Best dystopia (buku): mwachidule, zizindikiro ndemanga

Tisanakambirane buku bwino mu mtundu wanyimbo dystopian, za nkhani zake, ndi kumvetsa chifukwa chake buku la mtundu wanyimbo imeneyi nthawi zonse chifukwa owerenga chidwi chenicheni, kubwerera ku chiyambi cha mawu.

ndi "odana enaake" n'chiyani?

Mawu akuti "odana enaake" chaonekera mabuku monga wosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito zolembedwa mu mtundu wanyimbo wa enaake. Wolemba woyamba amene anapereka chiyambi cha gulu lonse zolembalemba, anali English nzeru zapamwamba Thomas More. Yambani zosatheka mtundu wanyimbo anapanga kuwonetsera wake "enaake" buku (1516). Kwenikweni, ambiri mwa ntchito zake anasonyeza anthu abwino kumene tizikhala mosangalala ndiponso mwamtendere. Dzina la dziko lino - ndi enaake.

Mosiyana wake ntchito "wopambana" anayamba kuoneka ntchito ya olemba, kuwauza za zosemphana dera, dziko kapena dziko. Mu boma okha ufulu wa munthu, ufulu wa kuganiza ndi zambiri. Ntchito olembedwa mu njira iyi, ankatchedwa antiutopia.

Mu otanthauzira "dystopia" amakhala ngati mavuto chiyembekezo, zopusa za nkhondo chosintha, ndi indispensability zoipa chikhalidwe. Science samaoneka ngati njira yothetsera mavuto padziko lonse ndi njira yomanga kuti chikhalidwe, koma monga njira muukapolo munthu.

N'zovuta kudziwa mabuku mu mtundu wanyimbo ichi ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kusanja awo, monga ulamuliro, kumatengera zifukwa zambiri: dziko ndi boma, zinthu ndi zachuma, nthawi komanso msinkhu wa owerenga. Kumene, yekha monga buku yabwino enaake ndi dystopia ndi ntchito zoyamba olembedwa Mitundu izi.

Chiyambi cha dystopia

Malo akuti, komanso antagonist ake, anakhala England. Mu 1848, nzeru zapamwamba Dzhon Mill kwa nthawi yoyamba anagwiritsa ntchito mawu "antiutopist" ngati otsutsana a "zosatheka." Monga mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba, mawu akuti "odana enaake" anayambitsa H. Negley ndi M. Patrick mu "Kufunafuna enaake" (1952).

polemba chinenero The asangalala kale kwambiri. Mu makumi, mu anadzuka za nkhondo dziko kusintha maganizo zosatheka anayamba akuyendera. N'zosadabwitsa kuti dziko loyamba kuzindikira maganizo anakhala Bolshevik Russia. Kumanga dziko latsopano wachititsa chidwi chenicheni kwa anthu padziko lonse, ndi dongosolo latsopano anakhala mwankhanza kunyoza ntchito Chingelezi. Tsopano kutenga mzere woyamba wa mndandanda "Top dystopia", "Books wa nthawi zonse":

• 1932 - "Olimba Mtima New World", Aldous Huxley.
• 1945 - "ubweya munda" George Orwell ..
• 1949 - "1984", George Orwell ..

Kunena awa, pamodzi ndi kukana nkhanza chikominisi, ngati wina aliyense, izo zimanyezimiritsa chisokonezo ambiri kuti n'zotheka chitukuko soulless. ntchito izi kuti zidakali wa nthawi yabwino odana enaake. Books polemba chinenero ichi mu ankafuna tsopano. Kotero chinsinsi cha dystopia?

Akamanena za dystopia

Monga Tingaone pamwamba, dystopia - ndi parody wa lingaliro zosatheka. Likutsindika kuopsa chikhalidwe kusanganikirana "zopeka" mfundo. Ndiko kuti, jambulani mzere wa pakati zenizeni ndi zopeka. The dystopias umasonyeza otchedwa anthu angwiro, anafotokoza dziko lamkati la munthu amene ali m'dziko lino. maganizo ake, malingaliro.

