Avant-garde ojambula zithunzi. Russian avant-garde ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 20

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri mu Russia apo panali mmodzi wa mumaganiza kuti watenga kuchokera pachiyambi cha chimakono ndi dzina lake "Russian avant-garde." M'chizungumo zikumveka ngati avant - "kutsogolo" ndi garde - "mtendere", koma ndi kusinthika kwa nthawi wadutsa otchedwa wamakono ndi adawomba monga "vanguard". Ndipotu, anayambitsa gulu limeneli anakhala ndi French avant-garde ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 19 kuti analimbikitsa kukana mfundo iliyonse kuti ndife zofunikira nthawi zonse kuli luso. Cholinga aluso avant-garde ndi negation miyambo ndi malamulo osalembedwa a luso.

Vanguard ndi yake

Russian avant-garde - osakaniza miyambo Russian ndi ena mwa njira ya zojambula European Western. The Russian avant-garde ojambula - amene analemba kalembedwe umboni wa Suprematism, Constructivism ndi Cubo-Futurism. Kwenikweni, anayiwa zochita waukulu akavalidwe avant-garde.

• Abstractionist polemba mapepala anapereka ulemu wapadera kwa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Kugwiritsira ntchito, iwo analenga angapo mayanjano. Woyambitsa wa gulu limeneli mu Russia anali Kandinsky, ndipo pamapeto pake inatheka chifukwa Malevich, Larionov, Goncharova.
• Kukhala ndi maganizo a abstraction, Malevich analenga lina - Suprematism. Webusayiti loyamba zikuchikazi - "Black Square". Chapatsogolo kuphatikiza mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu adzakhalanso ndi kulenga chithunzi. malingaliro Suprematist momveka bwino anasonyeza ntchito za avant-garde ojambula zithunzi A. Rozanov, MI Kliun, Alexandra Exter, N. Udaltsov.
• Chifukwa cha maganizo ofuna kumanga zithunzi zida kupanga. Oyambitsa gulu limeneli ndi amisiri avant-garde za m'ma 20 V. Tatlin ndi E. Lissitzky.
• A chisakanizo cha French Cubism ndi Chitaliyana Futurism limene lachititsa osiyanasiyana: Cubo. The ntchito ikuchitika kalembedwe uyu, wolemekezeka abstracts akalumikidzidwa ndi ma mtundu kuti sanali bwino kuti luso la nthawi. oimira chabwino cha Russian Cubo-Futurism anakhala avant-garde ojambula zithunzi Malevich, O. Rozanova, Goncharova, N. Udaltsov, L. Popova, Alexandra Exter.

mbali Luso ndi aesthetics wa avant-garde

Pakuti avant-garde kayendedwe yodziwika ndi zina mwa zinthu zimene kuwasiyanitsa ochokera m'madera ena:

• Garde kulandira kusintha kulikonse societal, monga zisinthe.
• Ikuyenda khalidwe la ambiguity ena Mwachitsanzo, rationality ndi irrationality.
• Kuvomerezeka chidwi ndi ulemu kwa sayansi ndi luso patsogolo.
• mitundu yatsopano, njira ndi njira, osati kale ntchito zojambulajambula.
• Complete kukana Wabwino Tirhana VIII atumwi.
• Kukana kapena kuvomereza mwambo, anakhazikitsa maziko a kupenta.
• Zatsopano ndi akalumikidzidwa, mitundu ndi mithunzi.

Wassily Kandinsky

Onse avant-garde ojambula zithunzi za zana la 20 ndi "ana" Vasiliya Kandinskogo, amene anali tate wa avant-garde mu Russia. ntchito zake zonse lagawidwa magawo 3:

