Ndi mizinda yambiri wowonongeka dziko?

Mzinda umene ayenera mutu kwambiri zachilengedwe tcheru mu dziko? M'madera ena pali owononga thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu? Tiyeni kusankha pamwamba 10 kwambiri wowonongeka m'mizinda mu dziko.

Sumgait

mzinda Chiazebajani wa Sumgait anakhazikitsidwa mu 40s Mu zaka zapitazo. Poyamba, pakhala mofulumira kuchuluka kwa anthu. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma chiwerengero cha anthu oposa mu kota ya miliyoni. Posakhalitsa anayamba kufika timafunitsitsa kusowa nyumba. Choncho, mbali yaikulu ya anthu anafunika kungodziwa huddle mu yochepetsetsa zipinda hostels ambiri.

Komabe, kuchepekedwa nyumba anali kwa anthu a Sumgayit si vuto lalikulu. M'dera ikusonyezera akupanga gawo lonse la zomera mankhwala, ntchito imene zaka zambirimbiri wawasinthira chikhalidwe kamodzi onunkhira a chipululu kutenthedwa.

Panopa Sumgait, limene lili pa mtunda wa makilomita 30 kuchokera likulu Chiazebajani Baku, kunyumba kwa anthu za 260.000. Mu Soviet Union, lili pafupi 40 mafakitale ku chigawo cha mzinda, amene zikugwira zotsimikizira zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. The makampani waukulu monga "Khimprom", "Aluminiyamu Bzalani", "Organic kaphatikizidwe", komabe zikugwira ntchito pa mphamvu zonse.

Chaka chilichonse mu mlengalenga mzindawu n'kuthamangitsidwa matani 70 120 mpweya Yoipa, omwe chifukwa cha processing wa mankhwala chlorine munali, labala, zitsulo, komanso kupanga mankhwala, okonza banja. Lero, chifukwa cha polojekiti zachilengedwe, kuipitsa mu dera anakana. Komabe, ngakhale anthu zinthu imatulutsidwa mu mlengalenga, zokwanira madzi m'deralo ndi nthaka amakhala unusable.

Sizikuyenda zinthu zachilengedwe sanathe koma zingadwalitse anthu. Choncho, mlingo wa matenda moyo pachiswe n'zapamwamba ndi oposa 50% poyerekeza ndi m'madera ena a dziko. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Sumgait chaka akulowa kusanja mizinda kwambiri wowonongeka dziko.

Linfen

Kupitiriza kafukufukuyu 10 kwambiri wowonongeka m'mizinda mu dziko, mmodzi sangaunyalanyaze imodzi mwa malo aakulu kwambiri m'mafakitale China pansi pa dzina la Linfen. Inkakhala ku waukulu dera malasha a dziko. Ozungulira m'deralo zachilengedwe phiri koma lili ndi mabomba a m'zigawo za mchere. Komanso zambiri za migodi ndi kupanga kupanga oletsedwa. Kuwononga ntchito yawo padziko koloko kuipitsanso nthaka pansi madipoziti.

Komabe, mabomba ambiri ali m'mavuto ochepa. Kuwonjezera m'migodi ndi gulu lalikulu la malasha zomera processing ntchito m'boma mzinda. Pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, limene limabwezeretsa antchito anangofika kumene, ndi kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha magalimoto. utsi kwawo kwachititsa mpweya poizoni mu mlengalenga kwa amalonda ozungulira zinachititsa kuti zoopsa Arsenic zili mu mlengalenga.

mumzindawo azituluka mu masks zoteteza kuti zosefera poizoni oopsa ndipo pang'ono kuthetsa caustic makala fungo. Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya mu Linfen n'kofunika kwambiri kuti kabudula pambuyo kusamba, anapachika pawindo wakhala wakuda kwathunthu patapita mphindi pang'ono. Ambiri okhala m'mudzi akuvutika ndi matenda, chibayo, matenda ena a m'mapapo.

Kabwe

Tipitirize kuganizira mizinda yambiri wowonongeka dziko. Kenako mu kusanja athu - Kabwe mzinda, yomwe ili makilomita 150 kuchokera mtundu African likulu la Zambia. Imathamanga m'dera lino mu madipoziti dziko lonse la miyala patsogolo kulemera. Kwa zaka pano mayendedwe a mafakitale zitsulo poizoni ncho. Kupanda kulamulira zinthu zachilengedwe m'chigawo kumayambitsa kwambiri mpweya, pansi ndi dothi. Pa mtunda wa makumi makilomita ku mzinda anoli kusamwa ku zitsime, komanso monga kupuma mpweya. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kutsogolera magazi kuposa Chiwerengero cha mzindawo maulendo oposa 10 malire chovomerezeka.

Dzerzhinsk

Mndandanda wa mizinda yambiri wowonongeka dziko kugwa Russian Dzerzhinsk. Soviet zotsatira za malo amenewa ndi yaikulu maofesi mafakitale processing zipangizo mankhwala yaiwisi. Only mu nyengo ya dothi 1930 m'dera "Polemeretsedwa" matani oposa 300 zikwi mankhwala chakupha.