Ndinawona ku "mkati 'akusonyeza chikhalidwe cha m'dziko, wosakongola ake mkati mpaka kunja. Zochita likukhalira kuti anthu abwino si wangwiro. Kumvetsa mmene munthu wamba ndi kulipira chimwemwe chonse, ndi kulimbikitsa zabwino dystopia. Books zambiri olembedwa ndi alembi amene chinthu kuphunzira ndi moyo wa munthu, wapadera ndipo mwadzidzidzi.

Dystopia amasonyeza "dziko latsopano" kuchokera mkati mwa munthu amene amakhala ku izo. Pakuti ambiri, makina soulless wa anthu boma ngati gudumu a. Ndipo pa nthawi inayake munthu lingathandize zachilengedwe maganizo a anthu omwe sikugwirizana ndi dongosolo alipo, zochokera zofooka, malamulo oletsa ndi Kumvetsela zofuna za boma.

Pakati pa munthu ndi kuti chikhalidwe ndi nkhondo. Dystopia zikusonyeza zosagwirizana maganizo zosatheka ndi zinthu payekha. Imasonyeza absurdity ntchito n'komwe. Limasonyeza bwanji Kuyanjana pakathi analengeza egalitarianism akutembenukira; polity mokakamiza azonse anthu; patsogolo zamakono amasintha munthu mu zida. Lakonzedwa kuti asonyeze yabwino dystopia.

Ntchito mu mtundu wanyimbo wa enaake akulozera njira ku ungwiro. Cholinga cha odana enaake - kusonyeza absurdity wa lingaliro, kuchenjeza anthu za kuopsa kuyembekezera pa njira iyi. Kumvetsa njira chikhalidwe ndi wauzimu, kupenda zolakwika, dystopia sinafike kukana, koma amafuna zinkalosera deadlock ndi zotsatira za njira zotheka kuwagonjetsa iwo.

Best dystopia

Books umene unachitika maonekedwe a odana enaake, cholinga kusonyeza zimene zingachititse zochitika chokhumudwitsa nthawi yathu, zomwe amapindula iwo akhoza kubweretsa. Kunena zimenezi ndi izi:

• 1871 - "The Mpikisano Kudza", E. Bulwer-Lytton.
• 1890 - "ndime Kaisara", J. Donnelly.
• 1907 - "The Iron chidendene", J. London ..

Mu mmasate, pali chiwerengero cha ntchito - machenjezo ndi dystopia onena kuopseza lopondereza:

• 1930 - "The Autocracy a Mr. Pargema" Wells.
• 1935 - "Ife zimenezi n'zosathekadi," Lewis.
• 1936 - "nkhondo ndi Newts", K. Capek.

Izi iwonso monga mankhwala pamwamba ndi Huxley, Orwell. "Fahrenheit 451" (1953) ndi R. Bradbury ndi chimodzi mwa mabuku abwino polemba chinenero ichi.

Choncho, amayi anaganiza kuti dystopia izi. Books (mndandanda wa bwino wa iwo, amadziwika kuti nthawi zonse anazindikira wachiwiri kwa aliyense mu chimango cha malangizo amenewa, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu), izi adakali akumufuna. Komanso, lero iwo ali zogwirizana kwambiri kuposa kale. mtengo chawo n'chiyani? Kodi kuchenjeza analemba mabuku amenewa?

Kuchokera tingachipeze powerenga kuti chi

Nkhani R. Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451" Mosakayikira, ndi tingachipeze powerenga odana ndi zosatheka mtundu wanyimbo. Buku nthawi zonse. Mlembi, mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa, anachenjeza za kuopa Ulamuliro pano. owerenga Opinion kusiya ndemanga mankhwala ofanana ndi mmene anaoneratu ndi wolemba. Kodi tsopano zikuchitika Bradbury ananeneratu zaka zingapo zapitazo. ndi nkhani imeneyi, zaka zambiri osati kusiya mizere yoyamba ya mndandanda wa "Top dystopia" n'chiyani?

