Amene analemba "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - buku. Ngwazi za buku la "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"

Zikwi khumi masamba pamanja (izo apangidwe umodzi pa magazini ina 6-7 la Baibulo), ngakhale mu buku la 60 masamba typewritten drafts waukali ndiponso mavesi unpublished anafotokoza kuipidwa mbiri nthawi zinatenga zaka 15, anthu oposa 500, ndipo ambiri a iwo achotsedwa mwatsatanetsatane .... Ndipo izi zonse kwa zaka zisanu zotsatizana pogwira ntchito ya kalavulagaga. Choncho anabadwa namatetule ntchito Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo - buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere".

mankhwala ali sanalembedwe mu mpweya chomwecho. Author pamanja rewriting buku maulendo asanu ndi atatu. A nkhani disjointed anali kukonzedwa kuposa nthawi khumi. Ndipo ngakhale Tolstoy sanapite mtima kwambiri chilengedwe chake, "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - buku limene n'kutamandidwa mayiko atangochoka kulifalitsa. Ndipo lero kale m'zinenero 40.

Amene analemba "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"?

Yankho A kuti lili yekha dzina ndi dzina la wolemba, adzakhala lackluster ndi moona, uninformative. Ndi chachilendo kukweza chotchinga cha umunthu chinsinsi wolemba, amene m'masiku ake anali kuiona ngati wolemba kwambiri ndi nzeru zapamwamba, osati dziko lawo, komanso akutali malire ake.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, sangathe kunyalanyaza chenicheni prelyubopytny - motengera ntchito ya Tolstoy wamng'ono, Mohandas Gandhi, yemwe anadzakhala abwana ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu ufulu Indian kwa Ufumu wa Britain. malo Tolstoy a poyerekezera ndi kulimbana zosayenera zoipa mwa chiwawa anapeza Echo mu mtima wa achinyamata Indian. Ndipo patapita zaka, iye anatha kukwaniritsa kuzindikira mfundo imeneyi mu chowonadi.

Chidwi Little Mumadziwika Mfundo

Tolstoy anali ndithu pa juga. Amene analemba "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", pomwe pali zochitika losaiwalika limene Nicholas Rostov akutaya ndalama zambiri pa makadi, iye asaluza mmodzi wa nyumba yake yaikulu ya Manor lapansi. Komanso, mwini sikunali aulesi kwambiri disassemble kapangidwe ndi kubweretsa chuma chake.

Ndipo Tolstoy anayambitsa chipembedzo chake. otsatira ake mwakhama anafuna kulinyamula anthu osalakwa misa. Zikhulupiriro zikuluzikulu za ziphunzitso anali chikhululukiro, kukana zonse iliyonse a nkhondo (mpaka kukana kuchita kuloŵa usilikali) ndi ungwiro m'makhalidwe.

Werengerani Tolstoy yekha Ndipotu anafuna kukhala moyo wosalira zambiri. Iye anakana kukopera (iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri), sanali kutenga Nobel Prize, ndipo ambiri ananena kuti amadana ndalama. Ndithudi, chithunzi zilipo limasonyeza kwambiri njira Russian wamba yosavuta, osati woimira otchuka woyengeka.

Kubadwa kwa ntchito wotchuka a kamangidwe

Zonse zinayamba kutuluka yaing'ono. Monga zaka zitatu asanabadwe amene analemba "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", izo zinali zabwino kwambiri kugalukira wa Decembrists. Leo, amene anachokera ku banja mfulu, kwenikweni anakulira nkhani zimenezi.

Zaka zapita. Ophunzira ena mu zokhumba analephera analoledwa kubwerera kunyumba kwawo. Tolstoy conceives kulemba nkhani ku ukapolo wa Decembrists banja. Malinga ndi cholinga chake, tiyenera akhala ndi Natasha Pierre Bezukhov. Masiku ano, lodziwika bwino kwa ife ngati ngwazi za buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere".

Komabe, kuganizira za tsogolo la Decembrists zambiri kunyamula wolemba nthawi ya chiwembu cha. Ndipo pa nthawi akutifikiranso mafunso ambiri: anachititsa anyamata zochita motere? ndi prerequisites kwa kusintha moyo wotani wothandiza? Kodi kuumba khalidwe la Decembrists m'tsogolo?

