Bandaging: anakuta njira. Zofewa chigamba cha bandeji

Munthu aliyense ayenera kudziwa mmene bandaging. Njira zolepheretsa ena kuvala yosavuta amafuna palibe luso. More molondola ntchito zitha kukhala katswiri. Komabe, malamulo onse a ndondomeko zilipo aliyense wa ife. Tiyeni nawo chidwi.

malamulo General chimamangidwa nsalu

Pereka ndi bandeji kuika dzanja lamanja. Mapeto a bandeji unachitikira ku dzanja lamanzere. Choncho m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe mavuto akhoza falitsani unroll padziko.

Yadzaoneni ndi bandeji, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito manja awiri. Mmodzi dzanja mpukutu adagulung'undisa popanda kuchotsa kuchokera pamwamba thupi, ndi zina kudzudzulidwa yekha bandeji.

Mu ndondomeko ya kukhotera Mavalidwe mitundu amene amadalira zinthu zenizeni, tikumane wovulalayo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kulamulira chikhalidwe chake.

Nsalu downwards mfundo za pa zimene awiri a pamwamba thupi zochepa.

The koyilo choyamba chofunika kukonza, kupanga unakhota pang'ono ndi bandeji kumene unayamba. Pamwamba pa malo awa ina kumulowetsa - Kukhazikitsa. Aliyense bandeji wotsatira kumulowetsa kuchita pa theka wapitawo.

Pamene akujambula pa, mapeto a bandeji ayenera kukhala ang'ambe thupilo pang'ono lengthwise, kupanga pawiri. Kenako ikani ang'ambe thupilo bandeji mwaukhondo kuichotsa, kulenga ziwiri zazing'ono kutalika. A iwo zomangira mfundo.

Bandeji umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa, amene amalola kuti tisasokoneze makope a. Ofooka wokakamiza awo zosatheka monga kuti asamavutike kuchokera chilonda.

General gulu la Mavalidwe zachipatala

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kuvala chingaimitse magazi kapena kupewa malowedwe mu matenda bala. Ndipotu, cholinga chachikulu cha kuvala - kukonza mfundo Mavalidwe. Pambuyo kudziwa zotani bala, mbali iti ya thupi imene ili, kutsatira malamulo ndi njira bandaging. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ndi gulu la zipangizo ankaona. Choncho, kuvala wolemekezeka:

• mu kopita (ntchito yomwe ntchito nsalu);
• kutayipa (katundu mawotchi);
• ndi mtundu wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito;
• ndi njira fixation wa kuvala lapansi.

Poyamba ayenera dziŵani okha ndi gulu akufuna kenako bwinobwino kuphunzira malamulo a kuvala alipo. Mitundu ya nsalu zosiyanasiyana. Ngati inu Chipindacho wina angakonze ngakhale ophunzira ntchito zina zinafunika maluso a katswiri wodziwa bwino. Mmodzi Tisaiwale kuti njira ntchito nsalu zimadalira choipa yeniyeni ndi gawo makamaka thupi la munthu.

Gawo ndi cholinga

Malinga ndi zimene ntchito imagwiridwa ndi bandeji zachipatala, pali mitundu zotsatirazi kuti:

• Zoteteza (aseptic) - kwa kupewa reinfection bala;
• mankhwala - kuonetsetsa mosadodometsedwa kupeza mankhwala chilonda;
• hemostatic (kukanikiza) - kugwira magazi;
• Immobilizer - kugwetsa mbali ya thupi (kumene);
• ndi samatha - amapereka zidutswa samatha fupa;
• kukonza - watsimikiza mapindikidwe;
• occlusive - akuwasindikiza chilonda.

Mwamsanga kuthandiza munthu mu zochitika mwadzidzidzi, muyenera kudziwa mmene bandaging. Njira imposition pogwiritsa ayankhidwa pansipa.