Books polemba chinenero ichi kwenikweni analembedwa "mbuye chifanizo cha moyo wa munthu." Kodi zolondola ambiri a iwo ankatha kusonyeza dziko mumtima wa munthu ndi m'tsogolo pa nthawi imeneyo. Nkhani "madigiri 451" - munthu wolimba kwambiri, bwino olembedwa m'buku. wolemba anayamba wowerenga anthu wamba. Lifikira mu nyumba wamba kumene Hostess renounces moyo padziko "zipolopolo" - wailesi kapena nakhalanso televizornymi makoma. Bwino? Ngati "televizornye khoma" tidzasinthidwa ndi mawu akuti "Internet ndi TV", timachotsa zenizeni otizungulira.

dziko, kukopedwa ndi wolemba, tinkangoona ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza, kutsanulira kwa okamba zikwangwani munzere otsetsereka multimeter zojambula olimba. Axamwali m'malo "abale" kuchokera zowonetsera chidwi zinthu ndi kudya nthawi yake yonse yopuma. kukongola Environmental nthawi kumanzere - maluwa ya masika ndi dzuwa, likamalowa ndi sunrises, ngakhale ana awo.

Koma anthu amene amakhala mwa okamba za makoma, osangalala. Ndi Chinsinsi cha chimwemwe ndi losavuta: zimafanana. Iwo sakufuna kuti moyo yekha mu dziko la zipinda moyo wawo. Iwo sanalinso ofunikira. Ochepa kumbukirani, ochepa ndikuganiza Mitu yawo yatsekera ndi chimodzimodzi.

Books m'dziko lolamulidwa chiletso. Kusunga mabuku - ndi chilango. Apa nazitentha. Firefighters osandimva moyo, osati kuzimitsa moto. Iwo kuwotcha mabuku. Potero kuwononga miyoyo ya anthu. Mmodzi wa ngwazi za nkhaniyi, yozimitsa moto Guy Montag, wakumana kamodzi mtsikana amene amalowerera "kugwedeza mmwamba" khalidwe, kudzutsa iye kufuna moyo wabwinobwino, ndi mfundo lenileni.

Orwell ndi buku lake

Ntchito mwa wolemba izi amadziwa zinthu zabwino odana enaake. Books Orwell a "1984" ndi "minda ubweya" amasonyeza kwambiri kuti anthu amene amatha kuganiza monga munthu wina aliyense, ali inaletsedwa.

"1984" - buku zidzasintha zimene kampani akuonetsedwa ngati dongosolo opondereza zochokera ukapolo wauzimu ndi thupi. Zinapatsira ndi udani ndi mantha. The townsfolk wa dziko lino moyo pansi pa maso diso la "m'bale chachikulu". "Utumiki wa Choonadi" wawononga mbiri, nthawi zimene mfundo kuwononga vuto lililonse kapena kusiya.

"Utsi", ndiye kusankha chikhalidwe, ndi gawo la makina boma. Munthu akhoza kumangidwa, akhoza kumasula. Ndipo ndi kuti zikupita akusowa. Kukhala m'dziko lino si kophweka. boma kumayambitsa nkhondo, kuuza anthu kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino. "Dziko - izi ndi nkhondo." uphungu n'kofunika apo, chakudya - ndi anayeza chakudya.

Shock ntchito kuti athandize anthu, ntchito mukatuluka, ntchito kwawo, tchuti - chodabwitsa wamba m'dzikoli. Khwelero kuchokera lamulo wamba - ndipo munthu sakhoza kukhala moyo. "Ufulu - ndi ukapolo." Akatswiri chinkhoswe mu zabodza Orwellian anthu dziko. Chiwonongeko ndi kupotoza chikalatacho, panafunika mfundo. Kulikonse kunama, bodza zosaneneka. "Umbuli - mphamvu."

