Caesar ndi ndani, ndipo kodi iye otchuka?

Anthu ambiri masiku ano kudziwa dzina Yuliya Tsezarya. Iwo anatchula monga dzina letesi, mmodzi wa miyezi yotentha, komanso mu filimu ndi televizioni. Kodi umenewu chithunzi anagonjetsa anthu, amakumbukira amene izi Kaisara, ngakhale zitatha zaka zikwi ziwiri pambuyo pa imfa yake?

magwero

Poyamba tsogolo mtsogoleri wandale komanso wolemba inachokera patrician Julian banja. Pa nthawi ina banja zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri moyo wa Rome. Monga banja lilolonse akale, iwo anali Baibulo zawo za chiyambi lanthano. Mzere maina awo zinachititsa kuti wamkazi Venus.

mayi Guy anali Aurelia Cotta, anali mbadwa ya plebeians wolemera. Dzina zikuonekeratu kuti mtundu wake ankatchedwa Aurelius. Atate anali Gayo Yuliy Tsezar achikulire. Zinali iye amene anali patricians lapansi.

zokambirana tima zikupitirirabe pa chaka cha kubadwa kwa wolamulira wa. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa 100 kapena 101 BC Palinso palibe kugwirizana pa chiwerengero. Zafala monga Mabaibulo atatu: 17 March, 12 July, 13 July.

Kumvetsa zimene ziri za Kaisara, ayenera amatchula ubwana wake. Iye anakulira m'dera la Rome, amene anali ndi mbiri m'malo zoipa. Iye anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba, kuphunzira Greek chinenero, mabuku apamwamba. Chidziwitso cha Greek zinamuthandiza maphunziro zina, monga ambiri zokhudza sayansi olembedwa. Mphunzitsi wake anali wogwira wotchuka Marcus Antonio Gnipho, amene anaphunzitsa Cicero.

Mwina 85 BC Guy anali kutsogolera banja la Julian chifukwa cha imfa mwadzidzidzi bambo ake.

Khalidwe: maonekedwe, chikhalidwe, zizolowezi

Za maonekedwe Gaya Yuliya kumanzere kwambiri zafotokozedwa anapanga zambiri zithunzi zake sculptural, kuphatikizapo moyo. Caesar chithunzi (kukhazikitsanso) amene anapereka pamwamba, anali, monga Suetonius, wamtali, mzungu. Iye inamangidwa bwino ndipo anali ndi mdima, maso mumangidwa.

Wandale ndi mtsogoleri wa asilikali m'malo mosamala kuyang'ana aziwatsatira. Iye anadula makadabo ake, atameta anakudzula tsitsi. Ndi malo dazi kutsogolo kwa mutu, anali kubisalira mu munjira ina iliyonse, kuongola tsitsi ndi korona la pamphumi. Malinga Plutarch, kukula kwa thupi Kaisara anali wofooka kwambiri.

Olemba akale onse pamodzi anagwirizana kuti wolamulira anali mwamphamvu. Mwamsanga kuyankha kusintha kwa zinthu. Malinga ndi Pliny Wamkulu, anali kulankhulana ndi anthu ambiri kudzera m'makalata. Ngati n'koyenera, wopondereza akhoza ankawerenga komanso ulembedwe m'makalata angapo alembi olandira zosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, iye akanakhoza pa mphindi ino iye kulemba chinachake.

Gay Yuly pafupifupi sanamwe vinyo ndipo anali wodzichepetsa kwambiri chakudya. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anatulutsa imene lankhondo la zinthu zapamwamba monga apansi zithunzi, mtengo mbale. Iye anagula zojambula, ziboliboli, akapolo wokongola.

Banja ndi moyo

Yuliy Tsezar, amene yonena imatengedwa mwalamulo anakwatira katatu. Ngakhale pali zomwe kutsogolo m'mabanja amenewa, iye anali pa chibwenzi ndi Kossutsiey. akazi ake anali akuti:

• Korneliyo kazembe wa banja.
• Pompeyi - mdzukulu wopondereza Yosunga.
• Calpurnia - woimira anthu olemera plebeian.