• Nthawi Munich Kandinsky ntchito pa mitunda, polenga katswiri monga "The Blue Wokwera", "Polakwika", "Gulf Coast ku Netherlands", "Old Town".
• Moscow nthawi. Zojambulazo wotchuka wa "Amazon" nthawi ndi "Amazon mu mapiri."
• Bauhaus ndi Paris. bwalo ntchito zambiri kuposa akalumikidzidwa ena zojambula ndi mithunzi amakhala malankhulidwe ozizira ndi bata. Ntchito nthawi imeneyi ndi "Small masomphenya wofiira", "Mmene VIII», «Small wazolengedwa", "Yellow Sound", "zapamwamba".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich anabadwa mu February 1879 ku Kiev m'banja Polish. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu udindo wa mmisiri, iye anayesa dzanja lake pa zaka 15 pamene iye anapatsidwa ya utoto. Kuyambira pamenepo, chifukwa Malevich zinali zochitika zofunika kwambiri kupenta. Koma makolo anga anali asanaonepo alimbikitsa mwana ndi kuumirira kupeza lalikulu kwambiri ndi opindulitsa ntchito. Choncho Malevich analowa sukulu agronomic. Kufika mu Kursk mu 1896, akupanga wodziwa Leo Kvachevskim, wojambula amene limalangiza Casimir kupita kuphunzira mu Moscow. Mwatsoka, Malevich kawiri analephera kulowa Moscow School of Painting. Iye anayamba kuphunzira luso pa Rerberg amene sanangophunzitsa chithunzicho achinyamata, komanso mbamphedza munjira ina iliyonse: bungwe yoonetsa ntchito yake, adzapereke kwa anthu. Onse oyambirira ndi mochedwa ntchito ndi Malevich - ndi chimwambo ndi kutengeka. Ngati wina Russian avant-garde ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 20, iye Chili ntchito yake ndi ukali zauve, koma chithunzi Chili Izitu n'zovutitsa ndipo amachita. Mu 1915, Malevich chinaperekedwa kwa anthu angapo zojambula mu kalembedwe avant-garde, wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo - "Black Square". Mwa mabuku ambiri mafani komanso amisiri avant-garde kupeleka "A ena kudwala ndi zolinga", "Mpumulo. Society in zonenepa ndi, "" Alongo, "" kabudula pa mpanda "," torso "," Nyakulima "," Mpingo "," Dryads awiri, "" kubofuturisticheskogo zikuchokera. "

Mikhail Larionov

Iye anaphunzira ku Sukulu ya Moscow wa Painting, Chithunzi ndi Zomangamanga. Aphunzitsi ake anali ngati ojambula zithunzi wotchuka ngati Korovin, Levitan, Serov. Ntchito oyambirira a Larionov limafotokoza zolemba chibadidwe zilandiridwenso Nesterova ndi Kuznetsova, amene sali avant-garde ojambula zithunzi ndi zojambula zawo simuli kukuchititsa zimenezi. Yodziwika ndi Larionov ndi m'madera monga wowerengeka luso, achikale. Skips zolemba asilikali, mwachitsanzo, "patchuti asilikali" ndi chiphunzitso cha kukongola abwino, aunika mu filimu "Venus" ndi "Katsapskaya Venus." Monga ena Soviet ojambula zithunzi avant-garde, Larionov anatenga gawo mu chionetsero "Mchira Bulu" ndipo "Jack ya diamondi."

Natalia Goncharova

Goncharova poyamba anali kuphunzira chosema, ndipo kenako kugwedera kwa kupenta. Mlangizi wake woyamba anali Korovin, ndipo nthawi imeneyi iye anasangalala ndi chionetsero zojambula wake mu mzimu wa Impressionism. kenako anaukitsidwa mitu ya nkhani wamba luso ndi miyambo ya anthu osiyanasiyana ndi Nthawi. Izi zachititsa kuti zikamera mafilimu monga "alaliki", "Kololani", "Mayi", "Runaround". A iyeyo zoti wosafa pa lona zinayamba penti "Maluwa" ndi "Maluwa Sangalalani"

Olga Rozanova

Monga ojambula zithunzi kwambiri, Rozanov pambuyo sukulu anabwera mchikakamizo aluso ena. Avant-garde ojambula zithunzi kudya wamng'ono luso mtsikana moyo wapoyera, ndipo kwa zaka 10 wakhala nawo ambiri zisudzo ndi Chatuluka kwambiri mabuku ndi masewero. Rozanov wopyoza magawo angapo ntchito, kusintha kalembedwe ndi malangizo.

