France Mfumu Francis 1

1 Francis Valois analamulira boma lake kwa zaka 32. Kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa chikondi chake luso, anafika ku France pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyo titsatire malamulo ake m'banja wachita kwambiri analimbitsa mbali absolutist wa ufumu. Linazunza mfumuyu maganizo ndiponso khalidwe lake la bolodi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

ubwana

Francis anabadwa pa September 12, 1494. Mwana wa Charles wa Angouleme Louise wa Savoy anakhala ubwana wake onse Nyumbayi makolo ili m'tauni yaing'ono ya mowa wamphesa, pafupi Bordeaux. Tsogolo mfumu ya France anaphunzira chomwecho ndi maphunziro, monga womveka mbadwa za nthawi akudziwa pang'ono za mbiri ndi madera, koma kuwadziwa bwino nthano, mwaluso kuchinga ndi kukwera mahatchi.

Pamene iye anali khumi ndi ziwiri, wopalidwa ubwenzi wake ndi mkwatibwi 7 wazaka, mwana wamkazi wa Louis ndi wolowa kwa Duchy la Brittany, ndipo zaka 2 zitachitika izi, anasiya loko makolo kuti Paris. Mu 1514, analowa m'banja chomveka. Claude - mkazi woyamba wa Francis 1 - anam'berekera ana asanu, amene anadzakhala Mfumu Henry II. ukwati yachiwiri Ndizachidziwikire pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake woyamba, ndi mlongo wake K. Habsburg, Eleanor.

1515: France

Francis 1 monga mfumu yatsopano anakwera mpandowachifumu pa January 1, 1515. Kodi kudza kwa ulamuliro mwachuluka amadalira ake a m'banja la Valois, koma wokulirapo ndipo, munthu anganene, ndi zoopsa chinthu, koma anali ngati mphamvu ndi ogwira ntchito a mayi wake wofuna - Louise wa Savoy.

Pambuyo pa imfa yadzidzidzi ya Mfumu Charles XIII chiyembekezo kuti adzatenga wachifumu yopanda Francis, monga mfumu mochedwa anali wopanda mwana. Komabe, korona wadutsa mu manja a Duke wa Orleans, amadziwika pansi pa dzina la Louis XII, amenenso panthawiyo kuti analibe ana. Mwana wa Louise wa Savoy, mu nkhani iyi, anali kutenga udindo wa Dauphin, T. E. Chisoti Prince. Ndipo zimenezi kunali koyenera kuti alande za duchy wa Orleans, izo zikanakhala molondola manowa kwa Francis ine ndikukhumba iwo vutolo.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Louis XII pa nthawi imeneyo ndinangowasiya zaka 36, ndi wolowa nyumba, iye analekana mkazi wake woyamba, amene sanathe ndi ana. Kenako yomweyo anakwatira kumvutitsa Bretonskoy, amene anatha kumupatsa aakazi awiri okha. Motero, ndipo mfumu imeneyi anali opanda wolowa nyumba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Woyesana waukulu wachifumu achifumu anakhala Francis 1, amene mayi anayamba kukonza pasadakhale ntchito imeneyi. Mwa njira, ndiye iye amene anali pafupi mlangizi wake wamkulu pa nkhani zandale.

Mumpanda m'mayiko Chitaliyana

Wadutsa chaka chimodzi chokha pambuyo inalowa la mfumu yatsopano ku mpando wachifumu, chikhalidwe chake amakani anayamba kutuluka kwathunthu. Francis agumanikanambo anyankhondo wake ndi kuyenda kulowera ku Italy, kugonjetsa phiri chikudutsa. masiku asanu inatenga ndime akhakula mwa Alps, asilikali ake amene anapirira manja a mfuti kwenikweni.

Kutsika m'phirimo, magulu French Nthawi yomweyo ineyo Piedmont, kenako Genoa. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mpaka 1 Francis palibe amene wakwanitsa kugonjetsa Alps mu njira iyi. Choncho, kwa Italy zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri, pamene mwadzidzidzi panali French asilikali kutsogolo zipata za Milan. ndi zokometsera sanasiye kuthamanga lawolo, ndipo posakhalitsa anagwa Milan. "Mtendere Wamuyaya" anali anamaliza kumapeto kwa 1516. Malinga ndi chikalatacho, Mfumu Maximilian, ndi Papa Leo X anazindikira ulamuliro wa Francis, kenako analandira udindo wa mkulu wa Duchy wa Milan.

ukapolo

Vuto ndi adani a m'mayiko Italy Francis 1 sanali mdani wake wosatha, Charles V la Habsburg, amene anakhala mu 1519 wolamulira wa Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma. Iye anali ndi zolinga zina kwa malo amenewa. Tsopano Charles V ndi asilikali ake anawoloka Alps ndi pafupi Milan. Ziŵiri zotsutsana makamu 30000th anakumana nkhondo pafupi Pavia. Apa French anagonjetsedwa. Zotsala za Francis 1 athawa, ndipo mfumu nayonso analandidwa ndipo anamangidwa mu nsanja ya chinyumba wa Madrid.