Cornelia ndi mkulu anali ndi mwana wamkazi, amene anakwatira mnzake wake Gnaeus Pompeyi. Monga unansi wake ndi Cleopatra, zinachitikadi pamene Gay Yuly anali mu Igupto. Pambuyo Cleopatra anali mwana, amene anapereka dzina la Alesandiriya Caesarion. Komabe, Yuliy Tsezar sanamuzindikire monga mwana wake ndipo analemba chifuniro chake.

ntchito zankhondo ndiponso zandale

Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake inali malo a flamen wa Jupitala wokhala Guy anachita 80s BC Akuchita zimenezi zimafika chinkhoswe ndipo anakwatira mwana wa Korneliyo Cinna, amene asankha iye positi wolemekezeka. Koma zinthu mwamsanga anasintha Rome m'malo ndi mphamvu, ndi Guy anayenera kusiya mzinda.

Kumvetsa zimene ziri za Kaisara, amalola zitsanzo zambiri pa moyo wake. Mmodzi wa awa ndi choncho, pamene anagwidwa ndi achifwamba dipo. wandale idaomboledwa, koma mwamsanga pambuyo pake, bungwe adani a anawagwira ndipo anawapha, anapachikidwa.

anali ndani Yuliy Tsezar mu Roma? Iye anagwirizira udindo zotsatirazi:

• pontifi;
• asilikali Tribune;
• quaestor pankhani za chuma mu Komanso Spain;
• Mtsogoleri wa Apiyo, amene anakonza ndalama zawo;
• curule aediles - udindo gulu la zomangamanga m'tauni, malonda, Catering;
• mutu wa okhazikika bwalo chigawenga;
• moyo wonse Pontifex Maximus;
• bwanamkubwa wa Komanso Spain.

Onse malo amenewa amafuna ndalama lalikulu. Ndikutanthauza anatenga kuchokera angongole wake, omwe ndi kumvetsa kwawo.

triumvirate loyamba

Patapita kazembe bwino Spain Long ankamuyembekezera mfundo m'chigonjetso mwa Rome. Komabe, iye anakana ulemu zifukwa ntchito. Mfundo yakuti anabwera nthawi (by zaka), pamene iye akanakhoza kukhala osankhidwa Kazembe mu Senate. Koma chofunika kulembetsa monga wosankhika a munthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo munthu amene akuyembekezera mokondwera sangakhale Mosakhalitsa kuonekera mu mzinda. Iye anali kusankha mokomera ntchito zina, kusiya maulemu anadalira wopambana.

Ataphunzira cha chimene Kaisara, zikuonekeratu kuti chikhumbo chake zinkandisangalatsa masiku ano mu Senate kwa chaka choyamba chimene ndi chovomerezeka pansi pa lamulo. Pa nthawiyo ankaona wolemekezeka kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha ma yaitali ndale ndondomeko kuyanjanitsa anzake awiri, chifukwa mu triumvirate choyamba anatuluka. The limatanthauza "mgwirizano wa amuna atatu." Chaka cha chilengedwe chake samadziwika motsimikiza, chifukwa mgwirizano uwu ndinali kuvala khalidwe chinsinsi. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti zimenezi zachitika mu 59 kapena 60 BC Amakhala Kaisara, Pompeyi, Crassus. Monga zotsatira zake Gayo Julius anakwanitsa kukhala kazembe.

Nawo Gallic Nkhondo

triumvirate awo Yuliy Tsezar, amene yonena limaoneka m'nkhani anakhala kukhumudwitsa anthu a Rome. Komabe, chifukwa kuchoka kwake kwa chigawo cha madandaulo onse izo zimayenera kutsanulira Gnaeus Pompeyi.

Panthawi imeneyi Province Narbonne Gau anakhazikitsidwa mu chimene tsopano ndi France. Caesar anafika ku Bandar Ganaveh pa malo amene ankakhala Geneva nkhani ndi atsogoleri a umodzi mwa mitundu Acelt. Wapanikizidwa Germany, mafuko awa anayamba kukhazikika m'dera la Republic Roma. Guy kulimbana kwa chigawo dziko ndi Gauls ndi Germany. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anatsogolera kukaona ku Britain.

