Bashkirs ndi Chitata: kusiyana mu maonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe

Kamodzi Chitata ndi Bashkirs moyo pamodzi ndi anamanga ufumu waukulu. Iwo amalankhula chinenero pafupi, koma tsopano asapita izi nthawi zina apitirira Kukhala fraternal. Anthu amene mbiri akupondereza dera kwa zaka zambiri, ine ndikutsimikiza kuti chilankhulidwe cha anthu, ndipo kwa zaka tikukhala mu m'dera - yekha ankalankhula chinenero wamkulu ndi wakale. Komanso, ngakhale kuti pali anzathu palokha pa funso: "Ife - iwo amati - anthu amodzi." Ndipo ndithu, mwa dera la anthu a Bashkirs ndi Chitata, kusiyana tsiku ndi tsiku moyo zambiri ziro.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo

Woyandikana sakugwirizana. "Inu moyo kwa iwo okha, koma ife yoperekera." Anthu oyandikana nawo chikhulupiriro Pawokha ake, monga chinenero chawo, kumanga boma lawo. zonena ufulu wodzilamulira anthu lalikulu ngati akufunira. Iwo ali ndi chidaliro kuti dziko loyandikana - mudzagwiritse yokumba. Choyamba, chifukwa ichi chimafika lonjezo limene mbali ina ya bashkorstana chogwidwa ndi Chitata mitundu ndi Bashkirs Komanso, nthawi zambiri kulankhula Chitata. Chilakolako cha anthu lalikulu m'gawo - kupanga chinenero chake lovomerezeka ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu onse ntchito. Ndi kofunika kutsimikizira kuti eni dziko - ndi Bashkirs ndi Chitata kusiyana maganizo kuti kuvomereza.

Komabe, sikuti ntchito. Chitata ndi Bashkirs - anthu, ali ndi chikhulupiriro Tatarstan ndi Chitata midzi ambiri bashkorstana. Bashkirov mlandu chimamangidwa kuloŵerera yokumba ndi chinenero. Izi pamodzi ndi chofunikira m'chilankhulo cha Chitata linakhala dziko wachiwiri Tatarstan.

Choncho, ulamuliro mbiri akuyandikira chauvinism ndi zinazake mtundu nyumbayi. Amene ali bwino kwambiri? Bashkirs ndi Chitata - kusiyana kapena adzadziwire?

Kodi amaundana mikangano fuko

Ndi chodziwikiratu kuti munthu mu Russia anamva za nkhondo zoterozo, koma si chifukwa amatsutsana zonyozeka. Iwo akhoza wolimba kuposa Chirasha Chiyukireniya. Iwo sakudziwa za iwo si chifukwa Russia sindikusamala chimene moyo Chuvash, Chitata ndi Bashkirs. Ndipo Adygeys, Shor, Nenets ndi Dolgan. Ndipo, ndithudi, Yakuts.

Ndi Chitata, Bashkirs komanso kukhala pafupi ndi anthu Russian, ngati ena mitundu yonse 194 wa USSR kale. Izo si kuwerenga anthu ochepa, amenenso mndandanda yaikulu. Pano pali chithunzi Bashkirs ndi Chitata. Kusiyana zithunzi transmits okha zovala lapansi. Banja lina yemweyo!

N'zovuta kuthetsa popanda chitsitsimutso cha chikhalidwe cha kukambirana ndi alibe pafupifupi elites dziko: ndi Bashkirs ndi Chitata - wosamwerana madzi. Ngakhale mikangano si adakhala ndi momwe, nenani, mu Caucasus, kumene Cumans kale (Kumyks) sunayambe wakhalapo mwa mtendere ndi anthu phiri. Kuletsedwa mchitidwe uwu sungakhoze kukhala njira ina kuposa ntchito mphamvu. Chitata ndi Bashkirs anataya si onse.

Kuvuta national

Taganizirani zikuchokera mitundu kwambiri. Kalembera otsiriza anasonyeza 29% ya Bashkirs mu Bashkorstane. Chitata nakhala 25%. Mu ulamuliro wa Soviet, kalembera anasonyeza pafupifupi wofanana chiwerengero cha onse. Tsopano Chitata mlandu Bashkorstan mu postscript ndi kuloŵerera, ndi Bashkirs kutsimikizira kuti "otatarennye" Bashkirs anabwerera umunthu wawo. Komabe, koposa monga Bashkorstane Russian - 36%, ndi chimene iwo amaganiza za izo, palibe amene akufunsa.

