Anton Ivanovich Denikin: posachedwa biography, zopindulitsa

M'mbiri yonse ya dziko panali anthu ambiri otchuka komanso apamwamba. Munthu uyu ndi mtsogoleri wotchuka wa asilikali, komanso woyambitsa gulu lodzipereka, Anton Ivanovich Denikin. Mbiri yachidule ikhoza kukuuzani kuti iye anali wolemba bwino komanso wolemba bwino pazinthu zina. Munthu wodabwitsayu anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma la Russia.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Ophunzira ambiri m'masukulu okhudzana ndi chiwerengero chachikuluchi cha ku Russia anayamba kuphunzira ndi kufotokozera zomwe wapindula. Pafupifupi ubwana ndi chiyambi cha anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa. Mbiri yake yachidule imanena za izi. Anton Denikin anabadwira m'tauni ya m'chigawo cha Warsaw, kapena makamaka, m'midzi ya Wloclawsk. Chochitika chachikulu ichi chinachitika pa tsiku la December, tsiku lachinayi, mu 1872.

Bambo ake anali ochokera kumayiko ena ndipo kuyambira pamene anabadwa anaphunzitsa mwana wake kuti azikhulupirira chipembedzo. Kotero, ali ndi zaka zitatu, mnyamatayu anali atabatizidwa kale. Amayi a Anton anali Polish, chifukwa cha izi, Denikin anali bwino Chipolishi ndi Chirasha. Ndipo zaka zinayi, mosiyana ndi anzake, adatha kuwerenga bwino. Iye anali mnyamata wamphongo kwambiri ndipo kuyambira ali wamng'ono anali atatumikira kale pa guwa.

Sukulu yeniyeni ya Wroclaw ndi malo komwe Anton Ivanovich Denikin anaphunzira. Biography, mbiri ya moyo ndi zosiyana siyana zonena za msilikali uyu, kunena kuti ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu mnyamatayo anakakamizika kupeza chakudya chake ndi kuphunzitsa. Zaka zomwezo bambo ake anamwalira, ndipo banja lawo linayamba kukhala osauka.

Atamaliza maphunziro ake kusukulu, adalowa ku sukulu ya Kiev infantry, pambuyo pake adalandira udindo wachiwiri wonyenga.

Anton Ivanovich Denikin anali m'chigawo cha Sedlodsky. Nkhani yachidule ikufotokoza za kuti atatha maphunziro a Kiev School adasankha yekha malowa, popeza adatsimikizira kuti anali wophunzira wopambana pa maphunziro ake.

Kodi ntchito ya usilikali inayamba bwanji?

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1892, adatumikira m'gulu lachiwiri, ndipo mu 1902 adalandira kale udindo woweruza wamkulu ku likulu lakumayambiriro kwa chigawenga, ndipo kenako gulu limodzi la asilikali okwera pamahatchi.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, nkhondo zinayambira pakati pa mayiko a Russian ndi Japan, omwe Anton Ivanovich Denikin adagwira nawo ntchito ndikudziwonetsa yekha kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri. Mbiri yachidule ndi zochitika kuchokera mu moyo wake zimanena kuti iye adasankha kuchoka ku mphamvu yogwira ntchito, choncho adapereka lipoti lopempha kuti asamuke. Zotsatira zake, mnyamatayo adalandira udindo wa wogwira ntchito, amene ntchito zake zinali kuphatikizapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofunika.

Nkhondoyi, Denikin anali mtsogoleri wabwino kwambiri. Pazochitika zambiri za usilikali adalandira udindo wa colonel, komanso anali ndi mwayi wopatsidwa malemba ndi mphotho zosiyanasiyana za boma.

M'zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri zotsatira za moyo wake, Anton Ivanovich Denikin anatha kuyendera anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito. Mbiri yachidule ya chiwerengero ichi cha ku Russia chikusonyeza kuti kale mu chaka cha 14 chazaka zapitazo iye adadzuka pa udindo wa Major-General.

Zolinga zazikulu zankhondo

Atangolengeza kuyambika kwa nkhondo, Denikin sanazengereze kupempha kuti apite kutsogolo kukachita nawo nkhondo ndi adani. Chotsatira chake, adasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa gulu lachinayi, yemwe adadziwika yekha mu utsogoleri wake mu nkhondo zambiri kuyambira 1914 mpaka 1916. Ambiri a iwo ankatchedwanso "magulu a moto", chifukwa nthawi zambiri ankatumizidwa kumadera ovuta kwambiri a asilikali.

Anton Denikin chifukwa cha ubwino wa usilikali adalandira mphoto ndi Order of St. George chachitatu ndi digiti yachinayi. Mu 1916, pamodzi ndi timu yake, adapanga South-Western Front ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa gulu la asilikali asanu ndi atatu.

