Bungwe World Health (WHO): malamulo, zolinga, malamulo, ayamikira

Masiku ano anthu ambiri, mmodzi wa mfundo zazikulu ndi moyo. Kusintha khalidwe ndi nthawi ya anafuna zambiri zinthu zimene kuthandiza atsogoleri pafupifupi maiko onse a dziko lapansi. Agwirire zochita zawo ndi ntchito zina m'munda wa kuteteza ndi kusintha thanzi, la World Health Organization unakhazikitsidwa (WHO), amene panopa ndi limodzi mwa mabungwe wotchuka kwambiri ndi chikoka dziko.

Chiyambi cha ntchito ndi cholinga cha WHO

ntchito yake inayamba mu 1948. Zinali ndiye, pa April 7 wakhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano ndi lamulo ndi kutenga udindo woyamba, makamaka Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa gulu lonse la matenda. M'tsogolo, amene ndi zambiri anayamba kutenga udindo kwa kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zikuluzikulu padziko lonse. Monga chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri Tingaone wabwera nthomba kuthetsa, limene bwinobwino mu 1981. Muzochitika za mphamvu, ntchito ndi ntchito za bungwe anafotokozedwa ndi hayala ndi kuyambitsa cholinga chomwecho - kukwaniritsa mlingo wokweretsa thanzi kuti n'zotheka m'mikhalidwe anapatsidwa, kuti anthu onse a dziko.

malangizo WHO

Constitution la World Health Organization imalongosola thanzi kukhala mkhalidwe wa bwino kukhala pa mlingo thupi, maganizo ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo payokha anafotokoza kuti ngati munthu alibe matenda kapena kulumala, ndi kuti iye ali wathanzi, molawirira kwambiri kunena, chifukwa Kodi kuganizira boma la mgwirizano wa maganizo ndi zinthu chikhalidwe. WHO mayiko Member, kulemba za hayala, amagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wosangalala apamwamba zotheka muyezo wa thanzi, ndi zinthu zilizonse boma m'munda wa thanzi ndi wa phindu kwa onse. Komanso, pali mfundo zomwe n'zofunika kwambiri, ndi kutsatira onse amene atenga hayala. Nawa ena a iwo.

• General thanzi - ndi chofunika mtendere ndi chitetezo, ndipo izo zimatengera mlingo wa mgwirizano wa anthu ndi States.
• The unevenness chitukuko cha umoyo wa anthu ndi matenda ngozi wamba m'madera osiyanasiyana pa dziko.
• Mwana Health - chinthu chofunika kwambiri.
• Mpata kusangalala kupambana onse mankhwala amakono - chofunika apamwamba mlingo wa thanzi.

ntchito WHO

Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga, malamulo chinanena ntchito za bungwe, zomwe ndi yaikulu kwambiri zosiyanasiyana. Pakuti amene ali World Health Organization wagwiritsa ntchito makalata onse a zilembo Latin. Popeza ambiri a iwo, ife azipereka zofunika kwambiri. Choncho, ntchito za WHO monga:

• kuti akhale ngati Kutsata ndi bungwe lolamulira la ntchito padziko lonse m'munda wa thanzi;
• kupereka chithandizo zofunikira ndi chithandizo luso mu ntchito zaumoyo;
• kuwalimbikitsa ndi ntchito pasadakhale kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso kuthandiza kukonza kuti ukafunidwe;
• kulimbikitsa kusintha maphunziro bwino pantchito chipatala ndi umoyo;
• kukhazikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa mfundo mayiko chakudya, mankhwala ndi zina;
• thanzi akuchikazi ndi mwana, kukhwimitsa kwa harmonization wa moyo.

