Nsomba Artisanal: tanthauzo, mitundu. Handicrafts

Artisanal nsomba - ndi polenga wapadera, ku lingaliro pachiyambi cha mankhwala ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo analenga manja mbuye.

Kodi ntchito ya zolemba munthu

Kuti kuchidziwa - mwayi woti chilengedwe wapadera, anaona maloto ake. Ndi mumzindawo ndi mosamala mapeto a chilichonse, moti pamapeto kunapezeka wangwiro.

Pakuti wogula izo - mwayi kugula mankhwala munthu wodzala ndi chikondi ndi moyo kukuwalirawalirabe, kusonyeza kuti asadziwe munthu amene anagula chinthu hendmeyd.

Mbiri ya zikamera lokhudza

Chotsimikizika ntchito anawonekera ndi zikamera wa munthu padziko lapansi. Zinthu zimene zinapangidwa, anali nthawi zonse anthu, koma munthu ngati mmene magwiridwe awo adafuna kuwonjezera chigawo zokongoletsa. Pamaziko a choyamba ichi zinayenda malamulo osalembedwa kuti akhala adutsa pansi kwa mbuye kuti kuphunzira. Best Unalimbitsa. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa ovomerezedwa m'dera ena. Mwambo anapatsira ku mibadwomibadwo, kusunga zinsinsi ndi maphikidwe. Artisanal nsomba kumeneko ndi mudzi ndi mudzi pamene Banja zonse anali kuchita zinthu wopita, kugwiritsa ntchito ziri njira yomweyo, koma kupanga maganizo awo kwambiri ngati mbali ya mwambo azikongoletsa kapena kusintha mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zinali zithumwa liziyenda chifukwa makolo athu kwenikweni ankakhulupirira mizimu. Iwo ananenanso zinthu mphamvu zawo zabwino, kuika moyo mu chilengedwe chake. Mu kuŵeta, palibe kanthu m'malo.

Timatheriyali Russia wakale

Mu m'tawuni posadas mpaka Mongol kuwukira blacksmiths opangidwa chitsulo ndi zitsulo zida, nkhwangwa, tchizulo, zikwakwa, maloko, makiyi. Jewelers zinapangidwa zitsulo sanali akakhala, zopangidwa ndi golide, siliva, mkuwa, ndi mkuwa zokongoletsa. Mu situdiyo ntchito yake weavers, oumba, stonemasons. Akatswiri ankachitira zikopa ndi ubweya, nkhuni. Choncho osauka nsomba artisanal mu nthawi chisanadze Mongol. Koma pambuyo nkhondo ya Batu zonse anawonongedwa, ndi amisiri ambiri chalanda mu ukapolo, ndi kwa zaka chitukuko ndayima kaye zamanja. Komabe, pang'onopang'ono ndipo imfa ndi luso ndi zinsinsi lokhudza anayamba kubwezeretsedwa, monga chikufunika ndi moyo.

Mitundu ya zamanja

Izi ndi mitundu ya anthu zojambulajambula, limene ndi kuoneka bwino national mwambo. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa:

• chojambula pa ziwiya zadothi, zitsulo, papier-mache, nkhuni;
• malonda nsalu, ndiye yosiyanasiyana bobbin zingwe, pansi, ndi utoto mipango;
• dongo ndipo matabwa zidole;
• zitsulo mankhwala - kuponyera, ndi filigree.

Malangizo amenewa munakhazikitsidwa nsomba zinawonongeka ku Russia. Tsopano mitundu imeneyi ya zilandiridwenso akhoza kuyezedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Gzhel

midzi twente-seveni pafupi Moscow anali eni chuma zachilengedwe - dongo miphika. Ndipo mbiya kupanga anayamba, akatswiri amatiuza za zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo. Zinali zovuta, ndi kwa mankhwala osavuta unglazed Anam'samutsira tazifotokoza ndi icing woyera, kenako utsi chitsanzo ndi okusayidi buluu cobalt. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yopangidwa kuchokera gologolo ubweya wa diameters osiyana. Zingapo mithunzi ya utoto chagwiritsidwa mbali imodzi ya burashi lapansi. Iwo limakupatsani kulenga ndi mdima, zimalimbikitsa mtundu m'madera ndi mithunzi kuwala. Ndi luso limene kuphunzitsa mu Gzhel. wojambula Ceramic si kupingasa tsitsi ndi kubwereza ndondomeko ndi umabala siginecha wapadera, amene swirls ndi zokongoletsera ndikungofuna.