Pambuyo mndandanda wa kupambana kwa Kaisara anakhala m'chaka cha 50 BC kuti Kumvetsela onse Gau kwa Rome. Komabe, iye sanaiwale kutsatira zochitika mu City Wamuyaya. Nthawi zina ngakhale kanthu iwo kudzera proxies awo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa olamulira ankhanza a

Back mu Roma, ambiri analimbana ndi Gnaeus Pompeyi. Mu zaka 49-45 BC Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti Civil nkhondo. Gay Tsezar anali kumbali ambiri m'dziko lonse la Italy. Iye adayandikira kumbali mbali yaikulu ya usilikali ndipo anapita ku Roma. Pompeyi anathawira ku Greece. Nkhondo zinachitika m'dziko lonselo. Mkulu ndi magulu ake alternated yapambana ndi zomvetsa. Nkhondo anali Nkhondo ya Pharsalus, wopambana wa imene inali Kaisara.

Gnaeus anathawa kachiwiri. nthawi ino iye anapita ku Egypt. Julius anapereka anam'tsatira. Palibe amene akutsutsana ndi sanayembekezere kuti aphe Pompeyi ku Egypt. Pali Gay Yuly anakakamizika yaitali. Poyamba, chifukwa anali akumane kuti sitima mphepo, kenako mkulu anaganiza kusintha moyo wake ndalama chifukwa mafumu Ptolemaic. Motero, iye anali nawo nkhondo ufumu pakati pa chakhumi ndi chitatu Ptolemy ndi Cleopatra.

Mu Egypt, anakhala miyezi ingapo, ndiye anapitiriza cholinga chake kubwezeretsa dera la Rome, amene anayamba kuphwanya chifukwa Civil nkhondo.

Caesar anakhala wolamulira katatu;

1. M'chaka cha 49 BC, nyengo ya masiku 11, kenako anatula pansi.
2. Mu '48 BC, kwa chaka chimodzi, kenako anapitiriza ufumu wake monga kazembe, ndipo kenako Kazembe.
3. 46 BC Iye anakhala wolamulira ndi silinena ofunda nyengo ya zaka 10.

mphamvu zake zonse zinali zochokera asilikali Choncho, kusankha Kaisara kwa maudindo onse wotsatira unali mwambo.

Mu ulamuliro wake, Gayo Julius Caesar (chosema chithunzi Tingaone pamwamba), pamodzi ndi anzake unachitikira zosiyanasiyana kusintha. Komabe, kudziwa a iwo mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi nthawi ya ulamuliro wake, ndi kovuta. Yotchuka kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kalendara ya Chiroma. Nzika anali kupita kalendala ya dzuwa, limene anayamba asayansi ku Alexandria Sozingen. Choncho, 45 BC panali tsopano kudziwika kwa onse kalendala ya Julius.

Imfa ndi Testament

Tsopano zikuonekeratu amene ali Yuliy Tsezar, amene yonena inatha zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Mu 44 BC Chiwembu unapangidwa ndi ulamuliro wake autocratic. Otsutsa ndi mbali ya wolamulira ankaopa anali Adamu anamutcha iye ndi mfumu. gulu limodzi natsogozedwa ndi Mark Yuny Brutus.

Pa msonkhano wa Senate achiwembuwo anazindikira lingaliro la Kaisara chiwonongeko. Pa thupi lake pambuyo wakupha anatulukira 23 kubaya mabala. nzika ya Roma anatentha thupi pa Forum.

Gay Yuly anapanga m'malo mphwake Gayo Octavius (anatengera iye), amene ali firii kotala ya cholowa, ndipo ankatchedwa monga izi: Gayo Yuliy Tsezar.

Mu ulamuliro wake, iye anathamangitsa ndi lamulo sacralization dzina mwini ndi mzere. Zikuoneka bwino zochita zake pa Kukwezeleza munthu wake kuposa zokhumba zake. Mwina n'chifukwa chake masiku ano a Gayo Yuliya Tsezarya chikudziwika ngati ophunzira, ndi akuluakulu a zojambulajambula.