Ntchito ya WHO

ntchito bungwe yomwe ikuchitika mu mawonekedwe a Assembly pachaka World Health, imene nthumwi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kukambirana nkhani zofunika kwambiri m'munda wa zaumoyo. Lotsogoleredwa ndi CEO awo osankhidwa ndi komiti wamkulu, womwenso oimira mayiko 30. Ntchito za Director General zikuphatikizapo makonzedwe a bajeti ya pachaka malipoti azachuma za bungwe. Iye ali ndi ulamuliro kuti mudziwe zofunika zokhudza thanzi, mwachindunji ku boma ndi oziyimila paokha mabungwe a. Komanso, iye afunika kusunga maofesi dera kuuzidwa pa nkhani iliyonse dera.

WHO magawano

WHO kapangidwe limapangidwa 6 magulu dera: European, American, Mediterranean, South-East Asia, ndi Pacific ndipo Africa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, zochita anapangidwa pa maiko oyandikana. Mu autumn, pa msonkhano wapachaka, anthu a m'mayiko dera kukambirana mavuto kukanikiza ndi mavuto m'dera lawo, kutenga zochita zoyenera. Director Regional, amene amayang'anira ntchito pa mlingo wosankhidwa kwa zaka 5. Monga CEO, iye ali ndi ulamuliro kuti mwachindunji kupeza uthenga pa zaumoyo zosiyanasiyana mabungwe m'chigawochi.

WHO ayankhe

Pakali pano, pali zingapo za malangizo ofunika kwambiri a ntchito zimene imagwiridwa ndi World Health Organization. Zolinga Development Millennium - kotero zimaonetsa atolankhani osiyanasiyana. Zikuphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kuthandiza kuthetsa ndi chithandizo cha matenda monga HIV ndi chifuwa chachikulu;
• thandizo yokopa umalimbana kukhala bwino kwa akazi apakati ndi ana;
• kuzindikira zinthu za matenda aakulu ndiponso kupewa awo chitukuko;
• kuthandiza kusintha maganizo;
• mgwirizano zinthu umalimbana patsogolo thanzi la achinyamata.

Mwadongosolo ndi kupitirirabe ntchito za bungwe m'madera amenewa wakhalako kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo, ndithudi, pali bwino. Koma kulankhula za akamaliza awo bwino mpaka m'mawa.

WHO zikayenda

Mwa aliyense zikayenda anazindikira akhoza utoto

• kuthetsa nthomba mu dziko;
• kuchepetsa kwambiri pa zochitika za malungo;
• Katemera yokopa ndi matenda asanu opatsirana;
• chizindikiritso cha HIV komanso pofuna kuchuluka kwake;
• chilengedwe cha ntchito zaumoyo chachikulu.

ICD

An ntchito yofunika ya WHO ndi chitukuko ndi kusintha kwa gulu mayiko a Matenda (ICD). Ndi chofunika kuti athe kusonkhanitsa, bungwe fanizirani deta ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuyambira 1948 World Health Organization amakhala ndi kuthandiza ntchito imeneyi. Pa nthawi, pali 10 TH kuunikanso ICD lapansi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za younikanso izi kumasulira mayina matenda mu mawonekedwe alphanumeric. Tsopano nthendayo ndiyotengera ndi kalata ya zilembo Latin ndi manambala atatu pambuyo. Zimenezi zinathandiza kwambiri kuchuluka wolemba pulogalamu kapangidwe ndi kusungitsa malo ufulu matenda a etiology osadziwika zinthu anazindikiritsidwa mu kafukufuku. Current WHO gulu ntchito mayeso ndi azamalamulo amisala, ngati n'kofunika chifukwa la Russia.

Ziwerengero ndi malamulo

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya gulu zinchito za kafukufuku zowerengera la dziko la umoyo wa anthu ndi kujambula pa maziko a zotsatira mfundo akanadziŵa zikhalidwe za moyo kwa anthu padziko lonse. Pakuti comparability ndi kudalirika kwa deta iwo yagawidwa Mwachitsanzo, zaka zakubadwa, kugonana ndi dera okhala, kenako ankachitira ndi njira yapadera yopangidwa ndi la OECD (Organization kwa Cooperation Economic ndi Development), Eurostat ndi matupi ena UN, kuphatikizapo WHO. Khama la mwakale zochokera wokhutira zowerengera, ndiye pali mitundu ina ya makhalidwe mkati limene ambiri deta zenizeni kwa gulu linalake la anthu. Izi zimathandiza kuti mwachikulu kuwunika ukupeza ya anthu ndi kusankha yoyenera.