Zhostovo

A m'mudzi pafupi Moscow, kumene pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri kujambula malata trays munda ndi maluwa akutchire pa wakuda kapena akuda maziko. wojambula analandira sewero, mwakuchita mlengi ndipo akuyamba ntchito ndi pakati, ndi kudzaza ndi maluwa lalikulu kuwala kodabwitsa. Ali zinsinsi zake kwa mabwana.

Fedoskino

mudzi uwu si kutali Moscow, kumene iye anajambula zifuwa ndi mabokosi zopangidwa papier-mache. Kakang'ono zojambula ndi mafuta utoto kuwala chodabwitsa. Amenewa analandira chifukwa pamwamba pamaso kupenta ntchito tsamba golide ndi mayi a ngale.

Khokhloma

Nkhani limanena kuti ndi ogwirizana maluso awiri - Kutembenuza vytachivanie mbale, mabokosi, spoons, Bratin ndi Old Okhulupirira zithunzi luso. The lokutidwa varnish "kabudula" mobwerezabwereza acimbadzoza zotayidwa ufa, ndiye pamanja popanda kubwereza chilichonse, utoto mafuta, ndiye kuphimba ndi zigawo zingapo varnish, ndi zouma mu ng'anjo. Kotero khalani golide Khokhloma.

zoumbaumba

Mbiya zamanja bwino ankaimira zidole dothi. Amachita m'madera ambiri m'dziko lathu. Makamaka wotchuka chifukwa ngati nsomba m'mudzi Dymkovo m'dera Kirov. M'dera Arkhangelsk mu Kargopol makampani chidole wakhala pa banja. Chithunzi chotchuka kwambiri Polkan - Fairy-nthano cholengedwa ngati galu ndi munthu epaulettes. M'mudzi wa dera Tula Filimonovo atsikana nzelu ku malikhweru dongo, kutolera ndalama za malowolo palokha, ndipo anthu anali kuchita mbale. Zidole popanda glaze (terracotta mu mawonekedwe woyera) akale anachita mu dera Stary Oskol Belgorod. zidole onse - ndi m'nyumba. Osanenapo, nyali, mitsuko, Kvasnikov, mafelemu kwa maola moto, amene analenga ulemerero wa dera Skopin Ryazan.

zingwe

Mu Russia, ofunika Vologda, Yelets ndi Mtsensk zingwe kuti nthawi zonse trailed bobbin. Ndi onse m'nyumba.

Kasli kuponyera

Mu Urals, mu Kasli kuponyedwa ndalama kodabwitsa chitsulo chosungunula. Atangotuluka zikhoza kugulidwa m'masitolo. Tsopano izi mankhwala lapadera, lomwe lidzakhalapo mpaka kalekale, mosamala mwatsatanetsatane mbisoweka ku maalumali, ndipo n'kutheka zopezeka mu masitolo.

Kupanga magulu ka mankhwala

Kapena china kuti angatchedwe mawu akuti "makampani kanyumba." Masiku ano, njira imeneyi anapanga zovala kusitolo, mwachitsanzo. Cottage makampani - izo ndi ntchito ya jewelers, opanga mipando. mtundu umenewu umaphatikizapo kulekana kwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu kupanga Zhostovo thireyi munthu wina okha trays wa mosiyanasiyana, ena kuphimba iwo ndi varnish, munthu akupereka. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika mu Gzhel, Khokhloma, Skopin, tatchulazi.

Russia ali wolemera kwambiri mu talente, njira oyambirira ndi mankhwala apamwamba m'nyumba.