Amene anatulukira wanthambo? Mu chaka kodi ichi n'chiyani?

Maonekedwe a telegraphs anali yojambula ukadaulo. Ndi kotheka popereka chizindikiro chosiyana ndi mauthenga. chaka chimene anatulukira wanthambo? Mlembi wake ndi ndani? Dziwani kuti nkhaniyi.

imachokera

Munthu monga munthu chikhalidwe, nthawi zonse tiyenera kumalankhula ndi mtundu wawo. Ngakhale kalelo, kuchokera pamene yobweretsa anthu pamodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pali kufunika dongosolo alamu. Iye anadutsa uthenga, ndi kuchenjeza za ngozi.

Kotero, m'modzi wa njira wamkulu wa HIV chizindikiro mawu. Pa njira ya adani anachenjeza akutsanzira phokoso la chilengedwe, monga mbalame akulira, akadzidzi kukuwa. Sound mpweya ndi ntchito nyanga kapena zida zoimbira. Wina njira popereka chizindikiro - ndi moto. Iye ali mu nthawi yathu ingakhale yothandiza, ife tataya mu nkhalango osamva alendo.

Ndi chitukuko cha anthu, kuti anafunika waphindu ndi nzeru njira zosonyezera. Ndipo anaonekera. Kenako, yesani kupeza amene anatulukira wanthambo. Concept limatanthauza wanthambo kufala zikutanthauza kudzera njira kulankhula cha chizindikiro. njira zimenezi zingakhale mphepo kapena zingwe. Dzina akuti anapanga ku mawu a Chigiriki - ". Kulemba" tele ndi grapho, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "kutali" ndipo Mawu akuti "telefoni" ndi "Telex" ali ndi magwero ofanana.

Amene woyamba anatulukira wanthambo?

The wanthambo woyamba anali kuwala. Sizikudziwika amene anatulukira wanthambo. Kusindikizidwa nkhani za limagwirira anayamba kutuluka oyambirira ndithu. Koma pakati pa anthu amene anatulukira wanthambo, ndithudi ndi English wasayansi Hooke. anaonetsa mwamsanga 1684 chida chake. Pa mtima wa limagwirira ndi slider kapamwamba ndi mabwalo, amene ankatha kuona ochokera kutali.

Monga ntchito helio wanthambo kuwala. Choyamba unakhazikitsidwa mu 1778 pakati pa zoyang'anira za Greenwich ndi Paris. Helio nthawi zambiri ili miyendo itatu, ndipo mkati mwake anali ndi galasi laling'ono. chizindikiro imafalikira kudzera mwa Kunawala, limene analandira pamene chida ndi linapendekeka. Mlembi wa chipangizo kuli kovuta kuitana koma kuyambitsa anali otchuka usilikali, ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

semaphore

Mu 1792, ku France Klod Shapp anatulukira kuwala wanthambo ngati limagwirira heliograph. Mbendera kudzera mwa kuwala amene ankalankhula semaphore. Zingapo zofanana nyumba zitalizitali anaiika mukuuonawo mzake. Iwo anali semaphores, ndi anthu akuthamanga iwo.

Kale M'chaka cha 1794, pa njira ku Paris ku Lille okwerera 22 anaikidwa ndi semaphores. Pa kufala kwa chizindikiro zinatengera 2 Mphindi. dongosolo ma siginalo wakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Iwo posakhalitsa anamanga siteshoni ina. Mbendera imafalikira kwambiri molondola kwambiri kuposa nyumba ndi utsi wa chizindikiro.

Chappe anatulukira njira yapadera zizindikiro. Pa semaphore ndi horizontally anakonza n'kupanga. Kuyendetsa kapena amaphatikiza, iwo apanga chithunzi zina, aliyense wa Chofanana kalata zilembo. Mu mphindi imodzi, izo zikanakhala zotheka kusamutsa mawu awiri.

wanthambo Zamagetsi

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, ofufuza ndi woyamba akuphunzira katundu magetsi. lingaliro ndi ntchito kwa wanthambo ndi. Mu 1774, George Lesage atalenga electrostatic wanthambo. Kenako Samueli Semmering anatulukira njira electrochemical ndi thovu mpweya mkati.

Mu 1832, Paulo Schilling afika amene anatulukira wanthambo mu atomu. Mu silika ulusi zinapachikidwira asanu masingano maginito kuti kusuntha mkati coils n'zogwirizana waya. malangizo panopa anatsimikiza pa mbali iti singano maginito anagwidwa. Choka kungakhale makalata ndi manambala.

Kumbuyo kwa Schilling itatha panali mndandanda wa zoyambitsidwa zofanana ndi Gauss ndi Weber Germany, Angerezi Cook ndipo Watson. Koma setifiketi kwa wanthambo mu atomu tinapita kwa Samueli Morse, ngati iye sanali lophimba, ndi mtundu makina. Kenako, anayambitsa anabwera ndi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse malamulo mbendera - Morse code.

telautograph

Sayansi ku Scotland anasamukira zinthu zingapo patsogolo. Dzina lake Aleksandr Beyn anali woyamba amene anatulukira wanthambo, angathe kupatsira zithunzi. chipangizo anaonekera mu 1843 ndipo dzina lake "Chosololera". Iye amawaona kuti makolo a fax lapansi.

Chitaliyana Caselli amalenga ofanana ndi kuyambitsa Bane zida ndi kuyamba kuŵeta. Special zithunzi varnish kutengerapo kapena zojambula pa zojambulazo patsogolo. The makina zinthu angathe kuwaŵerenga ndi kuwapitirira pa pepala electrochemically. Kenako zitsanzo Chosololera ngakhale ntchito yopanga mapu.

opanda zingwe wanthambo

Mu 1895, mtundu zatsopano za wanthambo inaonekera Russia, wotchedwa "mkuntho chizindikiro". Amene anatulukira wanthambo mafoni? The zatsopano anali wotchuka wasayansi Alexander Popov. Cholinga chachikulu chinali kulembetsa limagwirira mphepo yomwe amapangira kutsogolo yamkuntho.

Ndipotu, anali wailesi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi optimizing chitsanzo cha loyamba "chizindikiro mkuntho" wakhala akwaniritsa kuti mbendera ndi encrypted Morse code, chinaperekedwa mwachindunji mu Zomverera ku mbali kulandira. Popov chipangizo wakhala bwinobwino ntchito kulankhulana pakati pa zombo ndi gombe. Ambiri ntchito mu zochitika asilikali.

Nyengo yatsopano

A siteji latsopano mu chitukuko cha telegraphs anabwera mu 1872, pambuyo Kutulukira Jean Bodo yamba kuletsa wanthambo. Uyamiko kwa Iye, kunakhala kotheka kutumiza mauthenga angapo mu njira imodzi.

Mu 1930, unit anamaliza Bodo dialers pa chimbale. Iwo anali ngati mawilo wathu mwachizolowezi kwa kuimba pa mafoni wamkulu. Tsopano mukhoza mwachindunji kukhudzana n'cholinga uthenga. chipangizo oterowo amatchedwa "Telex". M'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse ayamba kukhazikitsa machitidwe m'dziko lawo wolembetsa Kulumikizana. Intaneti amenewa anatuluka, monga Germany, UK, USA.

Panopa wanthambo anali akadali apo. Komabe, umisiri wotsogola akhala m'malo m'malo "retrosistem".