Gawo mtundu (mawotchi katundu)

Modern Mavalidwe zachipatala:

• zofewa - ntchito ambiri zochizira zosiyanasiyana mabala;
• okhwima - ntchito choncho kumene chithandizo choipa kapena matenda kukhazikitsa zotsatira za kulephera kuyenda;
• zotanuka - chida chofunika kwambiri pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi kukula kwa mitsempha saphenous ndi venous stasis;
• nyukiliya - ndi gauze wapadera, mmene muli ndi ❖ kuyanika yogwira isotopes zachilengedwe nyukiliya.

Ambiri zovuta ndi yofewa nsalu.

Gawo ndi mtundu wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito,

Malinga nkhani imene anapanga Mavalidwe zachipatala, iwo anawagawa:

• Gauze (pali bintovye ndi bezbintovye);
• nsalu (ntchito zovala, mpango);
• thonje-gauze (thonje ubweya bandeji amapangidwa chidutswa cha gauze ndi pang'ono ubweya thonje);
• gypsum;
• anatengera mankhwala kapena zoyendera mabasi.

Mu mankhwala ndi nsalu Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito za ulemu. A chitsanzo chapadera akhoza kutchulidwa nthaka-gelatin Unna bandeji amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza zilonda ukonde. Iwo amakhala ndi katundu wake (psinjika ndi antibacterial), amatha kuchepetsa venous stasis kumathandiza kuti munthu akhale venous magazi, ndipo ali ndi zotsatira osmotic pa chilonda hygroscopic.

Gawo njira fixation kuvala

Popeza m'njira yoyenera ndi bandeji zachipatala angathe wokwera pa vutolo, izi mitundu ya zipangizo:

1. Bezbintovye:

• zomatira - ntchito zotupa zazing'ono, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chifukwa chilonda dera, analembedwa pa nkhani kuvala mwa zomatira wapadera (collodion, kleola, plastikatnyh zipangizo guluu BF-6) ;
• The tepi - ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kumanga mabala ang'ono kapena pachimake maphunziro purulent;
• kosynochnye - ntchito ngati chithandizo zofunika choyamba, n'zotheka ntchito zinthu yovuta, bandeji amenewa nthawi zambiri kuti akonze immobilization zosakhalitsa superimposed pa bandeji zodzitetezera;
• gulaye - kuimira Mzere wa nsalu, kuligaŵa longitudinally pa malekezero a, likulu la amene si sectioned chuma (angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi bandeji lonse) umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbali yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda wa thupi (mutu, chibwano, khosi, mphuno), amene alipidwa chikukonzekera bandeji kumamatira sadzatero ndi amene Wopanda bandeji;
• T-zooneka - ntchito mu ndondomeko ya Mavalidwe chilonda kapena malo m'dera crotch, komwe kuli yotupa ndondomeko;
• ndi tubular zotanuka bandeji - ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kukonza bala mu gawo lirilonse la kuvala thupi.

2. Bintovye - zofewa bandeji kwa bandeji. Pezani ntchito zamafupa, mafupa pamene kuonongeka ndi zimakhala zofewa, zilonda zamoto, frostbite, mu traumatology.

bandeji yofewa

zofunikira kwa bandeji yofewa:

• kutseka thupi gawo la wodwalayo;
• mayiko;
• sayenera kusokoneza magazi;
• neatness;
• sitiyenera akuphwanya lymph.

Panopa, madokotala akutsatira mitundu ya Mavalidwe zofewa bintovyh:

• zozungulira (zozungulira) - ndi iwo monga chiyambi ndi chitsiriziro bandeji oyenera mabala ang'onoang'ono ili pa phalanges m'dera mazunzo, ku wachitatu kunsi kwa mwendo, pa woimbayo, ndi phewa pakati;
• mwauzimu - mtundu wa bandeji zachitika pa dzanja, pamimba, chifuwa;
• zokwawa (Njoka) - ntchito pamene pali kufunika otetezeka thonje-gauze ziyangoyango, komanso gypsum;
• chamtanda (vosmiobraznye) - ntchito kuika pamtima, mmbuyo, khosi;
• kamba (convergent, divergent) - bandeji pa mafupa (bondo, chigongono), limene kwa chamtanda izi (vosmiobraznyh) nsalu;
• kukwera - umagwiritsidwa ntchito olowa phewa ku chizindikiritso cha kudwala kwake;
• Akadzabweranso - ntchito bandaging mutu, pa phalanges osachiritsika.
• desault nsalu - ntchito pamene pali fractures kuwala kwa clavicle ndi humerus ntchito vpravki ntchafu phewa, popanda Mavalidwe izi sangachite pamene muyenera kukonza mkono ndi mafupa pambuyo opaleshoni;
• thandizo (kwa chifuwa) - umagwiritsidwa m'dera chifuwa anaonekera kwa amayaka, mabala, njira yotupa, ntchito kusokonezedwa.

