Archaisms ndi historicism. Zitsanzo mtengo ndi

Munthu aliyense amene akufuna kuphunzira ndi kukhala, poyesetsa zinthu zatsopano ndipo lipindulitsa pa okha. Akuti mawu kwambiri osati kalekale muyeso wa erudition, komanso zingathandize mu zochitika mosayembekezeka. M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira za zimene archaisms ndi historicism. Zitsanzo za mawu ndi nkhani akhoza kukhala zothandiza makamaka chidwi kuti mumve.

historicism

Archaisms ndi historicism - ndi zina gulu la mawu. Izi zikuphatikizapo long- mawu achikale. Zitsanzo: historicism - nkhwangwa; archaisms - Zelo, izi. Ndi historicism maina a zinthu zimene zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makolo athu, ndi kuti tsiku kumeneko, koma mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "musket", womwenso kwa chida wakale imene ankagwiritsa ntchito mu Russia zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndi historicism amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "nkhwangwa" likuimira za mtundu wina katundu kuphana. Ndi chinachake mofananira kuti nkhwangwa ano, koma ndi masamba awiri.

Kodi historicism

Chifukwa chachikulu chakuti pa nthawi chinenero anaonekera historicism, anali kusintha pa moyo watsiku ndi makolo athu, miyambo, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu zinatha zovala -'s odula, odula, jekete - salinso ntchito, ndipo izi zachititsa kuti mofulumira kwa maina awo chilankhulo. Tsopano mfundo izi lingapezeke mu mafotokozedwe mbiri. Pali mawu ambiri salinso ntchito, ndipo tsopano iwo amatchedwa "historicism" gulu. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi - m'mbali kuti mwanjira kukhudza wa serfdom mu Russia. Pakati pawo - nyumba, udindo ntchito, kupala.

archaisms

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mawu osonyeza zinthu ndi malingaliro kukhalako kufikira tsopano, koma ndi maina wosinthika. Mwachitsanzo, makolo athu, m'malo amakono "izi" kunena "" komanso "kwambiri" Anamveka ngati "kwambiri." Historicism ndi archaisms zitsanzo akupezeka mu ntchito zambiri zolembalemba, si nthawi zonse kwathunthu m'malo mwa mawu ena, iwo angakhoze kokha pang'ono tidzasandulika. Mwachitsanzo, phonetic kapena morphologically.

Kodi archaisms

Mtundu uwu wa mawu achikale anaonekera chifukwa chakuti pa nthawi mawu alionse zikusintha, ikusintha ndipo anaphatikizana ndi zinenero zina. Choncho, mawu ena m'malo mwa ena, koma ndi tanthauzo lofanana. Izi ndi mbali ya mawu amene atha wake, koma kwathunthu kutha kwa chinenero. mawu awa zasungidwa mu mabuku, zikalata ndi zina zotero. Kuti akonze zopeka mbiri afunika kukhala wokhoza recreate kukoma kwa nyengo anafotokoza.

archaisms phonetic

Umenewu ndi mawu amakono ndi mfundo yosiyana ndi cholowa chabe phokoso angapo, nthawi zina munthu. Mwachitsanzo, archaisms phonetic mwina ndi mawu monga "ndakatulo", kenako kusanduka mu "ndakatulo" ndi "moto" unakhala "moto."

archaisms morphological

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mawu amene chinthu chakale mu dongosolo lake. Zikuphatikizapo nauni "ferocity" yemwe anakhala "ferocity", ndi adjective "m'mwamba" zinakafika mu "mantha", mawu akuti "kugwa", umene tsopano amawerenga monga "ndithu" ndi ena ambiri.

archaisms zamalankhulidwe

Archaisms ndi historicism zitsanzo za mawu amene amapezeka paliponse, nthawi zambiri m'kupita kutaya tanthauzo lake lenileni. Mwachitsanzo, masiku "manyazi" pamaso anatanthauza kanthu kuposa "choonetsedwa" ndi akale "wamba" anali kutanthauza chinachake chimene chidachitika mu tsiku limodzi (mwachitsanzo, "njira wamba"), ndipo "wamba".

ntchito chi

Nthawi zina mawu awa, lotha, kotero izo kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito phindu latsopano. Izi Tinganenenso za mmene archaisms ndi historicism za. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi - mawu "mafumu". M'mbuyomu zinatha kwa ntchito, koma tsopano ndi kumbuyo otchuka. Ngati kale zinangokhala pamodzi ndi mawu monga "mfumu" ndi "monarchical", koma tsopano kuchuluka kwa ntchito wakula kwambiri. Tsopano mukhoza kumva za mzera wa odula kapena Anthuwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ntchito imeneyi ndi tinatengera kwa atate mwana. Nthawi zina mawu achikale angapezeke mu nkhani n'zolakwika.

mawu khola

mawu achikale kupitiriza mokwanira ntchito mu chinenero monga mbali ya mawu lokhazikika. Choncho, tiyenera ena historicism. Chitsanzo: mawu "likundikanikizira" akadali ntchito chinenero mu "lochedwa" Mawu, limene limatanthauza "kukhala kumbuyo". The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za mawu khola "mukhale fritters," ie, "yammer".

Alibe vs Chitsitsimutso

Zimachitika kuti mawu kuti akatswiri a zinenero asintha kutenga historicism, anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti malingaliro akuimira, kamodzinso anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chinthu chomwecho Zingachitikenso ngati chinalengedwa ndi yatsopano mwa njira iriyonse ngati lingaliro chakale kapena kugwirizana nazo. Tsopano mawu awa nkomwe amatikumbutsa historicism. Chitsanzo: madzulo chikondi, chizindikiro.

Pomaliza

Tikumbukenso kuti ngakhale onse mawu pamwamba lotha ziridi chabe mosungiramo a mawu, iwo sitileka udindo kofunika. Kuwerenga ntchito za olemba mabuku ena otchuka monga Tolstoy, Dostoevsky kapena Mayakovsky, kaŵirikaŵiri kwambiri kupezeka historicism ndi archaisms, ndi molondola kumvetsa mfundo yakuti wolemba ankatanthauza, m'pofunika kudziwa kufunika kwake. Choncho, ngati inu inadza liwu lachilendo, ndi bwino kunena kuti odalirika dictionary.