Ivan Klyunkov (Kliun)

Creative njira Ivana Klyuna mwadzidzidzi anasintha atakumana ndi Malevich. Ngakhale pamaso atakumana naye French wojambula anaphunzira kupenta ndipo anapita chionetsero "Jack ya diamondi." Pambuyo msonkhano fateful Kliun anawonjezera kuti deta wake wa zojambula ndi "galamafoni", "chigubu" ndi "akuthamanga mwa Edene." More ntchito posachedwapa chithunzicho anaphedwa kalembedwe kupenta wophiphiritsa, kulenga zithunzi, polemba chinenero nyimbo, akadali moyo, fanizo.

Alexandra Exter

Exter kukhala wojambula chifukwa cha ulendo wopita ku Paris, komwe tsoka ananka naye wotere ojambula zithunzi otchuka monga Picasso, Yakobo, Braque, Apollinaire, amene anali avant-garde.
Pambuyo ulendo Exter anayamba kulemba kalembedwe impressionistic ndi chifukwa cha ntchito anali kupenta "Komabe moyo ndi woumba ndi maluwa" ndi "The atatu kanjedza wamkazi." M'kupita kwa nthawi, ntchito anakhala pointillism imaonekera ndipo cubism. Alexander anapereka zojambula wake pa zisudzo. Kenako, chithunzicho ali odzipereka kwambiri nthawi ndi nyimbo si wophiphiritsa utoto zowonetsera, lampshades, mapilo, komanso kamangidwe ka chuma ed.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin anayamba kuphunzira pa sukulu Moscow wa Painting, Chithunzi ndi Zomangamanga, ndipo kenako - pa Penza Art College. Koma polingalira mipata pafupipafupi ndi ntchito osauka maphunziro, iye anachotsedwa, popanda kulandira dipuloma. Mu 1914 Tatlin wakhala anasonyeza ntchito zake pa chionetsero "Jack ya diamondi" ndi "Bulu la Mchira". Ambiri, zojambula zake zokhudza mlungu nsomba. yofunika kwambiri kusintha malangizo masewero kukumana ndi Picasso anali pambuyo Tatlin anayamba kulenga Cubist kalembedwe "Larionov chikoka." zolengedwa zake zinasonyeza kukonza, wopangidwa mwa matabwa ndi zitsulo ndi zitsulo kwa Inde zofunika Russian constructivist avant-garde.

El Lissitzky

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mwamphamvu ndi penti Lissitzky nawo mu Ayuda anthu Chilimbikitso cha luso komwe anakagwira ntchito kuyambira 1916. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye osati fanizo losonyeza nyuzipepala Ayuda, komanso nawo mbali pa zisudzo unachitikira ku Moscow ndi Kiev. ntchito wolemba mogwirizana kuphatikiza mipukutu pamanja ndi miriskusnicheskie ndandanda. Titafika ku Vitebsk Lissitzky analikodi chidwi zilandiridwenso, imakonza mabuku ndi zithunzi. Ale ali brainchild a "Proun" - akalumikidzidwa atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, zimene ziri kupanga mipando ngakhale lero.

Lyubov Popova

Monga ojambula zithunzi kwambiri, Popov anatenga njira multistep mapangidwe: ntchito zake oyambirira anachita mu kalembedwe Cézanne, ndipo kenako anaonekera mbali Cubism, Fauvism ndi Futurism. Popov amaonera zinthu monga chachikulu m'moyo, natisunthitsa iye chinsalu mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi zojambulajambula. chidwi linaperekedwa chikondi phokoso la mitundu. Izi chimasiyanitsa ntchito yake ku ntchito ya Malevich. Kutsata kapangidwe chuma ed, Popov wakhala ntchito kalembedwe "Art Deco" imene kuphatikiza ndi avant-garde ndi zamakono. chithunzicho unali wachilendo kuphatikiza n'komwe, mwachitsanzo, ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano Cubism ndi Russian iconography.

Ntchito ya Russian avant-garde m'mbiri ya

Ambiri zikuchitika avant-garde amagwiritsa ntchito paluso ano chabwino, ngakhale kuti iye monga vanguard kwa inatenga nthawi yaitali. Chifukwa chachikulu kugwa ndi malangizo osiyanasiyana, amene analenga avant-garde ojambula zithunzi. Vanguard Art kunapangitsa kukhala Zithunzi film, ndipo analoledwa kukhala mitundu yatsopano, njira ndi njira kuthetsa mavuto luso.