Bowa. The Red Book of Russia

Bowa ali wofunika kwambiri kwa topezeka kudera. Komanso, iwo ali nawo makope zinthu, decomposing zotsalira za zomera ndi nyama, bowa ndi michere wapatali ndi symbiotic chamoyo, makamaka Basidiomycetes.

Bowa Red Book. mwachidule

M'mbuyo monsemu, ndi microflora anali bwino bwino, bowa Ufumuyo mtengo wochepa, ndi mitundu okhwima mlandu anali osachisunga. Kuwonjezera pa anazindikira gulu zamoyo ndi bowa ena: edible, sanali edible, chakupha, mankhwala, nkhalango tizirombo ndi mbewu ndi ena.

Osowa bowa Red buku amafufuza mu "Chipinda". Amaphatikiza mitundu 17 bowa.

Grifola frondosa (bowa-nkhosa tinder foliose) sparassis crispa (Bowa kabichi), mutinus ravenelii, Cortinarius violaceus, Rogatik pistillate (Rogatik claviform) gyroporus mgoza (kashtanovik kapena mgoza bowa), Aspen woyera Phallus Duplicatus (Diktiofora awiri), porphyrellus lozhnoberezovikovy, bowa ambulera girlish, strobilomyces strobilaceus, tinder nthambi (Grifola ambulera) gyroporus bluish (yotupa), zakuda staghorn (Gorizia matanthwe) clathrus ruber (wofiira Klatrus), Amanita shishkoobrazny, Mu Tinus galu

Basidiomycetes ndi nyumba odzipereka pa ntchito awiri - basidia. Monga Tingaone mndandanda wa bowa onse olembedwa mayina a Red Book, akutanthauza kalasi imodzi - agaricomycetes. bowa Only apamwamba ali pa mndandanda.

Pansipa ndi kuperekedwa kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu ina.

Boletus woyera (Leccinum percandidum)

Zimatanthauza Dipatimenti ya Basidiomycetes, ndi agaricomycetes kalasi.

Komabe bowa ichi, adalowa mu Red Book, wotchedwa Osinovik woyera. Ofanana wamba Aspen ofiira, koma ali ndi chipewa choyera.

The kapu akhoza kufika masentimita 25 m'mimba mwake, woyera mwendo, pansi unakhuthala - clavate. Wosanjikiza tubular zambiri woyera, mwina pang'ono chikasu.

Aspen umakhala paini ndi spruce nkhalango losanganikirana.

Iwo Tingaone mu CIS, makamaka Murmansk, Moscow ndi Leningrad zigawo la Russia. N'kovuta ndithu - udindo wa 3R.

Fruiting akuyamba m'ma July ndi August.

The bowa ndi edible ndi thupi chokoma, koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti bowa ndi Red Book, choncho sangathe kusonkhanitsa.

Bowa-ambulera namwali (Macrolepiota puellaris)

Zimatanthauza Dipatimenti ya Basidiomycetes, ndi agaricomycetes kalasi.

bowa uyu wa champignon banja, choncho ndi edible.

Kapu woonda yochitidwa, angafikire 10 masentimita awiri. Tsinde ndi wochepa thupi kwambiri, koma mkulu - mpaka masentimita 16.

bowa Izi amamera m'mbali mwa nkhalango wosanganiza ndi m'nkhalango ya paini mu July-September. Mwachidule, ndi kukula limodzi, kawirikawiri - magulu. Angapezeke mu Europe ndi ku Asia. N'kovuta ndithu - udindo wa 3R.

Mutinus caninus (balati. Mutinus caninus)

Zimatanthauza dipatimenti basidiomycota kuti agaricomycetes kalasi.

bowa lili ndi mawonekedwe elongated ndi chipewa wofatsa. zipatso kutalika kwa thupi ndi 18 cm, m'mimba mwake 1.5 masentimita mwendo. Pa bowa kusasitsa zimaswa ndi poyera pamwamba wotumbululuka pinki kwenikweni.

A bowa osowa - udindo 3R, amakula ku Ulaya ndi North America. Iwo Tingaone mu nkhalango coniferous, makamaka pa ndalama zochepa, kawirikawiri yekha. Iye amakonda kukula pa snags yoola, stumps zowola, utuchi.

bowa ali ndi yeniyeni, osati osangalatsa kwambiri fungo kuti amakopeka tizilombo. Pamene kafadala kapena ntchentche kudziluma mbali ya bowa wa - Gleb, iwo amayamba kuwola ndinso mofulumira kwambiri, pasanathe masiku 3-4 kuchokera Mutinusa kanthu chikhalire.

The bowa ndi edible, koma pamene si koma kucha - mu chipolopolo dzira.

Amanita shishkoobrazny (Amanita strobiliformis)

Komabe, bowa ameneyu anatchedwa "Amanita pineal".

Zimatanthauza dipatimenti basidiomycota kuti agaricomycetes kalasi.

mtundu wina wa bowa ali woyera chipewa awiri a masentimita 18, woyera tsinde kutalika kwa 15-20 cm.

Pa dera la CIS wamba mu Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Georgia, ku Russia yekha mu dera Belgorod. Iwo Tingaone mu nkhalango wothira mitengo monga linden, mumamera thundu, kuyambira Amanita ndi symbionts awo.

Fruiting akuyamba mu August ndi September.

bowa n'zochepa Red Book, chifukwa zinthu wovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe (kutentha ndi dothi).

Chakupha bowa.

Phallus Duplicatus (Dictiophora duplicata)

dzina lina - Diktiofora awiri kapena setkonoska.

Zimatanthauza dipatimenti basidiomycota kuti agaricomycetes kalasi.

Bowa zofanana mutinus caninus chifukwa Adzaupereka kwa mtundu womwewo - Veselka.

Wofatsa mutu ndi woderapo, mdima imvi mtundu pamene zapsa. Zipatso thupi elongated kwa awiri a masentimita 5 ndi mtundu imasiyana malingana nthawi kusasitsa.

Chimakula mu dothi chatsanulidwa, ndi lawola nkhuni singly, nthawizina mu magulu. Setkonosku angapezeke mu dera Moscow, Belarus ndi zigawo Ukraine.

Diktiofora ndi bowa edible, koma pa nthawi imene sizinathe anatuluka chipolopolo dzira. Ndi ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka kwa chiwerengero cha matenda.

Monga mmene taonera, bowa Red Book osati edible, komanso inedible ndi poyizoni.