Orwell lolemera, koma amphamvu. Ndithudi, izi ndi dystopia bwino. mabuku olembedwa bwino, kuchokera koyamba kwa pepala lomaliza zinapatsira ndi lingaliro lomveka. Mlembi ali lotengeka ndi zolinga zabwino chabe - kuti achenjeze anthu za ngozi chikhalidwe. Onetsani kuti chiwawa, nkhanza, nkhanza, kuli chete anthu zilizonse mphamvu zonse. Pomaliza, wodala okhawo amene moyo chifukwa cha chipani. Koma mphamvu zonse wakupha munthu. Abwerera ku boma pachiyambi. Ngakhale kwambiri. mphamvu zonse , wokhoza kuononga anthu.

"Animal Farm"

The ntchito yachiwiri ya wolemba izi, ndi chimodzi cha zabwino odana enaake - "Animal Farm" (dzina chachiwiri - "ubweya munda"). Apa wolemba akusonyeza boma, dongosolo la ndale, kapena zilipo. Mu ntchito iyi, iye limatchula anthu ndi anawayerekezera ndi nyama.

Nkhosa - sikutanthauza, anthu opusa amene chiyani zokhazo zimene auzidwa. Satha kuganiza za m'mutu mwake, ndipo mwa ichi ndi zaluso onse amaona chinachake mopepuka. Coney - zilizonse abwino chikhalidwe, khama lingaliro la usana ndi usiku. Pa dziko izi uli m'manja. Agalu lekani ntchito akuda. ntchito yaikulu - kukwaniritsa chifuniro cha mwini. Iwo ali wokonzeka kutumikira lero lina, mawa wina, ndi chakudya atsimikize.

Olusa Boar Napoleon mu buku George Orwell ndi maonekedwe. Anthu wokonzeka kwezani mmwamba pa mpando wachifumu mu malo aliwonse, ngati kukhazikitsa pa iye ndi kugwira njira iliyonse. Kugwa, zomwe wolemba akupereka mu buku monga Boar achinyamata anali kukhala scapegoat. Munthu woteroyo oyenera mphamvu iliyonse - chirema, amachititsa kuti peccadillo iliyonse. Ndi onse bwino gilt Kazitape - izo akonza wakuda woyera ndi mosemphanitsa. Zomveka wabodza, ndi wogwira moyo wodabwitsa, chingasinthe mfundo ya mawu amodzi okha.

Satirical, zothandiza fanizo, amene ali pafupi ndi zochitika zenizeni m'moyo. Democracy, mafumu, sosholisimu, chikominisi - Kodi pali kusiyana. Pamene mphamvu adzabwera anthu, otsika ku zilakolako ndi zikhumbo, ziribe kanthu mu dziko ndi kuti kodi zomwe, anthu saona chilichonse chabwino. The mokomela nanthu - wolamulira woyenera.

dziko latsopano

Mu buku Aldous Huxley a "Olimba Mtima New World" sali woyipa monga Orwell. dziko mogwirizana ndi boma dziko kwambiri, zomwe Filimuyi technocracy. Kusiya malo aang'ono ngati chuma disadvantageous, ngati nkhokwe. Zingatanthauze kuti zonse ndi wolimba ndi molondola. Koma palibe.

Anthu m'dzikoli anawagawa mitundu: Alpha Ntchito maganizo - ichi ndi sitandade, Alpha-Plus ali utsogoleri, alpha-kuipa - anthu sakhala udindo. Beta - Alpha wamkazi. Beta-pluses ndi minuses, motero, anzeru ndi zambiri opusa. Delta ndi Popanga madzi a gamma - utumiki chipinda, alimi. Epsilons - m'munsi wosanjikiza, anthu maganizo kupepera, ankapha chizolowezi ntchito makina.