Kupita ku zingwe izi, Tolstoy kunadetsa kumizidwa mu mbiri ndi kusiya pa nthawi ya nkhondo Russia ndi Napoleon.

Ntchito pa buku la

kupenta mbiri, ulusi ndi ulusi wabweretsedwa kwa masamba a buku Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, kwenikweni abwino. Si mtundu wa amaona maziko, zimene akufotokozera masewera atchulidwa. M'malo zinachitikadi adatengedwa mwa mtsinje waukulu wa chikhalidwe, kuwachititsa kuchita zinthu mwa njira inayake.

Malowedwe mu dziko lamkati la mapangidwe khalidwe lawo - ndicho chimene iye ankafuna kukwaniritsa Tolstoy. "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - ikulongosola za zikuluzikulu Chipala mbiri pansi kulasa khalidwe chofooka kuphwanyaphwanya ndi kukhala amphamvu latsopano mawonekedwe ndi ntchito.

Per Bezuhov

Pamwamba khalidwe wolemba ntchito makamaka mosamala. buku Tolstoy a "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" kwathunthu kuulula mapangidwe khalidwe la Decembrists m'tsogolo. Umadutsa mayesero ambiri, makamaka aakulu maganizo nkhope kuperekedwa ndi chilungamo. Komabe, chimenecho chinali chinthu chachikulu wolemba sasiya kukhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kusintha dongosolo alipo.

Kuwonekera kumayambiriro chaputala zovuta akachite, kenako zikuoneka ngati munthu, mosavuta kutengera zochita iliyonse. Poyamba, ngakhale zodabwitsa kuti anzake munthu ndi Andrei Bolkonsky.

Ndiye, wowerenga akuyamba involuntarily chisoni mwakudzipereka kwa mnyamatayu. Ndi chitukuko cha chiwembu cha buku tikugwiritsa kwambiri Ufumuyo Pierre ndi kuyamba chisoni iye. Kuchokera bumpkin posachedwapa iye inasanduka mwamuna ndi mfundo zolimba. Ngakhale akupitiriza kufufuza malo ake, ndi kale chilichonse koma tikhoza kumangotsatira maganizo.

Yabata akamaliza wadutsamo Pierre Pierre amayang'ana kwambiri zachilendo Tolstoy zonse zimene sizikuyenda bwino. Koma musaiwale kuti wolemba ankafuna kubweretsa nkhani za kupanduka, ukapolo ndipo anayamba kubwerera. Komanso, buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Tolstoy linalembedwa pa nthawi mu moyo wosangalala m'banja la wolemba. Ndi maganizo ake sakanatha zimaonekera bukhu.

Natasha Rostova

Young Natasha - cholinga mosatonthozeka akuthovoka molunjika kuchokera pansi pa mphamvu zabwino za mtima. Iye ali mokondwera ndi lachibadwa. Ndipo nthawi tikuona ndi nthawi pamene zingatanthauze, anali oposa chivundikiro wamakhalidwe immediacy izi zimayenera ulemu. Komabe, achinyamata amakhala monyanyira, ndi ngwazi za buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" choncho amaoneka ife weniweni ndi moyo, kuti ife kuona mtima kwenikweni.

Kenako Komabe, lightheadedness, ankaimba ndi izo nthabwala wankhanza, pamene, ngati mkwatibwi akufuna kamodzi Prince Bolkonsky, Natasha amatenga chibwenzi Anatole Kuragin ndipo wavomera kuti kuthawa naye dziko. Koma kudzipereka chomwechi amalola Natasha Rostova kusunga ungwiro uwu wa moyo mwa moyo. Iye amalimbikitsa chifundo wake ndiponso kuthandiza ena. Ndipo Natasha kalasi zilibe kanthu. Ndime, pamene iye, mosazengereza, kupereka ngolo ndi kunyamula ovulala - chitsimikiziro bwino.

