whiteboard ku popula .. Iwo akunena mkazi amene wakhala pa mpando. Ndi ili mu malo a. Mu chithunzi chake cha azionerera Akuyandikira maonekedwe - zachilendo kwake, nthawi zonse oyang'anira tione ankaganiza kuti chimachokera nzeru ndi chifuniro. Koma chithunzi woposa ngakhale otchuka padziko lonse Mona Lisa kumwetulira. Iye sakonda amaonekera, ndi tanthauzo lake Zikuoneka kuti amalowetsa kuchokera munthu amene amaona chithunzi. Ndi elusiveness zikusonyeza chifaniziro cha chinthu kuti amalenga adakhumba kusuzumiramo mobwerezabwereza.

Mu zojambulajambula pali zithunzi ochepa kwambiri kuti angayerekezedwe ndi "Mona Lisa" Mphamvu ya anthu umunthu akuti anadutsa ku umodzi wa nzeru ndi khalidwe. Ali kupenta "Mona Lisa," Mzimu wa chinsinsi ndi chosamvetsetseka. Wotchuka chithunzi cha da Vinci ndi chosiyana ndi ena okhala zithunzi zonse za Quattrocento nthawi zapadera aluntha mlandu.

Kuchokera "Mona Lisa" limachokera mphamvu, chomwe ndi osakaniza organic kuopa ufulu ndi chilango lamkati. Kumwetulira mkazi zosatheka amapereka kunyalanyaza kapena kuposa iwo. Iwo amaona kuti chifukwa cha wathunthu kudziletsa ndi bata azidzidalira.

World kutchuka

"Mona Lisa" (pachiyambi) ingakhale nthawi yaitali zodziwika kokha kwa chipangizo ndi connoisseur luso labwino, ngati sichinachitikepo Nkhani chodabwitsa, zimene zinabweretsa dziko wotchuka ukonde kutchuka.

Kuyambira chiyambi cha mwaluso XVI m'ma amapulumutsa m'chigawo achifumu. Apa iye anali chifukwa Francis Ine, amene anagula pambuyo pa imfa ya Leonardo. Mu 1793, fano anaikidwa mu Louvre. Ambiri amadziwa m'nyumbayi monga kumene kupenta "Mona Lisa". Koma funso tsopano si za izo.

Choncho, "Mona Lisa" anali mwaluso kwambiri m'dziko ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala yekha mu Louvre. Mu 1911 (21 August) ku m'nyumbayi Vincenzo Perugia, katswiri wa kalirole ku Italy anaba chithunzi. Ndithudi palibe wina ndi chiyani sakwanitsa kupeza cholinga chenicheni cha upandu ndi mumpanduko. Mwina Vincenzo anafuna kuti abwerere pachithunzipa kwawo mbiri. Patatha zaka ziwiri mu Italy, kupenta anapezeka. Azindikire chithunzi anathandiza yekha Perugia, iye anachita malonda nyuzipepala, ndipo anaganiza kugulitsa "Mona Lisa." Kumayambiriro kwa January 1914, "Mona Lisa" anabwerera ku Louvre.

Munthu chinsinsi

Kovuta kuzindikira dona za pa chinsalu cha. Pa nthawiyi, iwo anapereka malingaliro ambiri maganizo. Akatswiri kutsutsana. Otsatira ziphunzitso zosiyana kuika patsogolo mfundo zotsatirazi za chizindikiro cha Mona Lisa: ena a iwo amakhulupirira kuti Isabella a Este. The chachiwiri - kuti chithunzi cha mnyamata zovala mkazi. Ena amakonda chakuti ndi mkazi wa mfulu Florence del Giocondo. Iwo amati wamba abwino msungwana, kapena anu okha-chithunzi cha da Vinci.

Chinsinsi cha "Mona Lisa" akadali osadziwika lero. Mu 1517, mbuye wamkulu anapita Cardinal Louis wa Aragon. Mlembi wansembe wamkulu anafotokoza msonkhano. Iye analemba kuti Leonardo da Vinci, Louis anasonyeza atatu a zojambula wake. Pa wina anali chithunzi cha Florence dona, lomwe linalembedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha pempho la Dzhuliano Medichi. Wachiwiri akuonetsedwa nkhope wachichepere Ioanna Krestitelya. The kupenta lachitatu anatembenuka chithunzi cha St. Anne ndi Mariya ndi Yesu wakhanda.

Olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti anali Florence dona Mona Lisa. Koma mwina zinali ndi chithunzi wina, amene palibe makope kumanzere, ndipo ngakhale umboni. Choncho, Medici sanathe chochita ndi "Mona Lisa."

