Kapangidwe ka lemba: mmene kulenga ndi kupanga lemba lovuta kuwerenga. Kukamba ndi zamalankhulidwe Kapangidwe ka lemba

mamiliyoni ambiri a malemba amabadwa tsiku lililonse. masamba pafupifupi akutsegula moti zimavuta gonjerani mlandu. Mamiliyoni a anthu kulemba zimene zinachitika mu zochitika za moyo, fotokozani chodabwitsa, kambilanani uthenga, gawo Othandiza, lofalitsidwa zoyankhulana, kulemba nkhani, kulemba ndakatulo, nkhani, mabuku, ndipo ngakhale mabuku. Izi si ndandanda ya zochita za anthu pa maukonde, koma pali chigawo wamba - nthawi zonse kumabweretsa malemba ndi kapangidwe kwambiri kapena zochepa mosamala calibrated.

Pali dongosolo la malemba, mosavuta adadziwa, koma palinso wina amene kuzindikira si yapafupi. Taganizirani mitundu ina ya zinthu lemba, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - azipereka malangizo pa chilengedwe cha chotero malemba, omwe ndi zosavuta ndipo mwamsanga kuwerenga kwambiri anazindikira.

Kapangidwe ka lemba. mitundu

Malinga ntchito zinthu structuring alili Mlengi. Osati olemba onse amatha kuchita izo, chifukwa izo likukhalira kuti malemba ena ngakhale diagonally anazindikira kwathunthu, pamene ena kusiya ndi musanjenso mawu m'chiganizo kupita ku tanthauzo lake. Kodi kuthetsa kusamvetsetsa chisokonezeko?

Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva wathunthu, kapangidwe ka lemba lagawidwa magawo angapo wosiyana ndi kutengedwera mu magawo. lemba ayenera kukhala chamutu kuti n'zosatheka kuphonya, ndi gawo lalikulu, monga ulamuliro, ogaŵikana ndime waphindu. Plus kwambiri pa khalidwe maganizo a omasulira ndi mndandanda. Phata mwina yake - mkati - lemba kapangidwe (kutengera ntchito anakumana ndi wolemba mu kufufuza).

Ngakhale mtsinje wa chikumbu ya Irish wolemba Joyce m'buku lake chidwi "Ulysses" mwakhama ndi momveka anamanga. Iwo ali dongosolo yake - zaluso analamula chisokonezo. Ndipo Mwachitsanzo, bizinesi lemba amafuna njira yosiyana mokonzekera. Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu alipo ndipo mitundu ya kulemba kalembedwe.

Kapangidwe mkati ndi mitundu yake

1. chigawo zomveka. Features: ndime iliyonse mkati tanthauzo lokhudzana ndi m'mbuyomo, mwachindunji kapena ayi, kupitiriza tanthauzo lake. atsogoleri othandiza nkhani, mafotokozedwe Mwachidule, chilichonse chimene akugwa pansi pa mawu akuti "ntchito mawu akuti", amakhala ndi nkhani, chigawo coherent. Mosakayikira, limeneli ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kulemba ndi malemba, ndi kuzindikira za iwo. Makamaka mosavuta pa njira iyi, kusanthula malemba komanso makamaka mofulumira anasankha mfundo zotsatirazi.

Mwachitsanzo, apa mu ndime yoyamba, wolemba anafotokoza mmene ntchito dongosolo zomveka wa chigawo malemba. The chachiwiri anatchulapo chitsanzo cha yomanga. Kenako tikambirana mtundu kutsatira dongosolo. Monga mukuonera, zonse ndi yosavuta. Kapangidwe zomveka lemba la likugwirizana ndipo akupitiriza wayamba mu ndime yoyamba ija.

2. pyramidal dongosolo. mtundu ndi khalidwe kulemba uthenga chakudya ndi uthenga zimatulutsa. Piramidi akutembenukira chadodolido chifukwa maziko ake yotakata, ndiye pachiyambi penipeni, wolemba amaika zinthu zonse zofunika. Komanso, mwachidule amapeza zinthu zosonyeza chofunikira.

Mfundo piramidi kukalowa kumathandiza owerenga kuphunzira bwino zofunika: kodi nkhaniyi kaya ndi chidwi, ngati inu mukufuna kuwerenga zina, kulowerera mu tsatanetsatane. Koma chinthu chidwi n'chakuti ngakhale wosuta atseka zenera pa zenera, lingaliro zofunika, kutanthauza kuti mawu onse a malonda, iye anali kale. Succinct, kumva, nkhani kwambiri mawu - chinsinsi bwino. Kunanenedwa kuti kunali kotheka kuti lembalo molondola. Ntchito anachita ndi Mlembi.

