Buku phokoso: zosiyana kugona chitsanzo ndi decibels

Sound mafunde pofikira pa likalowa m'makutu anthu, kuchititsa kusinthasintha mu tsitsi. Matalikidwe a phokoso Phokoso mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi loudness anazindikira mafunde - icho chiri, phokoso buku udzamvedwa mwamphamvu kwambiri. Izi, kumene, wosalira kutanthauzira. Koma mfundo ndi!

Amaonera yemweyo mwamphamvu phokoso munthu aliyense adzayenera zawo. Choncho, m'pomveka amanena kuti buku - mtengo zotengera malingaliridwe. Komanso, chizindikiro ichi zimadalira pafupipafupi ndi matalikidwe a kunjenjemerako phokoso ndi mafunde kuthamanga. Mu buku phokoso zimakhudza zinthu monga nthawi ya oscillations, kutanthauzira awo danga, ndi timbre zili kawalidwe.

Volume Unit amatchedwa kugona (Sone). 1 maloto limafanana pafupifupi buku la kucheza Aletsedwa ndi buku la injini ya ndege ndi 264 Sonam. Ndi tanthauzo, Angafanane ndi kugona kamvekedwe mlingo buku la 1000 ndi mlingo wa 40 DB. Mphamvu ya phokoso, m'kukoma sones ali njira:

J = K * Ine ^1/3, apa

a k - ndi koyefishienti wa, ine pafupipafupi amadalira - mwamphamvu kusinthasintha.

Chifukwa chakuti oscillations ndi osiyana phokoso kuthamanga (mphamvu ya osiyana ake) pa mafurikwense chosiyana ndi chimodzimodzi buku wailesi, ngati amodzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyeza mphamvu yake monga maziko (phon). F 1 ndiyofanana ndi kusiyana kwa milingo buku 2 zikumveka ndi pafupipafupi yemweyo, zimene buku womwewo wa phokoso pafupipafupi wa 1000 Hz zimasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu kuthamanga (mwamphamvu) 1 DB.

Zochita kuti mwachindunji kapena kuyerekeza voliyumu, zambiri ntchito decibels - ndilochokera unit wa masana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuwonjezeka mphamvu ya mawu si ubwenzi liniya kuti mphamvu ya mafunde, pamene logarithmic. 1 Beli = tenfold kusintha mu mphamvu oscillation matalikidwe. Ndi munthu wokongola lalikulu. Choncho, chifukwa mawerengedwe ntchito gawo lake chakhumi - decibels.

Tsiku la khutu la munthu akhoza kumva phokoso mafunde buku la decibels 10 ndipo pamwamba. Amaona kuti uthunthu pazipita mafurikwense zonse zilipo munthu 000 ndi 20-20 Hz. Iwo anaona kuti chingasinthe ndi zaka. Mu ubwana bwino lomveka yoweyula sing'anga pafupipafupi (pafupifupi 3 kHz) mu akula - pafupipafupi 2 3 kHz, ndi ukalamba - phokoso la 1 kHz. Sound mafunde ndi matalikidwe mpaka 3.1 kHz (kilohertz choyamba) zikuphatikizapo m'dera la kulankhulana kulankhula. Iwo ntchito wailesi ndi pa DV- SW zomangirazo, komanso matelefoni.

Ngati pafupipafupi n'chozama kupitirira 16-20 Hz, ndiye phokoso amenewa amati infrasound, koma ngati ali wamkulu kuposa 20 kHz - ultrasound. Infrasound ndi 5-10 Hz oscillations zingachititse kumveka ndi kugwedera ziwalo mkati ndi kuchita pa ubongo ndi kupititsa kupweteka mu mfundo ndi mafupa. Koma ultrasound chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala. Komanso nazo amawateteza tizilombo (midges, udzudzu), nyama (mwachitsanzo, agalu), mbalame kuchokera airfields.

Kuti mupeze buku la phokoso kapena phokoso, ntchito yapadera chipangizo - kuyeza kuchuluka phokoso. Izi zimathandiza tikupeza kuti musalumphe pazipita Phokoso chovomerezeka phokoso kuchuluka lomwe lili palibe choopsa kwa anthu. Ngati munthu wadwala kuleza yoweyula ndi mlingo woposa 80-90 DB, zingayambitse imfa wathunthu kapena tsankho mmakutu. Ichinso kumachitika matenda pathological a dongosolo mantha ndi mtima. buku otetezeka okha kuti 35 DB. Choncho musamvere nyimbo Zomverera pa buku zonse yambabva motetezera. Kukhala malo aphokoso kwambiri, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito earplugs.