Russian moyo makamaka m'madera a m'tauni, pamene akumidzi kulamulidwa ndi Bashkirs ndi Chitata, Russian kusiyana amene diso si noticeable. Mu Russian pali mikangano mizu ndi mtundu wina uliwonse, ngakhale amene kusamalidwa ndi Bashkirs ndi Chitata. Kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha ubwenzi kwambiri moti nkhondo m'dzikoli m'deralo Turkey Russian ndi zambiri zokayikitsa.

Mbiri ya boma

Mbiri yakale, Russia unakhazikitsidwa ku madera anthu anthu osiyanasiyana, ngati patchwork zoyala. Ndipo pambuyo zisinthe, ndithudi, funso kukhalanso ya anthu awa. Mu zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet ndipo anapanga malire a Bashkortostan, kuphatikizapo ambiri Chitata m'madera awo. Tatarstan anapereka ntchito zawo zodabwitsa unanimity chili pano ndi SRs Idel-Ural, ndi Bolsheviks Chitata Bashkir Soviet Republic. Iwo ankaganiza boma limodzi ndi anthu amodzi.

Komabe, Bashkirs, amene anali mu Russian Ufumu, gulu la asilikali, mofanana Cossacks ndi, anapanga asilikali Akunjenjemera mphamvu m'dera Urals. Soviet Russia anawasankha pambuyo kusainira mgwirizanowo. Zikuoneka kuti Small Bashkurdistan, kumene Bashkirs mitundu, adzakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Bashkirs lapansi. Terms of mgwirizano, ndithudi, nthawi chosemphana Bashkirs ananyamuka, koma zikuthera mu 1922, pafupifupi onse a chigawo Ufa kale anali mu Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Pambuyo pake, pali anthu ena kusintha malire: Bashkorstan anataya m'madera akumidzi kumene kuli kokha chifukwa Bashkirs, koma anatsanzika.

Today bashkorstana malire - gawo la kuzunza mtundu wa Bashkirs, ndipo sakufuna kuwapatsa. N'chifukwa chake Bashkirs ndi Chitata, kusiyana amene Russian Mwachitsanzo, si lomwe ndi kuyesa kupasuka okha mzake. Pamene chiwerengero cha Chitata mu Bashkortostan angafanane ndi chiwerengero cha Bashkirs, kudzikonda Bashkir Kupititsa chilli ndi kuopsezedwa zonse. Inde, Chitata akukhala Bashkortostan, mphamvu zonse mumatsutsana ndi kufuna United boma dziko.

Non-olusa ke

Tsankho mkangano wa Chitata ndi Bashkirs Russia anakwanitsa amaundana. Koma iye sanali anaphedwa, ndipo pali chiopsezo kuti tsiku lina kumasuka. Ngati Republic anali yekha, ndiye nkhondo n'zokayikitsa ndi yaitali ndekha, koma Mulimonsemo, mungayesere. Boma mtundu - nthawizonse chinthu choipa: kuno n'zotheka kukumbukira Ossetians ndi Abkhazians, Georgia adawopa ntchito mtundu, Gagauz mwa Moldovans, Serbia, Croatia. Mu njira yomweyo, ndi Chitata sindikufuna cigawo mu chikhalidwe cha Bashkirs, n'kusiya golideyo kwa.

Mpaka magazi anakhetsedwa, ndi chonena kale analengeza, tingayembekezere ndi kukambirana mwamtendere ndi chigamulocho zonse zotsutsana. Kusiyana pakati pa Chitata ndi Bashkirs maganizo tingagonjetse.

Ndiyeno kodi zonena za zipani? Bashkirs ndikufuna inviolability ya malire ndi mfundo za Bashkir State. Chitata sindikufuna kutaya kutsogolera dera. Chitata bashkorstanskie ndikufuna umunthu wawo yekha ndi chinenero chawo. Ndipo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Tatarstan ambiri nationalists amene akufuna Big Tatarstan.

mgwirizano zinthu

Bashkirs ndikufuna "Bashkir" pa dziko lawo - tiyeni ake pamodzi nawo a inviolability ya malire. Chitata simukufuna kuphunzira - tiyeni kulandira ukutitsimikizira kuti iwo kupewa kuuza chinenero Bashkir Bashkir ndi abwino. Tatarstan akufuna kukhala mtsogoleri m'chigawo - kukhala okhutira ndi ofanana.