Zaka zosinthika

Mfundo yakuti Anton anachita nawo mbali muzochitika za February za zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zazaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri zikuwonetsedwa ndi mbiri yake yachidule. Denikin (biographical note for 1917) anapitiriza kupititsa patsogolo ntchitoyi mu February Revolution.

Poyamba iye anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa antchito, ndipo kenako anapangidwa kukhala mkulu wa asilikali onse ku South-Western Front. Koma pa misonkhano yonse ndi misonkhano, Denikin akutsutsa kwambiri zochita za boma lamakono. Iye adanena kuti ndondomeko yotereyi ingachititse kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa ankhondo ichitike ndipo mwamsanga mwafunsira kuti nkhondo iwonongeke.

Atatha kunena mawu amenewa pa July 29, 1917, Anton Ivanovich anamangidwa ndipo anaikidwa ku Berdichev, kenako anasamukira ku Bykhov, kumene anzake ambiri anamangidwa nawo atamangidwa. Mu November chaka chomwecho, adamasulidwa ufulu ndipo ndi zolemba zabodza dzina lake Alexander Dombrovsky akhoza kulowa mu Don.

Lamulo la Volunteer Army

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira ya 1917 Denikin Anton Ivanovich anafika ku Novocherkassk. Mbiri yachidule yokhudza nthawi imeneyo ya moyo wake imanena kuti ndiye kuti mapangidwe a Volunteer Army adayamba m'malo ano, mu bungwe lomwe adatenga mbali yogwira ntchito. Chotsatira chake, adasankhidwa kukhala mutu wa Volunteer Division yoyamba, ndipo mu 1918, pambuyo pa imfa yoopsa ya Kornilov, anakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lonse la asilikali.

Kenaka adaimirira kukhala mkulu wa akuluakulu a asilikali a kum'mwera kwa Russia ndipo adatha kugonjetsa gulu lonse la Don. Mu 1920, Anton Ivanovich anali atakhala wolamulira wamkulu, koma sanakhalitse. M'chaka chomwecho adasamutsira ziphuphu za boma kwa General F.P. Wrangel ndipo adaganiza zochoka ku Russia kosatha.

Kusamuka

Kuthamangitsidwa ku Ulaya chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa woyera kunatipangitsa ife kumverera zovuta zambiri ndi kutaya. Constantinople anali mzinda woyamba komwe, pamodzi ndi banja lake mu 1920, anapita Denikin Anton Ivanovich.

Mbiri yachidule yoperekedwa ku mbiri ya moyo wake, ikusonyeza kuti iye sanadzipatse yekha njira iliyonse yopezera moyo. Anayenda kudutsa m'mizinda ya ku Ulaya kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, kufikira atakhala mumzinda wawung'ono wa Hungary. Ndiye banja la Denikin linaganiza zopita ku Paris, kumene ntchito zake zinalembedwa.

Kuchokera kwa olemba usilikali kwa olemba

Anton Ivanovich anali ndi luso lofotokozera bwino maganizo ake pamapepala, choncho zolemba zake zonse ndi mabuku ake amawerengedwa mwachidwi komanso masiku athu. Mabaibulo oyambirira anasindikizidwa ku Paris. Malipiro ndi malipiro a kuphunzitsa anali malipiro ake okha.

Pakati pa zaka makumi atatu ndi makumi atatu za m'ma 200, Denikin adafalitsidwa m'manyuzipepala ena. Iye analemba zambiri zokhudza mavuto okhudzana ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, ndipo anapereka mabuku ambiri.

Zolemba za ntchito zake zidakalibe mulaibulale ya Columbia University, yomwe imaphunzira mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha Russia.

Zaka zaposachedwa

M'zaka makumi atatu zapitazi, Denikin, poopa kuthamangitsidwa ku ukapolo wa Soviet Union, adasamukira ku America, komwe adapitiriza ntchito yake yophunzira.

Mu 1947, mkulu wamkulu wa ku Russia anafa ndi matenda a mtima m'chipatala kuchipatala kuchipatala ku Michigan. Anamuika ku Detroit.

Zaka khumi zapitazo, phulusa la banja la Denikin linatengedwa kuchoka ku mayiko kupita ku Moscow ndipo linaikidwa pansi pa nyumba ya amonke ya Donskoy pambuyo pa kuvomereza kwa Marina mwana wawo wamkazi.

Pa zochitika zonse ndi zopindulitsa, zomwe m'moyo wake wonse adachita Denikin Anton Ivanovich, biography mwachidule, ndithudi, sangathe kunena. Komatu mbadwazo ziyenera kudziwa pang'ono za anthu otchuka monga bambo uyu.