Malinga ndi kufufuza kwatsopano, lero chiwerengero cha phenols moyo pachiswe ndi dioxins carcinogenic madzi m'dera upambana ntchito mfundo za nthawi masauzande ochepa. Avereji wamwamuna moyo amayembekezeka pano ndi zaka 42., ndi akazi - zaka 47. Popeza pamwamba, n'zosadabwitsa kuti Dzerzhinsk m'gulu mndandanda, amene ali m'mizinda yambiri wowonongeka pa zachilengedwe a dziko.

Norilsk

Kuyambira zaka zoyambirira linakhalapo, ndi Russian Norilsk anawonjezera kuti mndandanda, ndiwo ambiri wowonongeka m'mizinda ya dziko ndi mpweya. Ndi 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, mudzi uyu ali ndi mbiri ya anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a makampani kwambiri pa dziko.

Malinga deta atsopano ku Organization kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe mu dziko pachaka limatulutsa m'deralo oposa tonnes 1000 katundu poizoni wa kuvunda wa faifi tambala ndi mkuwa. Mu mlengalenga ladzala ndi okusayidi yovuta sulfure. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pafupifupi moyo amayembekezeka am'deralo anachepetsedwa ndi zaka 10-15 poyerekeza ndi zina dziko.

La Oroya

Peru mafakitale mzinda wa La Oroya komanso kugwa pa pamwamba pamene pali mizinda kwambiri wowonongeka dziko. Pang'ono m'dera yomwe inali mu m'tsinde mwa Andes, kumene madipoziti miyala ali anaikira zitsulo ambiri. M'kupita kwa zaka zambiri zikugwira m'zigawo za kutsogolera, mkuwa, nthaka ndi mchere padziko lonse mafakitale. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zachilengedwe mu dera akhala popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe ziwalo. Today mzinda wa La Oroya mwachisoni kudadziwika ku South America malo kumene apamwamba amafa mwa ana.

Sukinde

Poganizira mizinda yambiri wowonongeka dziko ayenera kulabadira Indian mafakitale pakati Sukinde. Amalima oposa 95% ya chromium mu dziko. Chifukwa cha mzinda mkati mwa zaka zochepa, izo zakhala chenicheni zinyalala zonyasa. M'chigawo cha mudzi, pali n'chodabwitsa zosiyanasiyana kwathunthu chiyambi munthu.

M'mlengalenga pamwamba Sukinde ejected tani hexavalent chromium. Ndi chinthu kudziwika monga chothandizira zamphamvu zimene zimabweretsa mapangidwe maselo a khansa mu thupi. Lalikulu zedi la carcinogen akapezeka osati mpweya wamba, komanso nthaka ndi madzi, amene ntchito ndi anthu a m'mudzi akumwa.

Chernobyl

Monga amadziwika, ndi Chernobyl tsoka, zomwe zinachitika zaka zapitazo, mpaka lero choopsa munthu wachititsa ngozi pa dziko mu mbiri ya anthu. Kale mu zaka zoyambirira pambuyo kuphulika kwa nyukiliya zomera mphamvu riyakitala, chiwerengero cha anthu amene mwa anthu kuposa chithunzi cha miliyoni 5.5. The zikuluzikulu ngozi inawasandutsa osayenera moyo si mzinda wapafupi wa Pripyat, komanso zinachititsa kuti pakhale wa utali wozungulira m'dera kupatulana 30 Km padziko m'mudzi.

Chaka chilichonse Chernobyl ndi zonse pachikhalidwe mu mndandanda, kumene ndi mizinda yambiri wowonongeka dziko. Matani mazana a nyukiliyazo basi Unakhala ndi ureniamu akadali anaikira mu dera lomwe lili ndi riyakitala dilapidated. Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma m'dera la zimene zili m'gulu zoni kupatulana, akupitiriza moyo anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu.

Vapi

mzinda India Vapi ali anthu oposa 70 zikwi. Onsewo ali m'madera pali kuchuluka thanzi anthu ndi moyo. Monga deta mabungwe zachilengedwe, panopa palibe luso umene ungampange m'dera woyera mpweya, madzi ndi dothi poizoni.

Vapi lili m'dera la mafakitale lamba kutalika dziko la makilomita pafupifupi 400. mabizinesi Local kupewa mtengo wa ndalama kwa yobwezeretsanso, amene kuwunjikana mu malo ndi umasinthasintha kwathunthu mu chigawo cha mzinda. Vapi ndi mtundu wa zinyalala dambo kwa midzi yapafupi.

Apa pali kudzikundikira ikuluikulu ya zinyalala mankhwala, nsalu, mafuta kuyenga mabizinezi. zitsulo, poizoni, mankhwala okhala ndi chlorine ndi Mercury mankhwala tsiku kugwa mu mtsinje ndi madzi mobisa, zotsalira Magwero akulu a akumwa kwa anthu akuderalo. Kumvetsa lonse la kuwononga chilengedwe, ingoyang'anani pa mtsinje Colac, limene lili pafupi Vapi. Ofufuza, mu madzi a yamasika alibiretu moyo kwachilengedwenso.

pomaliza

Kotero ife anayang'ana pa zimene mizinda yambiri wowonongeka dziko kwenikweni oyenera mthupi mwawo. Ndipotu, mndandanda wa midzi moyo pachiswe zikuphatikizapo mazana a m'mizinda padziko lonse. Mu masanjidwe wathu ndiye anapereka yekha zitsanzo chidwi kwambiri anali mosasamala wa munthu chikhalidwe ndi malo awo.