Kapangidwe ka msana anthu: chiwembu, akuti m'madi- waukulu. mbali structural

Msana ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Pa izo, timadalira ndi ntchito muziyendayenda. The yokhota kumapeto mawonekedwe a msana - zotanuka mofewa, chifukwa amene anapembedza zodabwitsa osiyanasiyana omwe angagwe pansi nkhawa kwambiri. Iye amalola munthu kuyenda molunjika ndi kupitiriza kusamala pa malo yokoka. M'nkhaniyi tiona kapangidwe ka msana anthu. Chizindikiro dera, ntchito, ndi thunthu awulule ayankhe ake mwatsatanetsatane.

ntchito

Msana ali thandizo amagwira ntchito. Popanda thupi zimenezi n'zosatheka. Ngati ntchito yake anagwiriridwa, ndiye munthuyo si kuyenda, koma tingoyima. Kuyambira uliri mwachindunji zimadalira thanzi akukhudzidwira. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa dongosolo la msana anthu (dera akuti anapereka m'munsimu), ndi noticeable kuti iye amapezeka mawonekedwe a ndodo kusintha. Kwa iye angagwirizanitse mafupa phewa, miyendo. Izi ndi maziko lathunthu thupi lonse, chifukwa komanso amasunga mutu, nthiti, clavicle ndi scapula.

Msana amateteza chingwe msana, ku ntchito yake zimadalira uziyenda kachitidwe zofunika kwambiri ndi ziwalo. Zokhoma, kuwonongeka, chokhwima mmene chilengedwe amavutitsa kwambiri thanzi. Kuyambira onse zotsatira tiganizire amateteza dongosolo chigoba. Ndiyamika malo inali pakati pa vertebrae, pali gulu. Danga vertebral amene pali pafupifupi makumi asanu. Tiyeni kuphunzira dongosolo la msana anthu, chizindikiro dera lomwe limasonyeza kufunika ndi tanthauzo.

General kapangidwe

Msana tichipeza m'madipatimenti asanu ndi nambala yoyenera vertebrae. Pa sagittal ndi ndege mazunzo , pali amazipotokola. Chifukwa cha iwo, katundu ndi anagawira wogawana. Zokhotakhota kubwera mu njira zosiyanasiyana kuti: lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi patsogolo otchedwa lordosis, kumbuyo - kyphosis, pambali - kupindika msana.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa dongosolo la msana anthu, chiwembu, akuti amene ali makamaka bwino zimenezi, tiona mmenemo zokhotakhota achilengedwe. Komabe, angakhale kwambiri. Ndiyeno kambiranani za kusintha pathological. Perekani okhulupirika mfundo structural, Mitsemphayi ndi zimbale intervertebral, moti chisonyezo damping kwenikweni. Mlatho lapadera msana anthu amatilola muziyendayenda bwinobwino.

Amu ndime msana

Mu ndime msana ndi madipatimenti zisanu:

• khosi;
• chifuwa;
• lumbar;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

Danga msana kumayamba ndi msana khomo lachiberekero, woimiridwa ndi kupindika otukukira kunja. Iye ndi kuyenda kwambiri, choncho munthu amatha ingapendame ndi atembenuza mutu ndi khosi kusuntha. Izi anaonetsetsa mwa zigawo ziwiri zoyambirira. Iwo akumveka mawonekedwe ndi Ufumuyo mwa njira yapadera kwa dzenje occipital.

Khomo lachiberekero msana akhoza makamaka adzatchedwa. Atatu mwa vertebrae asanu ndi dongosolo lapadera. Poyamba, alibe thupi koma imakhala arcs awiri amadalira chigaza m'munsi. Akutchedwa Buku la mapu linkawonongeka. Kenako mafupa epistrophe kwambiri wapadera. Front ali odontoid ndondomeko kutumikira msana, chifukwa chimene imazungulira pa Buku la mapu. Khomo lachiberekero msana ndi ambiri ofanana ndi ubongo. Imakhala kugwira ntchito za masiku onse "nkhani imvi." Kuwononga pano kungachititse kuti imfa.

Thorax (mankhwala umatchedwa thoracic) yokhota kumapeto C woboola pakati. Popeza n'zogwirizana ndi kumbuyo khoma la pachifuwa chifukwa nthiti zimene zaikidwa vertebrae lapansi. Izi msana ndi wofooka, kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuyandikana kwa pachifuwa. Koma kuno, komabe amatha tilting. Monga digiri yawo kwambiri zochepa kuyerekeza ndi madipatimenti ena. Motengera kayendedwe ka nthiti, popeza kuteteza ziwalo zina zofunika kwambiri monga mapapo ndi mtima. The zimbale intervertebral ndi otsika, koma spinous njira - motalika kokwanira.

Lumbar (kapena lumbar) lili vertebrae waukulu. Iye anapatsidwa ndi pamapindikira waulemu kuti zikugwirizana ndi sacrum ndi madipatimenti thoracic. Lonse chapamwamba mbali ya thupi amayikanikiza pa iye, nchifukwa chake chimachititsa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi dipatimenti imeneyi pamodzi ndi nganga amadzisankhira katundu wamkulu: kuyenda, kudumpha kapena akuthamanga, ali ndi udindo kwa lonse thupi cushioning. Choncho, m'madera amenewa m'posavuta kuti chichitike kudwala kapena kupwetekedwa mtima.