3. FAQ-dongosolo. Text a kalata ndi mmene kwambiri buku la kuyankhulana kapena mizati ndi mayankho kufunsa mafunso. Ndi zovuta kupeza logic ndi tanthauzo: mu ndime iliyonse pali awiri imodzi yokha - funso ndi yankho.

Kwenikweni amathandiza streamline malemba a kalata chipinda pa chiyambi cha zili ndi mfundo zambiri. Pankhaniyi, kuwerenga kwambiri a m'lemba zosafunika Sikuti, ndipo inu athanso kupeza mayankho a mafunso owerenga.

4. malonda dongosolo. Ntchito yaikulu kugulitsa ndi malonda buku ndi kugulitsa kapena kulimbikitsa. Muyenera kupeza yaifupi njira zotheka kuti zimene kasitomala angathe: ndi kuyitana, kulembetsa, kugula katundu kapena inalamula misonkhano. Izo kwa kapangidwe chifukwa Malemba malonda analengedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo malonda. Mwachitsanzo, AIDA. Amakhala wa magawo anayi, omwe amaonetsera makhalidwe zofunika zipangizo malemba. M'pofunika akuchenjeza kuti dongosolo si zochokera tanthauzo la mawu, aesthetics kapena kugwirizana. Apa ndi wapadera ndi zofunika kwambiri zotsatira zake. Kapangidwe ka malonda mawu potengera kuti.

5. Kapangidwe gulu. Njira imeneyi ndi khalidwe la amakhala. Nthawi zambiri, mwiniwakeyo woyamba kuuzidwa za chochitika (choncho ntchito ndi kapangidwe piramidi phunziro zolembalemba), kenako amauza maganizo ake pa nkhani kapena kusanthula, ndiko kumanga mutu, structuring izo sequentially.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo zimagwira muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri: tsatanetsatane uthenga, wothira kusanthula ndi nzeru homespun, amalenga chipwirikiti cha maganizo owerenga a.

6. dongosolo wachisokonezo. Chisokonezo chikuchitika pamene wolemba sakudziwa kukonza zinthu, ndipo ananena kuti ndi dongosolo la wolemba phunziro zolembalemba.

Komabe, anthu opha anzeru anazindikira kuti jumble m'maganizo mwa makasitomala ndi zina zothandiza kwambiri. Owerenga mochenjera akusocheretsa vuto la kusowa kunyoza anthu, makampani, ngakhale maboma - aliyense zonyoza zimayenda mophweka chakwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha dongosolo wachisokonezo cha m'malemba.

Kugawa mu ndime

wowerenga ayenera kukhala zovuta kuphunzira tanthauzo la lemba, kotero wosanjikiza lonse lagawidwa zidutswa angakwanitse zambiri diso. Chigawo kwambiri yaing'ono, komanso dissipates tcheru. Choncho, n'kofunika kuti kapangidwe zamalankhulidwe lemba si ong'ambika, kupita ku ndime kwa ndime.

Ndime ayenera kutsatira dongosolo onse a lemba, ngakhale iwo amasiyana mawonekedwe nadziwonetsera osiyanasiyana, monga funso ndi yankho, monga kupereka umodzi, ngati wosanjikiza limodzi la malemba monga mndandanda kapena monga mwa mawuwo a. Kumbukirani kuti tanthauzo sayenera chosemphana ngakhale ndime mwa njira iliyonse pambali. Ndi zoipa, ngati mu ntchito osankhidwa njira kusintha: kalembedwe, chinenero, mtundu wa ulaliki, ngakhale kuti ndime iliyonse ayenera kukhala woima unit wa tanthauzo.

zitsanzo

Apa molondola anapanga dongosolo la malemba sayansi mu ndime:

• Ndithu vuto wamba amene amapezeka mu ndondomeko - kudziwa mapeto a ntchito. Kuwulura yonse mutuwo - ntchito yaikulu, koma simungathe nachiyika pa kutsogolo. Kuchita zonse anaima ndipo Musataye nkhaniyi pafupi koma mudziwe tanthauzo, ntchito njira kudziwa vuto. Musanayambe, muyenera liyenera m'chiganizo chimodzi zonse ankatanthauza kuti anthu. Choncho, kapangidwe zomveka lemba la adzaoneka. Popanda vuto anasonyeza mwa ntchito zimakhala lofotokozera kapena buku woyenera.