Pezani chithunzi

Ali kupenta "Mona Lisa" amadziwika kuti anthu onse okhala padziko lathuli. Iye anamusungira mu Louvre. Aliyense wa anatchulapo owonetsera zakale amatsogolera enieni njanji imeneyi. Japanese TV mu nyumba yachifumu anagula amasimba za chipinda lonse. Ndi fano yokha yokutidwa wandiweyani zida. Pafupi chithunzi ndi nthawi awiri alonda, pano iri yofulumira alendo ambiri. "Mona Lisa" inu mukhoza kuwona mu Louvre, ndi kwina kulikonse. Pakati pa mwalusocho atumwi wotsiriza kawiri kuchotsedwa nyumbayi, koma kasamalidwe bungwe anaganiza konse kunyamula "Mona Lisa" kupitirira. Gawo la Louvre, wotchedwa Denon (Denon), wachisanu ndi chiwiri holo ya kupenta ku Italy, akhoza kudzitama kuti pa khoma lake chagona pa nkhope ya akazi wotchuka m'mbiri ya luso.

Mumthunzi ndi mithunzi

Asayansi onse pa dziko lapansi silingathe kukhadzikika, kuyesera kumasulira zinsinsi za chithunzi "Mona Lisa" (m'nyumbayi, kumene icho chiri, pamwamba). Zaka zingapo zapitazo, iwo ayamba ntchito ya X-ray, pofuna kumvetsa mmene mbuye kulenga mithunzi pa lona wake. Filipp Uolter ndi anzake anaphunzira zojambula isanu ndi da Vinci, imene anali "La Gioconda". X-ray mpata kufufuza chithunzi, popanda kuwononga zigawo utoto.

Studies aona kuti Leonardo anali wotchuka mu tsiku luso la "sfumato". Iwo limachititsa kusalaza kusintha mtundu kapena mithunzi pa chinsalu cha.

Kupezeka kwambiri ozunguza Walter chinali chithunzi silingaone chala wosakwatiwa, kapena kupaka pa zala. Zonse zichitike ndithu chabe choncho kuonanso bwino "Mona Lisa" ndi amazipanga kovuta.

Asayansi apeza kuti Leonardo anali ndi luso kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo, kakakulu amene anali awiri okha micrometer phula ndi makulidwe okwana sanali kuposa 30-40 microns.

An mwaluso kwambiri

Zingati tsopano! "Mona Lisa"? mtengo wake si anatsimikiza banknotes. Koma lodziwika bwino "La Gioconda" analowa mu Guinness Book of Records monga pepala, ndi inshuwaransi ndi kuchuluka apamwamba. Mu 1962, izo anakwana madola miliyoni zana. Koma lero Louvre akapeza ndalama osati pa inshuwalansi, koma osamala. Mogwirizana ndi kufufuma chinachitika mu 2006, ndalamazo anali ofanana anayenera madola US miliyoni 670. Motero, fanizo la Mona Lisa ndi chithunzi cha mtengo kwambiri mu dziko.

chinsinsi A

"Mona Lisa" mulu wa mafunso. Mmodzi wa iwo - chake akazi palibe nsidze. Mapeto a XV wa - chiyambi cha m'ma lotsatira, amadziwika mafashoni ndiye linali kotheratu nsidze. Choncho, tinganene kuti dona za pa chinsalu cha kenako mumaganiza onse kalembedwe, ndi chifukwa nsidze ake adalimkubudula. Koma katswiri wa ku France wa Pascal Côte ananenetsa kuti nsidze ake anali.

Kugwiritsa ultramodern sikana ofufuza anapanga buku la zojambulajambula, amene anasonyeza kuda nsidze. Pascal kuonetsetsa kuti zikwapu izi poyambirira, koma kenako zidzachotsedwa.

The zifukwa akhoza kufunafuna mwakhama cholinga kusunga mwaluso. Kwa zaka zisanu, chinsalu kaŵirikaŵiri kutsukidwa, ndi chifukwa zinthu pang'ono, mosavuta zidzachotsedwa.

Atalephera ankafuna kukonzanso "Mona Lisa" umatchedwanso Kote monga "imfa" wa nsidze. Koma si bwino mmene onse mofanana iwo zikhoza kutha kwathunthu.

diso chimodzi

Kodi kupenta "Mona Lisa" kale kudziwika kwa owerenga. Ndipo, mwinamwake, aliyense amafuna kamodzi pa moyo wake, chapatali, koma kuona loyambirira, lomwe anagonjetsa dziko. chithunzi akugwirizira zinsinsi zambiri ndi masamu, izo sangathe osati pofuna kuthetsa mmodzi wa iwo. Koma si zotheka kwa wina aliyense. Onse zodziwika kokha kwa Leonardo, amene anawatenga naye, kusiya m'mibadwo yanu mkuluwiko ndi moyo wake kwambiri mwaluso.