Bruno Dzhordano: nzeru za Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Mwina wotchuka kwambiri ndi zokongola uliwonse lingaliro la Kubadwa Kwatsopano anzeru anali Bruno Dzhordano, nzeru zomwe chimasiyanitsa pantheism ndi asayansi ouziridwa a Choonadi pa chitukuko cha malingaliro nzeru.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Iye anabadwa mu Italy, pafupi Naples, kakang'ono tawuni zigawo za Nola, umene iye anadzipereka yekha dzina lakuti Nolandets ndipo nthawizina iwo anasaina ntchito zawo. Childhood ndi zaka zoyambilira za katswiri wa m'tsogolo zinachitika zinthu zabwino amalingalira ndi kuphunzira chikhalidwe.

Mu zaka khumi, Bruno anasamukira ku Naples kukaona achibale awo, zomwe zili bolodi kuphunzitsa, ndipo anapitiriza maphunziro ake kale kudalira nzeru aphunzitsi. Ndiye, kufika chakhumi ndi chisanu amakhala novice ya agulupa Republic mu chiyembekezo zambiri kukuza malire a maphunziro awo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anayesa dzanja lake mu mabuku kulemba sewero lanthabwala "Nyali" ndi "Nowa Chingalawa", ankanyoza makhalidwe a olemba mabuku a Neapolitan anthu.

Chifukwa cha maganizo pa Chikatolika ndi ufulu penapake wamkulu wa kanthu kuposa mmene anthu ankayembekezera kuti Republic mmonke Bruno anali kuzunzidwa ndi kusaka ndi kuumirizidwa kuchoka Naples. Pambuyo kwambiri akungoyendayenda mizinda ya Italy, adafika Geneva. Koma kupeza izo yekha sakanatha kugwira ntchito, ngakhale anali ndi manja aŵiri ndi Calvin, chifukwa anapita ku Toulouse chiphunzitso cha nzeru za kuthambo ndiponso ku yunivesite. Chifukwa maganizo wosakaza wa Aristotle, kutsutsidwa ndi matenda otsegula pa woganiza wakale anaperekedwa oletsedwa mwa anzawo ndi yapangitsa maudindo akuluakulu mu kusanja chikondi ophunzira amene ali ndi chidwi mu njira zachilendo kuphunzira.

Mapeto ake kupita ku Paris. Pali Giordano Bruno ndi kuchita zinthu sayansi ndi zolembalemba, zimene zimakopa chidwi cha Mfumu Henry III. Last misonkhano yapadera nzeru zapamwamba anapereka pulofesa modabwitsa ndipo amawalimbikitsa iye apitirize ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi. Ngakhale wachikondi onse amafikira kwa mfumu, ndipo maganizo wosakaza wa vuto la osokonezeka mu maso a Mpingo wa Katolika amakakamizidwa Bruno kusiya France ndi kupita ku England. Koma uko, aponso, izo akuthamangitsa ndi kusaka, ngakhale pamlingo monga kumtunda. Pomaliza, iye akubwerera ku Italy, moyo mwakachete kuti nthawi zina, kupanga ntchito zawo sayansi ndi zolembalemba. Komabe, mu 1600 mpingo "apolisi" anamangidwa Bruno, mlandu iye ndi anaweruzidwa kuti awotchedwe. Wafilosofi anatenga kusankha chilango stoically ndi February 17 pamaso anaphedwa pa malo maluwa Rome.

Ndizosowa chidziwitso cha vuto ndi chikhalidwe cha

Potengera, anthu chisanadze Socratic ndi Hermetic, Bruno Dzhordano, amene nzeru anali umalimbana kusintha maganizo mfundo limodzi Mulungu ndi kapangidwe ka malo, amayamba lingaliro lake la kapangidwe ka dziko, dongosolo dzuwa malo munthu mu izo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti dzuwa - uwu ndiye pakatikati pa thambo, ngati lingaliro atapereka ndi Aristotle ndi sukulu ya sayansi, ndi nyenyezi padziko limene maplaneti ili. Ndipo pali zambiri zofanana nyenyezi ndi machitidwe awo mapulaneti ndi moyo anzeru mwa iwo. The lingaliro lalikulu limene nawatsimikizira kunachokera unyolo wonse wa abstracts Bruno, chinali chifukwa chakuti dziko, mzimu ndi kanthu pokhala, chiyambi cha zonse pali si kuchita kwa chilengedwe cha Mulungu, koma moyo Pokhala izo, uli ponseponse.

Kuyambira metaphysics nzeru zachilengedwe

Poyambira, chiyambi cha zinthu zonse, chifukwa cha chilengedwe sangakhoze kumvetsedwa - ankanena Dzhordano Bruno. nzeru wake si kukana kuti Mulungu alipo, ndi, makamaka, kumbuyo kutali mwini wake ndi kuzindikira ndi munthu weniweni. Choonadi chikhoza kudziŵika ndi kufufuza anakhala m'dziko, malinga ndi kuda kuti masamba mu nkhani ndi mzimu. Choncho, kudziwa Mulungu, tiyenera kufufuza chikhalidwe cha chofunikira kwambiri za izo, monga momwe zotheka zochokera mphamvu ya maganizo a anthu.