Icho chinali chaka chathunthu zisanafike inagulidwa, koma pamaso panu apite, ndi Habsburg mfumu anakakamizika kulemba chikalata cha French, pamene iye anazindikira kuti udindo wonse wa Charles V pa kale atagonjetsa madera awo dziko la Italy. Komabe, kamodzi kunyumba, Francis anati zinasaina pangano pa chipsinjo chachikulu. Choncho, mwamsanga pofuna wina kundipatsa asankhidwa m'dziko la adani, koma, ngati inu mukudziwa, kudali kanthu. Pomaliza, mu 1530, anapanga kuyandikana ndi mdani wake wakale Habsburg, kukwatira mlongo wake Eleanor, monga mwa nthawi imeneyi mkazi wake woyamba Claude wamwalira. Kenako unakhala pansi ndipo anayamba kukhala mu kukoma mtima kwake, atetezedwe anthu a luso.

mfundo zoweta

Ngongole yaikulu kukhala ogwira ambiri ndi akumenya nkhondo analamulanso mfumuyo French pawiri kuchuluka kwa misonkho achisangalalo ena zaluso yemwe akanati kenako adzatchedwa mbali khalidwe la "kuti lakale". Pano tili mu malingaliro omwe anakhala atchukitsa mchitidwe kugulitsa udindo, komanso zikamera ndi maganizo "ngongole boma", umene umaonekera rents wa oyang'anira tauni. Panthawi imeneyi, amazipanga adakula udindo wa nduna za chuma, ndipo pambuyo womutsata, ndi kulimbitsa akuluakulu kulamulira kwa zochita zawo, amene nthawi zonse kuwaopseza ndi kupondereza izi.

Korol Frantsisk 1 zonse zofuna mfundo yolimbikitsa ndalama zake, zomwe kuchepetsa katundu wa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ankalimbikitsa ndi malonda zoweta ndi achilendo. Komanso, pamene panyanja ulendo molamulidwa ndi Jacques Cartier zinachitikadi, umene 1534 mpaka pamene atulukira Canada.

Pamene Francis 1 Analeredwa ndi lamulo yaitali, chimene chinafika mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, yolembedwa mu Villers-Cotterets mu 1539, amene anali wokhoza streamline ndi pogwirizanitsa dongosolo milandu. Mfumu mwanjira mosadziwika nthawizonse ndakhala ndiri wokhoza kunena yekha, pamene bwinobwino kugonjetsa mitundu yambiri ya kukana, monga kugalukira a m'tauni mu Lyon (1529) ndi La Rochelle (1542), komanso kutsutsa ena ku chitsutso aphungu ndi yunivesite. Pofuna kutsimikizira anthu amene amatsutsa maganizo ake, Francis anasangalala njira osati utsogoleri-malamulo, ndi njira ndale, zimene zinaphatikizapo nkhani, kuwaopseza, zokambirana, mu maphunzirowa anali ngakhale ophiphiritsa manja ndi aya munthu mfumu.

zaluso

Francis 1 anali mfumu yomaliza ya woyendayenda otchedwa. khoti analipo anthu kawiri monga ambiri kuposa zinali pansi pa mfumu ya m'mbuyomu. Chiwerengero cha bwalo anafika zikwi. Tinayenda 18 zikwi akavalo kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri. Komanso, pabwalo n'chofunikanso mu zipinda, choncho anali wokongola kwambiri inapita patsogolo yomanga nyumba zachifumu latsopano, ambiri mwa zili Fontainebleau ndi pa magombe a pa Loire Mtsinje.

Zonse mu moyo, ndale French Mfumu Francis 1 tcheru kwambiri ndi luso losiyanasiyana, monga chosema ndi kupenta. Iye anachita zimenezi osati chifukwa cha chikondi cha kukongola, koma chifaniziro chake Mafumu, komanso mabodza nkhondo ndi banja lolamulira la Habsburg. Masiku ano, khoti ndiye French zingaoneke mofananira kwa zisudzo za chotheka, chifukwa chakuti ambiri nyumba anali chokongoletsedwa ndi zifaniziro maliseche milungu wakale. Sam Francis 1 analolera anamufanizira amati ndi Mars - mulungu wa nkhondo.

Pamene iye anali

M'nthawi mfumu nthawi zonse anatchula mwachindunji kaimidwe wake otchuka, kukula kwa thupi, othamanga wamtali (za 180 cm), kulimba mtima komanso kwambiri tcheru maganizo. Iye anali wandale kwambiri amene amadziwa anazungulira yekha ndi alangizi aluso, monga Cardinal de A Tournon, Antuan Dyupra, Gilom Dyu Bellay, ndi ena. Ngakhale kuti Francis 1 Nthawi zambiri mkwiyo, iye anali wachisomo ndithu mfumu poyerekeza ndi ena, amene analamulira dziko pamaso ndipo pambuyo pake.

zotsutsana umunthu

Ambivalence mbiri ya munthu wa mfumu ndi mfundo angatsutse. Pa dzanja limodzi, Francis 1, Mfumu ya France, amene analamulira kuyambira 1515 mpaka 1547, anali msilikali wabwino ndi Knight weniweni, zaluso, imene nthawi ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pamene anakoka ku khoti masikolala, oimba ndi ojambula zithunzi. Pa zina - wasangalala kulimbana ndi anafuna angagwirizanitse chuma chake m'mayiko Italy.

Kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wa anthu ake okondedwa, ndipo pa mapeto a moyo wake anaganiza kuti kuzunza ampatuko. Inali nthawi French wake anatentha moto woyamba wa kusaka, zimene zinachititsa Achiprotestanti kuthawa kuchoka mwankhanza Chimonko obscurantist, akutali dziko.