Toyesa chakula mabotolo galasi, nao m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale mtundu wa zovala zosiyana. Mkhalidwe waukulu dziko latsopano - ndi standardization wa anthu. Mwambi - "The generality, pachilichonse ndi kukhazikika." Kukana nkhaniyi, iwo onse moyo lero. Onse ndi onse subordinated kuti kufunika kuti athandize boma dziko.

The vuto lalikulu la dziko ndi kufanana yokumba sakukhoza anthu akuganiza. Ena Alpha sangathe azolowere moyo kumva zonse kusungulumwa ndi kupatuka. Koma popanda zinthu amazindikira dziko latsopano sikutheka, chifukwa iwo ali ndi udindo ubwino wa ena. Anthuwa kutenga utumiki ngati ntchito yokakamiza kapena kutumikira pa chisumbu chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi anthu.

Meaninglessness aliko anthu onse ndi nthawi zonse "anatsuka" ubongo. Cholinga cha mowa moyo wawo unayamba. Iwo amakhala ndi ntchito kuti tikhale ndi zinthu zosafunika mwamtheradi. Iwo amatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana zambiri, ndipo amadziona kuti mokwanira ophunzira. Koma iwo alibe chikhumbo kuchita sayansi kapena kudzikonda maphunziro, kukula mwauzimu. Iwo achotse zinthu zazing'ono zosafunikira kwenikweni. Pa mtima anthu onse ali yemweyo opondereza boma.

Ngati anthu onse amatha kuganiza ndi kumva, mtendere wa kugwa kwa. Ngati iwo kuzikana izo, iwo onse kuwasandutsa oyeserera zonyansa opusa. anthu kabwerebwere sadzakhala, lidzaloŵa m'malo Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira kuwetedwa nyama. Konzani anthu ndi mapulogalamu majini ndi kuwononga mabungwe akuluakulu onse, Matanthawuzo kuti uwonongedwe.

ndi mtundu wanyimbo m'buku tatchulazi mu amaonedwa yabwino. Kwa iwo mulinso:

• "A Clockwork Orange" Entoni Berdzhessa (1962).
• "Ife" Yevgeny Zamyatin (1924).
• "Ambuye wa Ntchentche" mwa William Golding (1954).

Ntchito izi ndi ankaona zapamwamba. Koma olemba ano analenganso mabuku ambiri odabwitsa mu mtundu wanyimbo zosatheka.

dystopia zamakono

Books (mndandanda wa bwino Tingaone pansipa) za zana lino ndi osiyana ndi mfundo zachikhalidwe kuti amakhala zogwirizana Mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti n'zovuta kupatukana wina ndi mzake. Mu palinso mfundo za yopeka, ndipo pambuyo Chivumbulutso, ndipo cyberpunk. Koma mabuku ochepa ndi olemba chi oyenera chidwi mafani a dystopia:

• Trilogy Lauren Oliver "kuona zilubwelubwe" (2011).
• Kazuo Ishiguro buku "osandisiya" (2005).
• Trilogy Syuzen Kollinz 'The Hunger Games' (2008).

Mosakayikira, takambirana polemba chinenero cha ayamba kutchuka. Dystopia amauza owerenga kuona dziko, limene kwa iwo sadzakhala ndi chipinda.

Owerenga mu ndemanga zawo, amagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi: si onse dystopian kuwerenga mosavuta. Pakati pawo pali "mabuku katundu amene molimba." Koma lingaliro ndicho olembedwa ndikungodabwa kotani kumene kunachitika mu mabuku a zochitika amatikumbutsa za moyo wamasiku ano, m'mbuyomu posachedwapa. Awa ndi lalikulu oyenda kwambiri Kunena kuti inu kuganiza. Ambiri a mabuku akhoza kuwerenga ndi pensulo mu dzanja lake - amakondwerera kuchuluka kwa malo osangalatsa ndi zolemba. Si onse dystopian kuwerenga mpweya umodzi, koma chidutswa chilichonse amakhalabe kukumbukira.