Origin and biography of Rurik

Chiwerengero cha Rurik ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zozizwitsa m'mbiri yaku Russia. Iye ndiye amene anayambitsa ndondomeko ya Asi Slavs Kummawa. Pali zochepa zowonjezeka za kalonga uyu. Ochita kafukufuku akukanganabe za kumene anachokera.

Kuitana kwa Varangians ku Novgorod

M'zaka za m'ma 1800, mgwirizano wa mafuko ambiri a Asilavo ndi Finns unadalira anthu achikunja a ku Varangians - achi German omwe ankakhala ku Peninsula ya Scandinavia. Kwa kanthawi iwo anatha kuthamangitsa olowa nawo ndikusiya kupereka msonkho. Komabe, mafuko akumeneko adayamba kumenyana pakati pawo. Dziko lingayambe kokha ndi maonekedwe a mphamvu zovomerezeka.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya Rurik ndi Tale ya Bygone Years. Lili ndi chidziwitso chakuti mgwirizano wa Ilmen Slovaks, Meri ndi Krivichi anamuitana kuti azilamulira ku Novgorod. Izo zinachitika mu 862 chaka.

Biography Rurik inagwirizana ndi aliyense. Munthu uyu anali kusamvana. Kalonga wochokera kumbuyo kwa nyanja sizinali zotetezera kapena wothandizira gulu lililonse. Zina mwazinthu zimatsimikizira kuti Novgorodians ndi oyandikana nawo akuona kuti ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe akufuna: kuchokera ku Khazars kupita ku glades. Komabe, chisankho chinagwera pa Varangian (ndiko kuti, Viking).

Rurik ndi abale ake

Mamembala a Asilavo anapita ku nyanja. Rurik anamutenga pamodzi ndi abale ake awiri: Sineus (analamulira Beloozero) ndi Truvor (anapita ku Izborsk). Atamwalira, zigawo zawo zidapitsidwanso kwa kalonga wa Novgorod. Biography Rurik asanatuluke ku Russia sichidziwikiratu ndipo makamaka amachokera pamaganizo. Komabe, pali zolondola zolondola zomwe iye anali ndi gulu lake. Ndi iye yemwe adakhala mchirikizo cha boma latsopano ndipo anaonetsetsa kuti alowe m'dziko la Novgorod. Pofuna kuteteza anthu, kalonga anapatsidwa ufulu wokweza misonkho.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti magulu ena amatsutsana wina ndi mnzake kumene Rurik amalamulira. Mwachitsanzo, Laurentian Chronicle inanena kuti malo ake oyamba okhalamo anali Ladoga. Ku Novgorod, kalonga adawoneka pambuyo pa imfa ya aang'ono ake awiri. Kuwonjezera apo, pansi pa ulamuliro wake anali dziko la Krivich, yemwe mzinda wake waukulu unali Polotsk. Kummawa kwa dziko lino kunali mafuko a Chifinishi. Iwo ankakhala ku Rostov, Murom ndi m'madera oyandikana nawo.

Bungwe la Atsogoleri

Biography Rurik monga kalonga wa Novgorod sanasiyana zochitika zowala. Chokhacho chikhoza kuonedwa ngati chisokonezo mumzindawu, pamene anthu okhalamo, osakhutira ndi ulamuliro wa Varangian, adamupandukira mu 864. Mtsogoleri wawo anali Vadim wa Chilimbikitso. Iye ndi abwenzi ake akuluakulu anaphedwa ndi Rurik. Chifukwa cha zigawo zosiyana ndi zosakwanira zokhudzana ndi zisokonezozi, akatswiri ena a mbiriyakale amaona kuti ndizobodza, kapena zikugwirizana ndi zochitika zam'tsogolo. Mbiri ya Nikon, pofotokoza za kuuka kwa a Novgorodians kutsutsana ndi mphamvu ya Varangians, inalembedwa m'zaka za zana la 16 ndipo, ndithudi, ikhoza kukhala yosakhulupirika. Chochitika ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha momwe Rurik alili ndi zosavuta komanso zophunzira pang'ono.

