Buttress. Yotani?

Mawu "buttress" ali ndi matanthauzo ambiri ndipo ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kamangidwe ndi kumanga kapangidwe ndi oumbidwa mu thunthu anthu - ndi anakumana ndi mawu akuti "zouluka buttresses a Chigaza lapansi." Nthawi zonse, mawu amanyamula nazo ziri ndi tanthauzo lofanana.

Buttress pa zomangamanga ndi kumanga

Back mu Ages Middle, buttress makoma chapeza kutchuka, iye anali mbali ya kalembedwe Romanesque a zomangamanga. nyumba izi zinamangidwa kuzungulira nyumba, mu mawonekedwe a mfundo kutsatira mpanda wa mbali kutsogolo ndi pabwino pa mtunda wina ndi mzake, pamaso pa malo amenewo kumene abut arches arches pakhoma.

Buttress - ndi kapangidwe umodzi, amene amathandiza mbali yakutsogolo kwa nyumba natenga lateral anatsitsira mphamvu. Chigawo mtanda wa totere chipangizo amakhala digiri wamkulu wa chiyerekezo m'munsi mwa masitepe kapena kansalu. Pamene pali katundu ochepa, gawo kungakhale chomwecho mu maonekedwe kuyandikira pilaster lapansi.

Buttresses ndi:

• liwiro;
• ofukula;
• opepuka;
• ngodya.

Romance azimuth pomanga nyumba ankangokhalira kumanga nyumba wokhala pamwamba, chifukwa mapulani a nthawi kuti anaganiza kuti n'koyenera ndipo adzakhala yodalirika liwiro kamangidwe. Ofukula buttress anatenga zochepa m'tawuni msewu danga. Zinali yabwino ntchito anthu amene alibe mipata yokwanira kwa nyumba. Opepuka buttress - mtundu watsopano kulengedwa, limabwerera kutsutsana pamwamba pa mwala kolowera turret. Nthawi yomalizira ya okhota Gothic yodziwika erection wa buttresses, amene anayikidwa pa makona a ° 45 kwa mpanda.

Buttresses mu Nyumba Gothic

System zamanyazi zomangamanga Gothic zikuphatikizapo ya kapangidwe ka njira nyumba kunapangitsa kuti redistribute katundu nyumbayi ndipo kangapo kuti mosavuta pa alipo, mpanda. Kudzera luso ili kamangidwe ka Zapakati anatembenuka kangapo kuti ukhale kwambiri ndi zomangamanga m'deralo. The Gawo pa zomangamanga Gothic anatumikira monga buttress a. Izi khoma yopingasa la mwala umene zouluka ndi buttresses anamangidwira - akunja poluarku, nthiti - projecting nthiti. Onsewo zinamangidwa ndi cholinga chapadera, anagwira ntchito mu kamangidwe.

Buttress - positi wamphamvu, ofukula nyumba inamangidwa, amene kumachititsa gawo la maganizo khoma, anatchula cholinga anawasema. Mu Middle Ages sanali mwachindunji khoma la chipinda, ndipo anagwira patali ndi kuika kwa nyumbayi kudzera arches hitched, zouluka buttresses. Izi zinali zokwanira bwino kufika katundu pa mizati thandizo lochokera ku khoma. Anadzipereka kuchita kamangidwe ka buttresses umodzi, anapambutsa ndi mosalekeza analowa.

Cholinga

Mfundo yomanga zinthu izi mu Nyumba Gothic chiri motere: akonzedwa sapereka onse a mpanda katundu ndi kuthamanga groin ake anawasema ndi arches imatsogoleredwa nthiti pa nsanamira (mizati), buttresses ndi zouluka buttresses kuganiza lateral adaponya. Ndiyamika zigawo izi mgwirizano akhoza kumanga nyumba ndi zambiri mawindo, izo zakhala otchuka othimbirira galasi luso ndi zosemasema.

Pamwamba pa zomangamanga Gothic adayamba monga wapadera, kulima oposa kupanga zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso womwe amapanga ochepa mbali yaikulu, kupereka mwayi kwa kufika zambiri kuthamanga pa mayendedwe a. Chipilala ndi amatikumbutsa Boom, ndinakhala wosongoka, elongated. Ndipo ndi nkhani chimake cha mfundo zikuluzikulu za Gothic - chilakolako akachisi oposa. Nthawi zambiri, mu malo kumene buttresses zouluka mwa kungoona buttress amaika pinnacles.

Kukhazikitsidwa machenjerero awa lero

Buttress khoma bwino ntchito kwa nyumba otsika-nyamuka, ngati pamene zinthu kunja linapendekeka (chiongo chake gawo kutsogolo pali malo yoika zinthu deta, ndipo iwo suli zoipa zomangamanga). Vuto ambiri pomanga nyumba amenewa - kuwalimbikitsa pa maziko osaya, chifukwa pambuyo chisanu chikhamu cha dothi buttresses pali chiopsezo kugula nayenso oopsa. Komanso pali mfundo ina ofooka mwa zipangizozi nyengo - tifunika kulimbitsa chapansi makoma.

Nanga zimapezeka buttresses zouluka

Mu thunthu ndi mankhwala monga akuti ntchito, ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo ena. Mwachitsanzo, buttresses chigaza ndi mabungwe zinchito kuti atenge katundu chachikulu pa kutafuna, komanso pansi zodabwitsa chifukwa interdigitation lapansi. Komanso, kupanga zochepa kugwedeza ndi inagwedezeka pamene kusuntha thupi lonse (kuyenda, kudumpha, kuthamanga). Buttresses nsagwada ndi unakhuthala ndi udindo wapadera mu dongosolo Chibade cha.