Andrey Bolkonsky

khalidwe - ndi chimake cha bata ndi chidziletso. Mwina wina zikuoneka yosasangalatsa, koma dziko mumtima palibe zochepa olemera kuposa yemweyo Pierre Pierre.

Andrew moyenera ndi cholinga. Inde, ngati zitumbuwa zina ntchito izi, zolinga zake mu kusintha Nkhani. Komabe, nthawi iliyonse, kutifotokozera zofunika zake ndi zilakolako zake, icho chikuchitira mosazengereza komanso concretely.

Achinyamata kalonga Bolkonsky kwambiri adaletsa ku chiwonetsero cha maganizo awo. Komabe, ngati tikumbukira khalidwe la bambo ake, zimaonekeratu kuti mwinamwake sindikanakhoza kukhala wolungama. Ndipo amene analemba "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", ankadziwa bwino. Pambuyo zinachitika Kalonga Nikolai Andreyevich Bolkonsky agogo anali ngati kunyumba Lva Tolstogo. Ndipo iye ankadziwa zinthu zimene ngwazi wake kukula. Mu ubwana, unyamata, ndipo akula Andrew, lotengeka ndi kulemekeza atate wake, iye anakhala chete ndi kusunga maganizo awo mkati mwake. Ngakhale sizinamulepheretse kuti maganizo ake.

Poyamba tikuona Andreya Bolkonskogo wofuna kwambiri kapitawo. Komabe, pa nkhondo wosaiwalika wa Austerlitz pafupi dongosolo lake mtengo ndi kopambana zinasinthidwa. Andrew ayesera kubwerera kwa achibale ake ndi kuti andipeze, koma moyo mosiyana amalowerera - mkazi wake wamwalira pobereka.

Lotsatira lalikulu anatembenukira mmoyo wake anali kukumana ndi Natashey Rostovoy. Iye anaona kuti zimene umabisika m'nyumba - osati kunja kusalakwa akulembayo, koma chiyero cha mtundu wapachiyambi ndi wachifundo mtima. More zoopsa nkhonya kwa chinali chakuti iye analipira Kusakhulupirira ndi Mkwatibwi.

N'zoona kuti nzeru zake wokhululuka, Tolstoy amaika ukoma izi kukhala pa imfa Andrew. atikhululukire - si msonkho kwa chiphunzitso cha mpingo. wolemba anafotokoza m'malo ngati moyo otsalira. Ichi ndi chenicheni ndiponso yosatheka kumverera, amene amapatsa mtendere weniweni.

Nikolai Rostov

khalidwe lina positive. Ndi yosavuta ndi lotseguka, okhulupirika ndi oona mtima. Ndipo ichi si kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa izo. "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - buku limene Tolstoy anayesa kusonyeza makalasi onse a anthu. Koma Nikolai Rostov m'nkhani imeneyi - woimira yabwino adachiwona alonda wolemba ndi asilikali wamba.

sleepyhead

Iye poyamba kukankha mmbuyo mu mithunzi ndi malo awo mmadera Ndipo chiwembu cha buku la. Komabe, ngati inu Musiyeni kufufuza mosamala kwambiri, ndiye mmalo mwa wodzichepetsa imvi mbewa adzaoneka kutsogolo kwathu kwenikweni amphamvu chikhalidwe, sangathe asiye kukhulupirira anthu pafupi kwa iye chifukwa cha wosangalala.

"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - buku yankhoyi ifunika ku welenga

"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Tolstoy mobwerezabwereza anajambula. Kwa nthawi yoyamba filimu kanatuluka chidang'ambika 1913. Ntchitoyi unatengedwa otsogolera luso filimu anapezeka nyenyezi omveka dziko. Tiyenera kuvomereza, zotsatira zake zinali zochititsa chidwi.

Last filimu anatengera anaonekera mu 2007. Iyi ndi ntchito anzake a timu, zimene zinaphatikizapo oimira Italy, France, Germany, Russia ndi Poland. Wotsogolera kwenikweni anatha kupereka mzimu wa chi, ndi khalidwe.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna zimakhudzira kuti mwaluso mabuku dziko, akathyole buku ndi kumiza nokha mu dziko, zizipezeka kwa owerenga.