Tikumbukenso kuti WHO malangizo amene nthawi kuwunikira mu kuwala kwa zinthu zatsopano kapena zolakwika khalidwe la kafukufuku. Choncho, zaka 9 zapitazo anali ndikusinthidwa tebulo la malamulo kulemera ndi kukula kwa mwana.

Kulemera ndi kutalika kwa mwanayo

Mpaka 2006, chitukuko deta ana anasonkhana mosatengera mtundu wa kudya. Komabe, njira imeneyi akhala chimatengedwa ngati zolakwika monga zakudya yokumba molakwika kwambiri zotsatira. Tsopano, malingana latsopano WHO mfundo kukula ndi kulemera kwa mwana akuwafanizira ndi magawo Buku la ana amene breastfed, monga mu nkhani iyi amapereka wabwino chakudya. matebulo Special ndi matchati kuthandiza amayi padziko lonse ikukhudzana ntchito yawo kuti specifications. The tsamba lovomerezeka la World Health Organization waika WHO Anthro mapulogalamu, download, mungathe kuunikira kulemera kwa mwanayo ndi kutalika, komanso tione mphamvu yake udindo. Zopatuka mfundo muyezo - ndi nthawi kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Vuto la kuteteza yoyamwitsa linaperekedwa kwambiri chidwi. WHO ndi ntchito yosindikiza monga yokonza timabuku, zithunzi ndiponso zipangizo, omwe ankalimbikitsa malamulo a zachilengedwe mwana chakudya. zipangizo kusindikizidwa ntchito mu zipatala ndi kuthandiza amayi achichepere kuyamwitsa kwa nthawi yaitali, motero kwambiri molondola ndiponso logwirizana kukula kwa mwanayo.

Gulu la yoyamwitsa

zakudya zabwino angathe kukhala ndi mwana wopanda mkaka mayi. Choncho, amayi kuthandiza gulu moyenera chakudya - mmodzi wa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za WHO. Malangizo kwa mabungwe yoyamwitsa, ayenera:

• kwa nthawi yoyamba kuika mwana bere ayenera kukhala mkati ola atabadwa;
• si kudyetsa botolo akhanda;
• m'chipatala mayi ndi mwana ayenera kukhala pamodzi;
• ntchito kwa m'mawere kufunika;
• kulekanitsidwa ku maere pamaso mwana akufuna yekha;
• kukhala Zingayambe usiku;
• osati dopaivat;
• kupereka mwayi kwathunthu kanthu bere limodzi pamaso kupereka wina;
• sasamba nsonga zamabele anu pamaso kudya;
• osati kulemera koposa kamodzi sabata;
• osati decant;
• kuti atchule zakudya olimba pamaso miyezi 6;
• kukhala yoyamwitsa zaka 2.

malamulo payekha

Ngati pazifukwa zina simungathe kukhazikitsa yoyamwitsa, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ana m'botolo kupeza kulemera ndi akuluakulu pang'ono kuposa grudnichki. Choncho, akuyerekeza ntchito mfundo deta yanu, muyenera kuganizira nuance izi.

Komanso pali ena magawo cholowa kuti sizikugwirizana mu muyezo chithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, pa kubadwa kwa kukula. Ambiri mwina, otsika a makolo a mwanayo amabadwa ndi mlingo wochepa kwambiri kukula, pamene mkulu - M'malo mwake, ndi mpweya. A kupatuka pang'ono mwakale sayenera vuto, mu nkhani iyi, basi ayenera kwambiri upo dokotala.

The World Health Organization amakhulupirira kuti chibadwa alibe zimakhudza kwambiri pa mfundo za ana osaposa chaka chimodzi. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe kupatuka kulemera ndi akamakonda zakudya.