Molondola anapeka dongosolo la lemba zolembalemba:

• Ivan, lotengeka ndi mphepo, mwamsanga akupita panjira. Kotero mwamsanga ntchentche kuti ngakhale mtambo mkulu pang'ono kusiya, kuyembekezera. Kuti angamuuze munthu, outstripping mphepo? Munthu clasped mano amphamvu, kokha tinatake tozungulira kusewera cheekbones lalitali, kuguba, akuguba. Pafupifupi akuthamanga. Osati mtambo amakumana naye, koma kwa otaika chikondi kupusa.

Ndipo zitsanzo ziwiri za ndime molakwa anamanga, lomwe linaphwanya dongosolo zamalankhulidwe lemba la:

• Muyenera kudziwa nthawi imene mapeto a ntchito, ndi mapulani ntchito. Ndondomeko kuphedwa ndi Kuwulura mitu zolinga kupewa zambiri retelling. Ndi chofunika si kulola yachokera. Nkofunikira zopanga vuto ndi dongosolo la malemba a chiweruzo chomwecho. Thamangani zonse anakonza - ntchito yaikulu.
• Mtambo Ivan anadikira panjira kulankhula za chikondi chake anataya. Koma Ivan anali kupita mofulumira kuti anamupeza mphepo. mano. Kodi iye ananena chiyani?

Ngakhale chitsanzo yamasika, ngakhale tanthauzo cilamulo bwinobwino asalandidwe. Pali ngakhale dongosolo ena a m'lemba buku zakonzedwa, koma osati sizinatchulidwe. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuti wowerenga angathe kupeza mfundo analakalaka mmene ndingathere yolankhulira, kuti alembe si wotopa nazo, osati zosokoneza.

kusanthula malemba

Nkofunika kusunga malamulo a Kusankha ndi yokonza dongosolo pansi pa pakamwa vuto lalikulu anafunsa ndi nkhaniyo. Text monga mankhwala watanthauzo wa kulankhula ayenera kukhala zogwirizana zamalankhulidwe ubwenzi ndi kukhala bwino diso chilolezo, chifukwa omwe ndi chifaniziro okhulupirika.

Kapangidwe ka malemba a Chirasha adzatenge chifaniziro cha ntchito, ndiko kuti, ayenera kukhala pansi ndi chinthu, mchitidwe weniweniwo, cholinga chachikulu, ndi njira zonse ntchito ndi zotsatira. The zikuchokera enieni a zigawo zikuluzikulu kusonyeza makhalidwe zotsatirazi: zili-structural zinchito ndi kulankhula.

Analysis lemba la akupitiriza magawo a micro- ndi makrosemantiki, micro- ndi macrostructure. Manenedwe kugwira ntchito kulankhula mu kufala kwa mfundo ndi dongosolo la Mzimuyo makhalidwe a bungwe mkati mayunitsi lemba. Kumathandiza mu ubale ndi dongosolo mayunitsi onse mmalire a chikalata lonse, uthenga umodzi.

Gulu kapangidwe ndi mkati

Ichi ndi structuring kunja wa chipanichi, chimene m'pofunika kumanga ziganizo, ndime, ndime, boma zigawo, chaputala, boma mitu, chapter, ndi zina zotero kuti akwera. Kapangidwe lakunja la lemba limeneli bwinobwino zogwirizana ndi uziyenda bwino lomwe limapezeka mwa malemba, ngati kumanga mlatho kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa epilogue lapansi.

Pangani mawu akhoza pomvera mawu a matabwa ake mkati, ndipo iwo:

• mawu (akufunazo ngati);
• mawu angapo kugwilizana ndi yapakati-mawu ogwirizana ndi ogwirizana chidutswa chimodzi ndipo ali syntactically ndi semantically;
• yapakati-akuti zidutswa angapo amene amapanga chipika ndi kulankhula mawu a wholeness ndi kugwirizana tanthauzo ndi lathu.

Mayunitsi a dongosolo syntactic ndi gulu zonse cholukanalukana. Izi zikutanthauza makhalidwe stylistic ndi kalembedwe lembalo. Anatsimikiza njira iyi ndi magwiridwe - Kodi ntchito imeneyi luso, sayansi ndi zina zotero. Komanso, alankhulane ali kuwonjezera makhalidwe stylistic ndi umunthu mlembi.

Kapangidwe ka lemba malonda

1. Mutu. Mu malo oyamba owerenga amamvetsera mchitidwe uwu. Ziyenera kukhala kumva, koma nkhani, choyambirira, tanthawuzo lolondola. A mutu wabwino amapereka chilakolako timudziwe bwino lemba chachikulu. Choncho zosinthika onse osankhidwa angapo analemba pa ntchito ndi malemba.