Zofewa bandeji kwa ziwalo

kumangirira pa mutu wake mitundu zotsatirazi:

• kubwerera (Hippocratic kapu amanena mwa awiri awiri mutu bandeji kapena bandeji);
• legeni (ngati pali zazing'ono kuwonongeka kwa pachigama, mphumi, mphuno, parietal, kanthawi ndi zigawo occipital);
• Chapakamwa (kuthandiza nsagwada m'munsi);
• "Kapu" (ndi omasuka kwambiri kwa bandeji mutu).

The kuvala pa khosi akhoza kukhala mitundu zotsatirazi:

• zomatira (kumathandiza mwamphamvu akazike Mavalidwe);
• Phillips (kwa kutanthauzira a zotupa kupangidwa mu kumtunda kwa thupi);
• zozungulira (kwa bandaging pansi pachibwano - bandeji ngati akudutsa mu kumbuyo mu mtundu chamtanda).

Headband khosi ayenera kukhalabe okhulupirika womangidwa ndi gawo thupi. Iwo ayenera mwamphamvu akugwira kuvala. Chotero kuvala sayenera Wopanda pa khosi, kufinya ake.

Pa chifuwa bandeji mitundu zotsatirazi:

• mwauzimu (anagwiritsa ntchito thorax anavulala nthiti wosweka, njira yotupa);
• Phillips (kwa atagona pa chifuwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo);
• zogwiriziza (imodzi kapena maere onse);
• spikelike (superimposed pa beseni pamene kuonongeka m'munsi pamimba kapena sacrum anapanga zilonda, kuonongeka groin kapena crotch);
• T-mtundu (ntchito bandaging perineal).

nthambi Upper zikuphatikizapo mitundu zotsatirazi Mavalidwe:

• kubwerera (ntchito pamene pafupifupi kuonongeka kapena wapotalikira phalanx);
• spicate (kwa bandaging chala chachikulu, mapewa olowa dera);
• "Mogwirizana" (bandeji pa dzanja lake, pa ntchito mfundo za bandaging chala chimodzi);
• "Mitten";
• mwauzimu (ntchito mkono wa);
• Kamba (kwa bandaging chigongono);
• desault bandeji (ntchito pamene pali wovulala phewa la).

Pakuti nthambi m'munsi zikuphatikizapo mitundu zotsatirazi Mavalidwe:

• abwerere (kwa bandaging chala);
• mwauzimu (kwa toyalana ndi chala choyamba);
• spikelike (bandeji amalola phazi, mmene zala lotsegukabe);
• Kamba (ntchito chidendene bondo olowa);
• mwauzimu (ntchito tibia kungakhale unakhota kuti m'chuuno).

Pamene pali kufunika kupereka thandizo, ntchito bandeji triangular. Iwo ali ophweka wokakamiza ndipo popanda luso. zipangizo zidutswa ndi mipango, nyenyeswa za nsalu, mapepala.

ndi kudzikonda bandeji

Pamene pali kufunika zoika kuthamanga bandeji kapena chipangizo ena ntchito sprains ndi mankhwalawa edema kapena unstretched, kuthandiza wodzilamulira potseka bandeji. Komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza osati kuvala, komanso zipangizo chamankhwala. Izi bandeji - njira langwiro pamene mukufuna maola ochepa kuonetsetsa psinjika odalirika popanda kukondera.

A kudziletsa bandeji ntchito phlebology, zamafupa, traumatology.