Onse mitundu bashkorstana ayenera ali ndi ufulu kulandira maphunziro m'chinenero chawo (ndi phunziro kuvomerezedwa Bashkir ngati nkhani zosiyana). chinenero cha Chitata angagwiritsidwe ntchito mphamvu bashkorstana, koma sanakhale ndi chinenero pa ndime ndi Bashkir.

Bashkorstan mwina atchule quotas dziko, kuti akhale otsogolera a Bashkirs, koma kunalinso nthumwi a mitundu ina, ndipo adzakhala amakana kuphunzira Chitata ndi mpheto a kalembera. Tatarstan aleke zonena Kupititsa ndi ku makonzedwe a nzika wapawiri. Bashkorstan waives amanena ake kwa kudziyimira pawokha national-malo. Koma chiyembekeza zimenezi kukambirana udzachitike posachedwa, sichinafike.

Justice ankakhala mu gehena ndi paradaiso - yekha kukonda

Chotero dongosolo angaone kukondera Ndithu chimodzi ndi mbali zina. Koma kodi zina, kuposa kukondweretsa? Kusiyana pakati pa Chitata ndi Bashkirs Pankhaniyi kulibe, ndipo zidzakhala zoipa kwa aliyense. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi Chitata kumvetsa kuti dziko - chinsinsi zonena zawo utsogoleri. Chitata akukhala Bashkorstane, adzatumikira monga kugwirizana pakati pa mayiko a.

Ndipo ngati nkhondo, ngakhale wogonjetsa kuchitika, Tatarstan afika adani oipa pa malire, kuphatikiza ichi, kuti asaone umayenda lonse, koma adzakhala kwambiri kuwaganizira Zoipa ochokera ku mayiko chomwe chili pafupi. Mwamtendere ndi Bashkirs sanafooke malire a Republic ndi udindo wa anthu ake m'deralo.

Bashkirs sapeza kwambiri kumvetsa. Sungani malire ndi udindo wa mtundu titular n'chotheka mu nkhani ya mgwirizano ndi anthu a ku Republic. Pali njira: ulamuliro wa kuyeretsa dziko yosiyanasiyana. Palibe wabwino kwa bashkorstana limalonjeza - palibe udindo padziko lonse, ngakhale timakhala ake ndi anansi ake apamtima.

Tsopano kwa Russian, limene ambiri

Kodi kukhala imeneyi, amoyo Russian m'madera bashkorstana ndi Tatarstan? Tsopano Chirasha ali ndi mwayi akanagwiritsa ku mayiko onse, ngakhale dziko awo onse. Pali ulamuliro okwana chinenero Russian mu malonda, pa TV onse ndi kufalitsa ndi BOMA pafupifupi kwathunthu amachitika Russian, ngakhale kumene chiwerengero cha anthu Russian ndi yaing'ono.

Mu Bashkortostan n'zosavuta kukwera ntchito makwerero, osadziwa Chitata kapena Bashkir. Koma ngakhale oseketsa kulankhula za izo, ngati munthu sadziwa Russian. Inu sangafanane chiphunzitso cha Bashkir ndi Chitata ana Russian ndi kuphunzitsa Russian Chitata ndi Bashkirs. Russian lamulo la chinenero, popanda yekha ndi mmene tingathere kuti sitinganene za umwini wa Russian chinenero dziko mayiko.

Russian mulimonse, "bashkirizatsiya" amapezeka kapena "tatarizatsiya" - Mulimonsemo, pa wotsatira zaka zingapo osachepera gawo la chinenero cha Chirasha adzakhala ambiri apamwamba kuposa aliyense dziko. Izo zinachitika, ngakhale zonena zonse kulingana ndi chilungamo. A chifaniziro ndale akhoza kugawidwa ndi pangano, ngati waudindo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo ndikufuna Bashkirs ndi Chitata. Kusiyana pakati pawo zonyozeka ndi zofunika kwambiri monga chipembedzo: pambali kusakhulupirira kwawo Orthodoxy, amene alipo ku mayiko onse, ambiri amati Sunni Islam.

patsogolo

Chiyembekezo kusintha asapita Bashkir-Chitata anatuluka pambuyo Pulezidenti M. Rakhimov. Pulezidenti wa dziko anasinthanitsa maulendo. Mu Ufa ndinayamba Chitata TNV njira mu mawonekedwe a atolankhani ofesi.