2. An koyambirira ndime. Iye n'kofunika kwambiri chandamale omvera, chifukwa chidwi ndi chidwi ndi mtsogolo. Chosangalatsa omveka kwambiri pano imafalikira zili lemba, koma yakeyi chifukwa chowerenga nkhani mpaka kumapeto. Ngati yoyenera, amaloledwa chibwenzi kumene, ngati muli ndi lingaliro la mchimake. Kufika pa kamangidwe ka mbali yoyambirira, muyenera kudziwa bwino ndi kasitomala kuthekera ndi zosowa zawo ndi mavuto, zosankha zawo zonse anali zimaonekera mizere woyamba.

ena zinsinsi

Kukhazikika bwino malamulo, nthawi zambiri mumtima, podziwa kuti, mukhoza kupewa zolakwa copywriters novice ndi rewriter. Akatswiri amachotsedwa ntchito platitudes monga "Welcome to sitolo yathu." ambuye Oona Sagwiritsira zinyalala kiyi mawu: zikunenedwa kuti atchule mu malemba mawu kanayi, ndiye wachisanu sadzatero. Posted by kuchuluka kwawo amakhala amazipanga wosasamala. Komanso, lembali amapereka owerenga chidaliro mu mankhwala malonda. "Direct" akhoza ndi adzaukitsa mlingo, koma anataya chidwi makasitomala. Wolemba zabwino sizidzabwera kulemba kale "Tolstoyan" slozhnosochinonnymi maganizo ndi kuchuluka ndi okhudzidwa ndi kunyozedwa participle mawu. Chonde dziwani kuti malonda malemba zambiri kuwerenga diagonally.

Ulamuliro zotsatirazi - palibe cliches zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yonse ya okhazikika bwino akuti ndi bwino kuiwala kwathunthu, kuti alenge polemba Baibulo.

zithunzi

Per otchulidwa chikwi, ndi zofunika kusankha fano. Ziyenera kukhala mosamalitsa thematic. kukula Image amusankha malinga ndi ntchito. Ngati chithunzi ndi monga nkhani ngati n'kotheka, kukula kwake lalikulu, ngati si - ndi zochepa.

Subtitle ndi ndime

Omasulira - zinthu limachokera pamaso kulemba mawu a dongosolo mwatsatanetsatane. Ndi bwino kusankha mungachite kuti amaudindo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu. Ndime ali okhutira waukulu lemba la mwachidule kujambula mapu ndi m'ndime yoyamba ija. Apa mfundo zonse zotchulidwa mfundo zogwirizana zochititsa chidwi mafanizo pamene kutchula ubwino nkhani malonda. Ndipo apa kukutaya, sindidzakutaya tanthauzo wolemba mofanana!

mndandanda

Bwino cholinga ndi ofotokozedwa wapangidwa, zimathandiza kuti auze:

• aliyense wa ubwino malonda chinthu;
• m'lifupi mwa imapanga operekedwa ndi mankhwala kapena utumiki;
• mndandanda wa osiyanasiyana mankhwala anapereka;
• makhalidwe poyerekeza ndi chosiyana khalidwe la item malonda;

Komanso, chinthu structural amathandizanso mu unyolo pa inalamula kapena kulembetsa.

Tisalole kupanga mndandanda:

• Gwiritsani ntchito mawu okha - fupa, popanda wapakamwa "nyama";
• pamaso pa maulalo ena;
• zikayamba pamene lonena;
• mudziwe zimamuchulukira ziganizo ndi ndime.

tebulo

Ndi zofunika ndiponso zothandiza kwambiri wothandizira. Bwino izo zikusonyeza makhalidwe poyerekeza patsogolo, amayambiranso, nyumba zazikulu lemba. Lembani, ndithudi, nkwapafupi, koma tebulo momveka. Zimakhala kwa nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale kuti chabe kudziŵitsa, amene, pamene, kumene Mwachitsanzo, anaganiza kuvala cufflink, ndi chovala, ndipo amene. Mu ndime awonetsa zosiyana amene amathandiza kusankha zambiri mu katundu zimene shopu mtengo, ndipo mukhoza kugula msanga izi.

Wofuna kugula

Ndipo apa ntchito bwino yochepa koma succinct mndandanda, tikuona kuti onse amene ali abwino kwambiri mu dziko, izo ndi inu. Ntchito yaikulu ya otsiriza nkhani - potsiriza kutsimikizira kasitomala kupeŵa kukayikira onse maumboni oonekera ndi modekha kubweretsa kusankha yekha zolondola. Ngati njira - kugwiritsa ntchito Echo-mawu, kubwereza waukulu lingaliro la malemba chachikulu, classically kumaliza ndi malonda nkhani.