Kudulidwa awiri m'munsi salembedwa yekha wotchedwa vertebrae. The sacrum imakhala ndi fupa triangular ongokhala zinaphatikizidwa vertebrae asanu. Uyamiko kwa Iye, anapanga kugwirizana msana ndi mafupa a chiuno ndi. Coccyx - izi ndi otsika positi ofesi. chikuoneka akufanana kukalowa piramidi yokhota kumapeto mawonekedwe. Coccyx zikugwirizana ndi Mitsemphayi ndi minofu zokhudzana ndi dongosolo genitourinary. Iye katundu pa mafupa a chiuno, pokhala pa nthawi yomweyo, fulcrum. Iwo akhoza kutchedwa chokhudza mchira, zomwe mwina mizu mwa fupa m'chiuno. mafupa Female wosiyana ndi anthu mu gawo lino. Coccyx fupa akhoza mogwirizana pang'ono pamaso yobereka, kuwonjezera awiri a apakati njira, potero mutsogolo ndondomeko kwa onse mayi oyembekezerayo, ndi mwanayo. Pansipa pali mapu wathunthu, limene limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la msana anthu. Chiwembu lakuti ntchito pa izo zilipo.

vertebrae

Msana zikuphatikizapo vertebrae 24, chikugwirizana pa mndandanda ndi mzake. Iwo ali:

• msana khomo lachiberekero (mayunitsi zisanu ndi ziwiri);
• m'mawere (khumi);
• lumbar (zisanu).

Aliyense linkawonongeka ali ndi mawonekedwe cylindrical. Ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya odalirika katundu zimakhudza amafotokozera. Iwo ali mawonekedwe waku Arc ndi - ndi semicircle ndi kufalitsa kuchokera kumeneko njira. Pa Arc wa thupi vertebral ndi dzenje analengedwa. Ndimapanga pa chilichonse linkawonongeka, iwo pamodzi analenga ngalande msana, limene lili mu msana, mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

zimbale intervertebral

zinthu izi ndi tayala zozungulira thupi ndi madzi wapadera mkati pachimake ndi chimbale cha. Kapangidwe ka munthu msana (chithunzi lakuti mukhoza kuona komanso chithunzi m'munsimu), chifukwa mbale zotanuka amapereka cushioning pa gulu choimirira. Fibrous mphete, kuwachenjeza kusamuka kwa vertebrae ndi lozungulira phata pulposus. Iwo amawononga ndi matenda a msana, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale chophukacho, nchifukwa chake pali intervertebral chophukacho.

zimfundo

Msana sangaonekerenso popanda mafupa. Iwo kugwirizana vertebrae. zimfundo ndi ataphimbidwa ndi khungu losalala, chichereŵechereŵe, chifukwa chimene mikangano sizimawoneka vertebrae ululu. Mkati zimfundo ndi madzi kudya ndi lubricating chichereŵechereŵe. Chifukwa cha ichi, mwamuna akutsamira pa ndi kutembenukira mu madera osiyana ndi kuvumbitsira kayendedwe zina za thupi.

mitolo

Mitolo amitundu yosiyanasiyana awiri:

• chikasu, kaphatikizidwe Arc;
• kumbuyo kotenga polumikiza vertebrae mu gawo ili la ndime ya.

Pamaso pa kusintha pathological, ndi kuyenda mkulu zimfundo ndi Mitsemphayi akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa kuyendetsa. Chifukwa, pali hypertrophy. Tayang'anani pa dongosolo la msana anthu: chiwembu, akuti mu Chirasha anapereka m'munsimu. Zikomo fanolo ndi yosavuta kumva kuchuluka vertebrae ndi zimene Dipatimenti iwo ali.

minofu

Minofu minofu ozungulira msana. Chifukwa izi zayamba amachepetsa katundu ndi chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka makina. Pa nsana pali kungotengeka ndi zakuya minofu. Thandizo loyamba kwa mapewa ndi kuwongola kumbuyo kwake. Zikuphatikizapo latissimus, trapezius, rhomboid, serratus minofu.

ziwalo

Mkati ndime msana ndi chingwe msana, wazunguliridwa ndi olimba, arachnoid ndi zofewa zipolopolo. thupi ili zimachokera ku ubongo ndipo itha pa woyamba ndi wachiwiri m'chiuno linkawonongeka. Aliyense wa dipatimenti wake ndi udindo ziwalo zina za thupi la munthu. nchito imeneyi anaonetsetsa ndi ntchito za zilakolako mitsempha zimene zimachokera kwa chingwe msana ndi kusuntha mwachindunji ziwalo mkati. mizu mitsempha ndi maselo mu chingwe msana pali yaikulu. A mbali structural msana kuwalola ipyole foramen intervertebral.

okalamba

Monga chiwalo chilichonse cha thupi, msana mu ukalamba ndi ukalamba. zizolowezi zoipa m'mavuto izo. Chifukwa madzi m'thupi dampening katundu oonongeka, ndi Mitsemphayi ndi mafupa salinso kusintha n'kuyamba thicken. Alibe kumachitika mu galimoto, ndilo chifukwa ambiri amayamba pathologies.

Pomaliza

Tikamaphunzira kapangidwe ka msana anthu, chizindikiritso dera, thunthu n'zofunika kwambiri. Mosadziwa kukakwera nokha ndikuganiza kuti, monga mwa nthawi zonse, mwa zamoyo lamavutoli palibe zosafunika. Aliyense gawo akuchita ntchito yake. Kukhala ulalo laling'ono, lili pamodzi ndi nyumba zina thupi lonse.

Podziwa chimene dongosolo la msana anthu, zimaonekeratu n'kofunika kuti adzalipereka kulingalira mosamalitsa. Moyo wongokhala amachititsa mavuto minofu, ena amene sanali kumbali msana konse. mode amenewa amachititsa kuti mbali zina za katundu kukumana patsogolo, ndi pa zina pali ngozi choipa ngakhale pamene kutopa yaing'ono.