Bursztyn ndi chiyani? Kuona chiyambi ndi katundu

"Kodi Bursztyn?" - funso sizachilendo, ndipo anthu kufunsa izo, zina ngakhale pa mlingo chikumbumtima, iwo kudziwa yankho, osachepera mawu yooneka bwino kwambiri. Ndipo zimenezi si zodabwitsa, chifukwa anthu ochepa adali asadamvepo za Amber, ngati ayankhidwa ndi za izo.

Amber Dzina: kodi zinachokera kuti?

Tsopano, pamene zinadziwika, kodi Burshtyn kwambiri, kumasulira si chofunika, tiyenera okha dziwani kuti mawu anatengedwa ku Ukraine ndi Chibelarusi zinenero. Koma dzina wamba onse "Amber" anadza ku Russian ku Lithuania, izo zikumveka ngati gintäras nafika ntchito ndi posachedwapa. Koma kumene, osati Lithuanians anapeza dzina mwala uwu wokongola, iye anali wodziwika kwa anthu ambiri kuyambira nthawi yakale, ndi ulemu wa dzina lake amati ndi Aluya. Zikatero, sakudziwika bwinobwino, koma anali pansi pa dzina Arabic anbar za iye anaphunzira Aroma, kusonyeza ngati ambre, ndipo patapita kanthawi, lidzasinthidwa Amber, mawu mndandanda wa zinenero zina European.

Amber Origin: ku nthano kuti umboni wasayansi

Kotero, kumvetsa zimene zinachitika pamene Burshtyn dzina lake, ndi kulankhula za kumene anachokera, koma ndi zambiri zosangalatsa. Aluya, amene anaupereka dzina mozama ankakhulupirira kuti Amber - palibe kanthu ngati kusiya dzuwa mame minda wakumwamba, anagwa kuchokera kumwamba mphotho ya munthu wolungama.

Woyamba amene anena kuti Amber mwanjira zikugwirizanirana ndi utomoni wa mitengo coniferous, anali "chiphunzitso" mwamuna wa Greece wakale - Aristotle. Kenako, amakhulupirira kuti Burshtyn "mwala nkhuni", anatengedwa Theophrastus ndi Pliny.

Komabe, palibe umboni wa zimenezo, kapena kulungamitsidwa lililonse aliyense ichi buku la iwo anapereka ndipo analibe ngakhale kuyesera kutero. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, kuti pa zaka 2000 ndi zonse izi kanthu koposa Baibulo, ndipo maganizo mdima wa Ages Middle wafunsira kwambiri nthano, nachuluka. Ganizo zowonetseredwa ndi Aristotle, walandira umboni wasayansi kale mu zaka za m'ma XVIII. Analidi anthu ophunzira kwambiri nthawi yake, Karl Linney, Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov.

Maonekedwe Amber: ndichiyani?

Mungathe, ndithudi, ndipo sanadziwe zimene Burshtyn, koma n'kosatheka kuti adziwe chimene iye amawoneka ngati, onse anayamba amuwonapo iye, inkachitika, iwo kuyesa. Koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya Amber kuti zimasiyana ndi kolimba, momveka, mtundu, ndi makhalidwe ena ambiri. Kawirikawiri Amber mwala ali mu thupi lake voids tosaoneka kupangidwa mwa kugundidwa ndi mpweya, kupanga pamene anali porous, ndi zambiri zimenezi, koyipitsitsa quality, ngakhale zowoneka zikuwoneka zabwino kwambiri.

Pali 5 mitundu ikuluikulu ya mwala uwu zodabwitsa, onse a iwo kapena sanali mzake, kapena ngati lakutali kwambiri, komabe akadali yemweyo yabwino yakale Amber-Burshtyn:

1. Bone - ndi kugonjetsedwa kwambiri mtundu wa Amber, ndi opaque kwathunthu ndi wachitatu limaoneka lofanana kwambiri njovu, choncho anapatsidwa dzina lakuti.

2. Bustard - wachiwiri kachulukidwe mphako, komanso opaque ndipo alibe mtengo kwambiri, koma ndi abwino kwa kupukuta ndipo ndi yabwino pakati pa abale, koma mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito zamanja.

3. Mtambo - ndi mwala wokongola, koma chofunika kwambiri, ali ndi dongosolo translucent, nthawi zambiri "osamveka" mitsempha ndi yowala, zimalimbikitsa mtundu.

4. Foamy - zoopsa kwambiri khalidwe la mitundu yonse, ndithu zikomo zabwino disseminations zambiri za mlengalenga, kupangitsa zambiri zofanana pumice.

5. Transparent - wofunika kwambiri kwambiri pakati pamwamba analanda cavities ochepa mitundu yonse ya Amber, zokhudza miyala yamtengo wapatali ya kalasi apamwamba. Nthawi zambiri mu thupi lake ndi tizilombo mbiri isanayambe wilo ndi wofunika koposa zonse.

Amber pankhaniyi: katundu ndi mankhwala

momwemonso tsopano zofunika kuti Burshtyn ndi zimene imaimira, Chofunika - tanthauzo lake mu dziko masiku ano, ndi zodabwitsa bwanji n'kofunika ndi mosalekeza. Amber lonse ntchito kupanga wokongola kwambiri, koma, mwatsoka, si cholimba kwambiri luso, vuto kuti kukhudzana ndi mpweya kumachitika mosalephera makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndondomeko. mawu Zikuoneka penapake zachilendo ntchito mwala, koma musaiwale kuti akadali si mibulu, mosiyana ndi ena miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi theka-mtengo wapatali. Transparent Amber anapanga zodzikongoletsera wokongola, ofunika osachepera mankhwala a zamtengo wapatali ndi miyala ya safiro. mankhwala Amber m'munsi kwambiri ntchito kupanga haberdashery yapamwamba ndi osankhika zodzikongoletsera. Mu kufanana wochepa, ntchito zamagetsi kupanga, kuyambira kalekale kukhala mbali ya mankhwala mankhwala ndi zonunkhira, koma zimene ndi chidwi kwambiri, ngakhale adzasowa chakudya!

Miyala ya Amber: chisoni zotsatira za ulimi okwana

Ndipotu, malo oterewa padziko lapansili ndi ochepa kwambiri, komanso zitsime ake zatha chaka chilichonse, ndipo dipo Sun Stone nthawi zonse kukula. Akatswiri okha zaka 70 zapitazi a m'zigawo wake wosatha wa madipoziti Amber kuti anatsika ndi 11%, ndipo ndi imfa mpaka kalekale mpaka kalekale m'mibadwo yanu. Ndipo zilibe kanthu, monga iwo ukutchedwa - Amber, Bernstein, Burshtyn, kumasulira wakhala sazindikira - nkhokwe ake zatha. Tingasiyanitsire malo ochepa m'dzikoli, 80% kudzaza msika ndi mwala zodabwitsa:

1. Russia - Kaliningrad, dera Far East ..

2. Ukraine - Rivne ndi Volyn dera.

3. Greenland - Island Chora.

4. Alaska - Barrow doko.

Minor miyala ya Amber akupezeka pachilumba cha Sicily, ku Burma ndipo mu Mexico.