Kumene, ndi kudzikonda bandeji - izo zangokhala zachipatala zinthu consumable. Komabe, m'pofunika kwambiri kuti anthu amene mukugwira nawo masewera. Chifukwa fixation bandeji malo ngati zimenezi pa thupi, n'zotheka kuteteza wothamanga ku sprains ndi dislocations.

nsalu mchere

Ngakhale kuti nsalu awa ali mu adiresi wodzipereka komanso zabwino maganizo, osati kwa diagnoses onse akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Lero, Mavalidwe amenewa angathandize kuchiza matenda somatic, yoyaka otsika kalasi, aakulu appendicitis, magazi ndi mikwingwirima, mabala fester. Pamene kusankha ntchito saline Mavalidwe, muyenera kudziwa kuti:

• mchere njira, amene anaikira ndi wamkulu kuposa 10% ndi zosavomerezeka kutsatira Mavalidwe;
• Bandeji zipangizo breathable ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito;
• Mavalidwe amenewa contraindicated kwa anthu ndi matenda a dongosolo mtima;
• saline Mavalidwe simungawagwiritse anthu amene vuto la impso.

Paokha adzaika yekha ntchito Mavalidwe amenewa ndi sikuthandiza. njirayi ayenera mankhwala okha ndi dokotala.

Kodi kutsatira Mavalidwe zosiyanasiyana?

Tsopano kulabadira ndondomeko monga bandaging. Technology kukhotera zipangizozi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ndi ofanana kwambiri. Koma palinso mitundu amene ali ukasintha wosiyana ndi ena onse.

Samalani njira zofunikira atagona bintovyh Mavalidwe.

Malamulo chimamangidwa nsalu zozungulira:

• wozungulira bala woyamba pa ngodya 30 ° thupi gawo umene bandeji;
• kutsatira mapeto a kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu bandaging, kusiya pafupifupi 5-10 masentimita kupitirira gawo thupi umene kuvala umagwiritsidwa;
• pamene woyamba bala chonse, Mavalidwe anakhala apangidwe mapeto, ndiye chili mwa magawo wotsatira wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu bandaging ya;
• kupewa kukondera Mavalidwe, aliyense ulendo watsopano overlaps mwamphamvu kuposa anthu yapita;
• lililonse bandeji watsopano ayenera kuphimba kuzungulira m'mbuyomu.

Malamulo chimamangidwa mwauzimu bandeji:

• chimamangidwa kuyamba ndi kuvala zozungulira (pang'ono kuchoka malo kuvulazidwa);
• ngati superimposed helical bandeji popanda kinks (phewa, ntchafu, chifuwa) amagwiritsa ntchito bandeji zotanuka;
• ngati superimposed mwauzimu bandeji ndi zobwera (mkono chapamwamba, ntchafu), iwo kupanga mzere umodzi wokha, kuyesera kupanga overlaying bandeji kumbali ya malo zowonongeka;
• ngati imposition wa bandeji mwauzimu, amene sanagwadirepo, sizingatheke kukwaniritsa kumvera ndi mtima wonse ndi ndege ndi thupi padziko bandeji la, m'pofunika kupanga kinks ochepa ndi kusintha zina ndi bandeji mwauzimu popanda kinks.

Malamulo okhudza kuvala zokwawa:

• overlaying bandeji akuyamba ndi zozungulira, aliyense wozungulira wotsatira mwadzidzidzi anasamukira ku mbali proximal;
• Tiyenera kusiya ufulu intervals wofanana ndi M'lifupi mwa bandeji pakati pa wozungulira latsopano.

Malamulo okhudza cruciate kuvala:

• kuyamba ndi bandeji bandaging zozungulira;
• lililonse wozungulira latsopano crisscross ndipo alternated ndi view zozungulira za kuvala za m'mene bandeji la lili ndi kuzungulira latsopano anawamvera m'njira proximal ku woyamba zozungulira kuvala.

Zipangizo zoyendera magetsi anakuta spica:

• kuyamba alipo nsalu zozungulira mu lamba phewa (ichi adzakonza ndi zipolopolo loyamba bandeji la);
• kumangirira zina, amayenda nthambi zinkakhala m'dera la olowa phewa kwa iye - ndi lamba phewa, ndiye padziko pachifuwa kudera axillary wa kutsidya lina ndi kubwerera kwa phewa zilonda ndi phewa lamba;
• lililonse wozungulira wotsatira, anakafika pa chifuwa ndi phewa, ikuchitika ndi kuchepetsa mpaka ½ ya matayala.

