Anagubuduza mphero: mbiri ndi gulu zamakono

A mphero anagubuduza monga chipangizo chifukwa zitsulo processing ndi zipangizo zina zingapo onsewo kuthamanga mayina anatchula ntchito za Leonardo da Vinci. Limagwirira wamkulu anafotokozedwa ndi mbuye kwambiri mu 1495, anafuna kuti mankhwala a malata. zipangizo anagubuduza kale ankagwiritsa ntchito za m'ma 17, komwe ankagwira ntchito pa maziko a actuators Buku, amene Kenako anasiya madzi (madzi gudumu), ndiyeno nthunzi. Masiku ano, zida yobwereka ndi pagalimoto Buku kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Chotsimikizika.

A mphero anagubuduza mbali ya zipangizo ali ndi thupi chachikulu (ntchito kumbali, amene angathe osiyanasiyana monga awiri masikono angapo, magetsi ndi zipangizo, mphamvu kufala kwa odzigudubuza a injini) ndi wothandiza (Zipangizo kusuntha workpieces, kudula awo, kuwongola, tilting, etc. ) .. Kapangidwe ka zida zenizeni Ufumuyo mtundu mankhwala, amene anawombola.

mankhwala adagulung'undisa, malingana ndi mtundu wa gawo mtanda m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

- paipi (kosatayana kapena kuchitidwa ndi kuwotcherera);

- adagulung'undisa pepala (woonda pepala kapena adagulung'undisa mbale (4 mm));

- adagulung'undisa (kumveka kapena mphako);

- wapadera anagubuduza (okhota C woboola pakati, ndi mbiri variable, etc.).

Mphero anagubuduza malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala awerenge limodzi la magulu awa: mapaipi, lento-, zhesteprokatnye, yapadera, pepala, waya, shtripsovye, burodibandi, apamwamba, crimping (makamaka ukufalikira), billet, pakubwezeretsa mphero. Zida za mtundu uwu ndi onenepa. Mwachitsanzo, kupatula mphero zing'onozing'ono ndi mamita khumi yaitali, ndipo zikuluzikulu tsiku buku la yaitali ali mamita 5,500 (wokwatibwa ndi "Anshen Andes Iron Zitsulo Gulu").

Gulu la mphero pa mbali kapangidwe motere:

- munthu wosakwatira (zikuchokera awo ndi crate, augmented Mwachitsanzo, asanu Motors magetsi, ukapolo asanu, gearboxes anayi nthandala atatu kukula zida ndi spindles awiri);

- liniya anagubuduza mphero (kuima imakonzedwa akutiakuti, nthawizina mu mizere angapo, mankhwala kukonzedwa mu njira imodzi);

- siriyo (angapo mphero osakwatiwa-kumbali anakonza sequentially kapena mtundu wina);

- mosalekeza (billet kukonzedwa imodzi mwa zingapo osayenera);

- theka-mosalekeza (pali zigawo mosalekeza ndi mbali liniya hardware).

Kodi komweko? Choyamba, chitsulo ingot ndi mkangano mu zitsime wapadera (kutentha za m'ma 1800 C), inatuluka kuti akukamba galimoto magetsi kwa processing chachikulu (mu ukufalikira kapena slabbing) mmene ingot ndi kuwapeza mipiringidzo. Lotsatira, wina ndi mzake zida mtundu mapepala anagubuduza zitsulo anakonza kapena chotsirizidwa mawonekedwe anakonzeratu, monga njanji, ndipo ena. Zida Modern zambiri ndi mphero kuponyera-anagubuduza kuti akhoza pokonza pa workpiece mu maguwa pa liwiro pafupifupi 300 kukafika pa ola limodzi.

Ulimi wa mphero anagubuduza ndi zovuta ndi ndalama zambiri, koma lero pali makampani Russia yotulutsa mankhwala amenewa. Kuwonjezera waukulu ndi wothandiza zida ntchito bwino za zovuta pamafunika zida mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane, zida kondomu, komanso kupereka magetsi kuti mphero ndi munkalowa wa 200-300 MW.