Anna Akhmatova a "Requiem": a kuwunika mankhwala

Moyo wa ndakatulo iyi Chirasha inextricably zogwirizana ndi tsogolo la dziko lake. Mu ndakatulo yake ndi zosavuta kutsata, kumanga ndi omangika za ulamuliro wankhanza ndi zambiri amawapopa mantha. Zinali pa zaka zoopsa, ndipo ndakatulo lisanalengedwe, kumene onse Anna Akhmatova anatsegula - "Requiem". Analysis mankhwala kuyamba ndi kuyamba, pamene zinalembedwa. Kuyambira 1935 mpaka 1940. Panapita zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuonetsetsa kuti amalize ndakatulo, ndi chaka, mwezi ndi tsiku tinamwetsedwa wa chisoni ndi kuvutika.

Ndakatulo tichipeza machaputala osiyanasiyana, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi maganizo awo. Palinso epigraph, amene yoyamba Akhmatova a "Requiem". The kusanthula mizere ochepa kuwulula chifukwa Anna anakana mfundo emigration ku Russia. mawu "Ine ndinali ndi anthu anga, kumene anthu anga, mwatsoka, anali" mu waluntha mouma osonyeza chisoni kwa nthawi imeneyo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti epigraph linalembedwa zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi pambuyo ndakatuloyi, mu 1961, pambuyo "tate wa mitundu ya anthu" ya imfa.

Chapter "M'malo Mawu Oyamba ndi" komanso kunayamba 1957 .. Ndakatulo ankaona kuti mbadwo watsopano kuti sanaone tinkadziwa "Yezhov mantha" ndipo mantha nyengo Beria, nkhani akhala bwinobwino. Mwana wa Anna, Lva Gumilova, atatu anamangidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Koma osati za chisoni wake auza Akhmatova. "Requiem", kuwunika kuti zizichitidwa kuwulula zigawo kuya kwa poetics pa zaka zonsezi, limafotokoza nkhani ya phiri, "amene akulira anthu stomilonny."

Akhmatova mwamphamvu anayeza monga phokoso la maliro kulira mizere atamukoka chithunzi Soviet Union: amayi ambiri, akazi, alongo ndi akazi ataima queues zenera ndende kuti kupereka kwa okondedwa anu kamba artless, ndi zovala ofunda. Kalembedwe ndi kukula mu m'nyimbo kusintha mkombero: izo trehstopny anapaest, ndime mfulu, chetyrehstopnym ferrets. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa analenga Akhmatova a "Requiem". Analysis a ndakatulo imeneyi zimathandiza zikufanana mwachindunji ndi chidutswa cha nyimbo ndi Mozart, amene analemba nyimbo yoimba polira maliro ndi kasitomala osadziwika mu wakuda.

Monga "Requiem" namatetule Wolemba, mu ndakatuloyi anali kasitomala. Mutu wa "Kudzipereka" zinalembedwa prose. owerenga amaphunzira kuti zakazchitsa - "mayi ndi milomo buluu", ataima pamzera chimodzimodzi ndi Akhmatova mu Leningrad pa mtanda zenera. "Kudzipereka" ndi "kulowa" kachiwiri bwino kuchuluka kwa kupondereza chinapululutsa dziko: "Kodi bwenzi unwitting ... zaka mwankhanza?". Khumi chaputala wotsatira, ndipo amatchedwa "chiweruzo", "Kuti Imfa" ndi "pamtanda", kamodzinso kutsindika kuti ankafuna kulenga Akhmatova a "Requiem". Analysis wa maliro resonates ndi kukhudzika kwa Khristu ndi ufa mayi - mayi aliyense.

"Epilogue", umene umatha ndi mankhwala, n'kofunika kwambiri. Pali wolemba ndakatulo kamodzinso anati akazi ambiri ndi m'mbuyomu mwa mabwalo onse a gehena, ndi kuwapereka ngati pangano m'nyimbo: "Ngati konse mu dziko lino kuti amange anaima chipilala ine ... [msiyeni iye n'kuiika kutsogolo kwa« Kresty »m'ndende] pamene ine ndinaima kwa maola mazana atatu, amene sanatsegule mowa kwa ine. " Analysis a ndakatulo Akhmatova a ntchito amene kwa nthawi yaitali sanalembedwe pa pepala (chifukwa iwo akhoza kutera), koma kuti ankachita mtima, lomwe linasindikizidwa mu zonse lokha pa perestroika, limatiuza kuti ngati chifuniro cha ndakatulo si yakwanira ndipo chipilala izo sadzauka mu "mtanda" a Ulamuliro mthunzi adzakhala kukangamira pa dziko.