Malamulo okhudza kubwerera mavalidwe:

• kuyamba ndi imposition wa nthambi nsalu zozungulira;
• padziko kutsogolo kwa chitsa ndi kupanga unakhota;
• kudzera mapeto gawo la chitsa ndi ofukula bandeji ozungulira pamwamba kumbuyo kwake;
• lililonse ulendo umene anabwerera chili ndi kuyenda zozungulira;
• lililonse latsopano ofukula wozungulira ankatembenukira kwa akunja ndiye m'mphepete lamkati la nthambi anavulala;
• maulendo onse Komanso analembedwa chifukwa bandeji helical.

Amatulutsa: mitundu ndi zipangizo aziphatikiza

Ngati munthu kale Chipindacho Mavalidwe, moti zinkamveka izi zipangizo zamakono sizidzakhala zachilendo. Koma, nthawi zambiri, anali kulimbana ndi bandeji yofewa. Popeza kuti anali kwa iwo mphamvu zoyendetsa ngakhale sukulu. Koma pali mtundu zina zazikulu Mavalidwe, ndi imposition amene tiyenera kuwakhulupirira kokha kwa akatswiri.

Musanayambe kuphunzira malamulo zikuluzikulu za ntchito pulasitala, izo m'pofunika kuti timudziwe bwino mitundu alipo mwa zipangizozi.

Kuti pulasitala kuponyedwa monga:

• zozungulira chachikulu kuligaŵa (pambuyo wochiritsidwayo, nthawi iyo kuligaŵa longitudinally);
• maphunziro (mu bandeji zozungulira kupanga dzenje mbali imene umamumvera chithandizo);
• milatho (m'malo fenestrated ntchito choncho kumene gawo kuonongeka chofunika mwayi ochulukirapo);
• Linanena gypsum (anapanga mfundo ziwiri zozungulira, angongole mu dera anzake a mtundu makina kumadalira);
• chosaiwalika (ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kuchiza kulimbikira arthrogenic contracture).

Malamulo zikuluzikulu za ntchito pulasitala:

• onetsetsani pamaso pa zipangizo zonse ndi zipangizo kuti akhoza kutero;
• aletse khalidwe la nsalu kwa imposition a pulasitala ndi;
• khalidwe kukonza nthambi kuwonongeka zimatheka ngati kuyenda mafupa osachepera awiri pafupi ndi zoipa;
• pamene akukonzekera nthambi ya Ufumuyo udindo yabwino (mawu a magwiridwe);
• bandeji ayenera kukhala omasuka ndi saletsa ndi ntchito chimbudzi;
• kuwayang'anira udindo wa kusowa magazi, phalanges osachiritsika zala ndi zala zosatseka;
• pamene bandeji la umagwiritsidwa, thupi kuchotsa kuda pulasitala kupereka ulamuliro pa mkhalidwe wa khungu;
• pakati pa bandeji ndi khungu (m'madera kwambiri Hud) anaika akalowa zofewa amateteza zoipa minofu zofewa;
• pa mbali ya munda wa kuvala sayenera lakuthwa;
• splint a pulasitala ayenera kukhala losalala monyanyira (makwinya amachotsedwa asanayambe ntchito);
• kumulowetsa ndi pulasitala bandeji popanda nkhawa, kupewa mapangidwe kinks ndi makutu magawo superimposed toyalana (pa nsalu mwauzimu mtundu);
• ngati agwiritsidwa nthambi osati Umbombo zala zanu, ndi burashi lonse, kupewa mapazi indentation;
• kupanga kusintha pulasitala bandeji pamaso pulasitala ikamauma.

kuponyera onse mokakamiza zaikidwa. Lembani kuwononga mafupa chithunzi, tsiku pamene choipa chidatengedwa, tsiku limene aikiwa mu pulasitala, ndi tsiku pamene kuyembekezeredwa kuchotsa bandeji.