Anamwalira mu 879, akusiya mwana wake yekhayo Igor. Mphamvu mu Novgorod inapita kwa Oleg - kapena wachibale, kapena mgwirizano wa Rurik. Kalonga watsopano anali regent ndi wolowa nyumba. Patapita zaka zitatu, Oleg anagwidwa ndi Kiev, komwe anasamukira likulu lake. Pambuyo pake, Igor ndi ana ake analamulidwa kumeneko. Kotero panali boma lakale la Russia, omwe akalonga ake anali oimira ufumu wa Rurik. Wotsiriza wa oimira ake - Fyodor - anamwalira mu 1598, pokhala a Moscow tsar.

Chiyambi

Kalonga Rurik, yemwe mwachidule ankasokoneza mkangano wake, sadalembedwe m'mabuku ndi malemba ena asanatchulidwe ndi Asilavo. Ochita kafukufuku amawagwirizanitsa ndi Vikings. Nthawi zambiri m'mabuku a sayansi omwe amatchulidwa Danish kapena Sweden, omwe angakhale a Novgorod kalonga Rurik (862-879). Zithunzi za mfumuyi ndi zosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aziganiza mozama za chiyambi chake.

Nthano ya Norman

Mabukhu akale a ku Russia pofotokoza Rurik mawu akuti "Varangian" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amasonyeza kuti ndi Scandinavia kapena Norman. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi, anthu okhala m'madera awa adakondwera onse a ku Ulaya ndi zowawa zawo. Ena mwa iwo adalanda dziko pa dziko lonse lapansi ndipo adadzimangira okha kukhala chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino, panthawi yomweyo kutenga Chikhristu.

Olemba mbiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Rurik ndi Rörik wa Jutland. Anali mfumu yotchuka ku Denmark. Anamenyana ndi a Carolingians ku Friesia. N'kutheka kuti nayenso anali mkulu wa kalonga wa ku Frank kwa kanthaŵi, popeza ndalama zogwiritsa ntchito fano la Lothar zinamangidwa ndi iye. Kumapeto kwa zaka 50 anayesera kutenga Jutland, koma adalephera. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono anamenyana ndi Asilavs-Vendians akumadzulo, omwe ankakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic Sea. Otsatira malingaliro akuti Rurik ndi Rörik, monga kutsutsana kwa kulondola kwake, akutsogoleredwa ndi kuti kumadzulo kumadzulo kutchulidwa kwa mfumuyi kumatayika kuyambira tsiku limene Varangian anayamba kulamulira ku Novgorod. Mfundo imeneyi imakhala yosatsutsika ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsutsana. Rurik, yemwe mbiri yake yachidule ndi yosadziwika, alibe ngakhale manda olembedwa.

Masalmo ndi ma Baltic

Pali malingaliro omwe Varangians, omwe anaitanidwa ku Russia, amatchedwa oimira a West Slavic mtundu wa vagra. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye Prince Rurik, yemwe mbiri yake siyikutsutsa ndi kusatsimikiziranso izi, mwina ndilo fuko lakutali la anthu a Novgorod.

Kulingalira kwina kwina kwa chiphunzitso ichi chinapangidwa ndi wasayansi wamkulu wa Russia, Mikhail Lomonosov. Anaganizira Rurik kuti akhale mbadwa ya A Prussia-anthu a Baltic, omwe ankakhala m'madera a masiku ano a Poland ndi Lithuania. M'nthano za Asilavo a ku Germany ochokera m'mayiko omwewo, panali nkhani za abale atatu omwe anaitanidwa kupita ku Novgorod. Izi zinatsimikiziridwa, yemwe amatha kukhala Prince Rurik. Mbiri yachidule ya munthu uyu sikutilola kuti tidziwe mtundu wake. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, n'zovuta kuwerengera chaka cha kubadwa kwake.