Behaviorism mu maganizo, makhalidwe anu anganene za inu

Kuyambira nthawi ya kukhalapo wa zamaganizo sayansi, nkhani zake zinali njira zosiyana ndi njira. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ife kuunikila zikuluzikulu m'madera a maganizo, behaviorism, psychoanalysis komanso a anthu malangizo. Njira chidwi kwambiri zikuoneka kuti behaviorism, yokhudza khalidwe kunja ndikuoneka ngati mutu wa zamaganizo. Behaviorism - ndi malangizo kuwerenga maganizo, osaganizira njira mkati kuti palibe kuti zi- kunja. Choncho, kuwerenga maganizo choyenera nthawi zambiri pafupi sayansi zachilengedwe, zimene chinthu kuphunzira alipo osati mtumiki wake. Akamanena za mtima wa munthu, zimene zimayambitsa zonse zochitika zina za kafukufuku anthu tikuona kuchokera zochitika anaona. Behaviourism mu kuwerenga maganizo anakana kulemera kwa njira iliyonse mkati omwe sali pansi kuonerera, mwachitsanzo, chikumbumtima, malingaliro, zomverera, etc.

Mbiri ya njira khalidwe kwa zamaganizo

Ngakhale kuti sitingathe molondola kutchedwa chaka zosayembekezereka wa behaviorism monga malangizo (iyi si chinthu chimodzi nthawi), mwalamulo kuwerenga maganizo ngati sayansi ya khalidwe unachokera mu 1913. Chiyambi bambo chibadidwe khalidwe ankaona Dzhon Uotson, amene anakana kufunika chikugwirabe mu kuwerenga maganizo. Only kunja ndikuoneka khalidwe dongosolo analengeza kwambiri kuphunzira psyche anthu. Pamaso Watson zisudzo pa msonkhano wa American Psychological Association behaviorist malingaliro, monga iwo amati, anali mu mlengalenga. kafukufuku The anangopereka iwo olengeza n'kupereka kafukufuku pa nkhaniyi. Behaviorism mu kuwerenga maganizo anasonyeza ambiri chosintha zinthu mu bungwe la nthawi. Mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene munthu akuganiza ndi dziphunzitsiranso ndi reflex a Mnazareti Descartes, amene m'nthawi ya 17, kuyesa chiphunzitso cha reflex. Mu Russia, anthu a behaviorism monga Pavlov (ndi kuphunzira kwake makonzedwe ndi bongo chopanda malire nyama) ndi B. spondylitis (reflexology).

Akamanena za njira

Mawu chachikulu cha njira imeneyi ndi "kuwalimbikitsa" ndi "Poyankha". Ndipotu mothandizidwa ndi iwo ndipo limafotokoza onse khalidwe la munthu. Chakale dera khalidwe: nzothandiza amayambitsa zotsatira. Ngati ife tikudziwa zikuchitika chifukwa ena anachita kapena munthu wina, tingathe ziri kulankhula, naweruzire ndi kutsogolera khalidwe la munthu wa m'njira yoyenera. Pali mfundo zina kiyi, amene umagwira behaviorism. Mu kuwerenga maganizo khalidwe komanso ntchito "kuwalimbikitsa" ndi "chilango" chimene chimatsogoleredwa ndi khalidwe. Ndi kulimbikitsidwa ndi chilango zingakhale zabwino ndi zoipa. Ngati tikufuna kuti akalandire khalidwe namfunsa, ntchito zolimbikitsa zabwino kapena zoipa. Ngati mukufuna kuwononga unyolo "nzothandiza-ayankhe", ntchito chilango.

Pomaliza

Pakali pano, behaviorism mu kuwerenga maganizo amagwira ntchito yofunika Mwachitsanzo, pomanga ndondomeko maphunziro kapena pochita yosiyanasiyana yochepa misala. Kumene, pali zofooka za njira imeneyi, ena mwa mavuto abwino. Irreducibility zovuta psyche anthu kuti ndondomeko wina kapena limagwirira zimapangitsa asayansi ambiri kutembenukira kwa mitundu njira zosiyana ndi njira.