Dualism ndi chifukwa kapena chiyambi

Mulungu chinali chiyambi cha zonse - choncho anati nzeru ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Dzhordano Bruno kukonzedwa mu nkhani yolembedwa izi: muzu ndi mfundo yoyamba ogwirizana mu chifaniziro cha Mulungu, koma mu chikhalidwe chawo ndi chosiyana, kuyambira chimayambitsa chifukwa wangwiro, kapena malingaliro lonse, timapezamo chikhalidwe cha maganizo awo, ndi mfundo yoyamba - nkhani yomwe ndi mchikakamizo cha zimayambitsa Pamafunika zosiyanasiyana. Koma pa nthawi ya kubadwa wa chilengedwe kuti thupi woyambirira wa maganizo malingaliro dziko ndinatenga nkhaniyi osati kuchokera kunja koma m'kati kulenga nkhani Choncho makatuni, amene angathe kutenga maonekedwe a yake, popanda nkhani ya nzeru.

Pozindikira ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi nzeru za chilengedwe, Dzhordano Bruno mwachidule (kapena ayi) zafotokozedwa zomwenso ake mu ntchito yake "Pa chifukwa, chiyambi ndi umodzi." Bukuli chidwi ndi onse anthu ophunzira, njala maganizo atsopano ndi kusaka amene anaona ganizo ili ampatuko.

Looping ndi ungwiro wa chilengedwe

Philosophy ya Nature Dzhordano Bruno mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano ankasiyana kukhulupirika kwa lingaliro kuti pali chilengedwe nzeru kuti alipo iliyonse yomwe kale ndi subjugates kusintha ndi kayendedwe ka nkhani imeneyi. Choncho, chirichonse mu chikhalidwe ndi zomveka wathunthu, zonse ali mkombero wake aliko, kenako ankakhulupirira n'kukhala nsalu imodzi.

Zikhulupiriro umodzi

Mochititsa chidwi moyo Bruno Dzhordano, maphunziro, sayansi ndi chipembedzo nkhondo wapakamwa tathanthauzira maganizo ake pa mfundo Mulungu umodzi wa kukhala ndi mitundu ya zinthu ndiponso nzeru, chifukwa, malinga ndi iye, iwo zofanana ndi mzake Mulungu. Popanda izi, kungakhale kovuta kudziwa dziko lonse, mutu malamulo onse ndipo umaimira nkhani zonse ikusintha.

Fanizo zachilengedwe

chifukwa woyengeka, ngati pambuyo amamutcha Hegel, "atanganidwa ndi" lingaliro la chilengedwe, izo mosangalala. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi ndi monga akamanena za Mulungu, ngakhale kuti iye si munthu, ndipo limanenedwa ngati chinachake kuti nzeru amapezeka. Giordano Bruno, mwachidule mfundo nthanthi amene ali negation wa chakale chiphunzitso cha chipembedzo, anali woyamba kuika patsogolo mfundo zofanana. Pa ichi iye anatsutsidwa ndi asayansi amene Pamilunguyo chiphunzitso ankaonetsetsa ndipo sanafune sakuganiza.

Mosalekeza ndi masiyanidwe

Zosemphana ndi maganizo okhazikika Bruno Dzhordano, nzeru za chilengedwe zomwe iye anangokhala ndi maganizo bwino chikhalire wa anthu kudziwa za tsogolo maganizo. Anzeruwo amanena kuti malingaliro chilengedwe chonse imodzi imodzi m'chilengedwe chonse ndi m'njira zosiyanasiyana nkhaniyi, ali paliponse ndipo palibe paliponse nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo, kuti amvetse mfundo imeneyi, muyenera kuphunzira kuganiza ayi. Atamwalira Dzhordano Bruno nzeru adziwonetsa siteji ya cognition, mmodzi amene adzakhala kupeza okwana zotsutsana kuti tikwaniritse mogwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa awiri watsopano zotsutsana. Ndipo kotero mu osawerengeka kuphunzira recursive pa nkhaniyi.

Kukonda ndi okwera

Nature "chosavuta" nkhaniyo, ndi "anamuukitsa" maganizo kuphunzira mu miyeso yake yonse. Pambuyo dualism aliko zonse anamvetsetsa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi maganizo ngati chiyanjano ndi chiyambi cha zonse, ndi zophweka kupeza kuphatikiza mfundo awiriawiri popenyana ndi kumanga mfundo zomveka unyolo mfundo zikutifikitsa choonadi - ankanena Dzhordano Bruno. Philosophy mwachidule anafotokoza njira imene ili chingapezeke kuunikiridwa ndi kumvetsa. Koma si aliyense angayerekeze kuyamba kuyenda yovuta imeneyi ndi udindo.

nzeru Pantheistic wa Giordano Bruno, mwachidule zomwe kupereka sazidziwa bwinobwino mwayi kuona malire a auzimu ndiponso akuthupi, chinali chiyambi kumvetsa kuphunzira. Iye anali chapatsogolo kukhala ndi sayansi zomwe zimaphulika mu Choonadi ndi kutsogolera maganizo yowala kuti chidzachitike m'tsogolo ziphunzitso zawo. Malinga ndi mphamvu zake, zivute zitani okha, osati ali wamphamvu malo scholasticism, koma woyenda pang'onopang'ono patsogolo luso, iwo ankachita, kani, mbali ya maganizo awo ochokera pa kuzipenya wake kuposa sayansi weniweni. Aliyense ali bwino maina awa: Galileo Galilei, Nikolay Kopernik, Giordano Bruno. Philosophy amapereka lingaliro mwachidule za udindo wawo chidziwitso cha dziko ndi kulimbikitsa zinthu ngati zimenezi. Amazunza a kusaka, anakakamizika kubisa ntchito zawo, kulimbikitsa nawo mobisa, iwo mokwanira anadutsa njira iyi, kusiya chizindikiro kwambiri mbiri.