Kuchuluka mgwirizano chikhalidwe ndi nkhani za chuma mayiko amenewa. Ngakhale mavuto sanathetsedwe sanapite ndi kukhala timakhala pakati pa maiko awiri ndi zotsutsana zambiri. Ndipotu, izo ziri zachirendo kuti elites mitundu ya anthu chilankhulo lotsatira ndi chikhalidwe chomwecho otukuka, sikutheka migwirizano njira mavuto mtundu zomanga.

Location ndi masomphenya osiyanasiyana danga ethno ndale? 1917-D ndi zolakwika zake, mwina yankho amazipanga kutali tsopano, koma Komabe, pali mikangano chobisika akadali bwanji mtima wa anthu awiri abale.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo

Ngati inu kwete, mukhoza kusankha ku chinsalu cha zochitika zapitazo zinthu zazikulu zisanu cha zimenezi. The choyamba - ndi m'maganizo, ndi zina - cholinga ndithu.

1. udani ndi kusowa wathunthu wa kumvetsa pakati pa atsogoleri Zaki Validi ndi Gayazom Iskhaki.

Zaki Walid anali mtsogoleri wa Bashkir kumasulidwa kuyenda kuchokera 1917 mpaka 1920. Orientalist, mbiri, Ph.D., pulofesa ndi membala aulemu a ku yunivesite ya Manchester m'tsogolo. Ndipo komabe - monga mtsogoleri.

Ayaz İshaki - ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la kayendedwe ka Tatarstan, wofalitsa ndi wolemba, publicist ndi ndale. Odzipereka Muslim - predominated pokonzekera, ndiyeno kugwira msonkhano woyamba wa Asilamu chisanadze chosintha Moscow. Anzeru ophunzira anthu, chifukwa si bwino?

2. nkhani Dziko wakhala analankhula ndi Chitata ndi Bashkirs m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Chitata zaka 365 kuyambira kulamulira kenako m'mayiko onse anagwidwa pa Mongol-Chitata goli, monga udindo madera awa anali njira: mitsinje, misewu, zamalonda. nthawi yoyamba - pambuyo 1552, ndiye - m'zaka za m'ma 18 chitsimikizo lachifumu ku Tatarstan anali anathetsa ambuye ang'onoang'ono ndi dziko anasamutsa alendo Russian ndi zopereka. Popeza landlessness wakhala tsoka kwenikweni kwa Chitata.

Koma n'zosiyana m'dera Bashkir, amene ali mu tsarist ufumu patrimonial lamanja, ndipo nthawi anamenyera izo mtsogolo. Pa njala, choncho pansi tsars pa nthawi - kamodzi mu zaka 3-5, komanso pa kukonza Stolypin mu Bashkiria anafika m'dziko Russia ndi ku dziko yapafupi. Anapanga wamba ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nkhani dziko linali mu Bashkiria nthawi zikuchepa kwambiri, ndipo kuyambira 1917 wakhala chinthu mapangidwe gulu dziko.

3. Tsukani malo Hrs wa Chitata ndi Bashkir mayiko.

Earth Chitata anali mu kuya kwa Ufumu, iwo analibe malire ndi zigawo aliyense mmphepete, chimene chingalowe kuphatikiza khama pa zinthu wamba. Bashkiria pafupifupi malire pa Kazakhstan - Russian ndi makilomita makumi asanu m'dziko analekanitsa Republic Chrixitu. Mwina wa ukwati udali waukulu ndithu.

4. Ena mwa kusiyana dongosolo la kuthetsa wa Bashkirs ndi Chitata mu Russian Ufumu.

Omwazika kuthetsa Chitata pamaso zitasintha, ngakhale pa mayiko awo sindiwo ambiri, ndi Bashkirs, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu pa mayiko awo ndi ambiri.

5. zikhalidwe ndi maphunziro mlingo wa Bashkirs ndi Chitata.

Pamene omwazika resettlement wa Chitata, chida chawo chachikulu chinali nzeru, kukhulupirika ndi bungwe. Mphamvu ya Bashkirs sanali madrassas ndi nzeru. Iwo anali ndi malo, anali Asilikaliwo ndi wokonzeka pa mphindi iliyonse kuteteza ufulu wawo.

Ngakhale zinthu zimenezi zingakhale Bashkirs wochezeka kwambiri ndi Chitata. Photos m'nkhani anasonyeza kangati kwenikweni fraternal ndi zabwino asapita anansi.