Cathedral ya Theodore ku St. Petersburg

Kale kwambiri chikumbutso cha chikondwerero cha zaka 300 za ulamuliro wa mafumu a Romanov omwe adakondweretsedwa mu 1913, kukonzekera chochitika chachikuluchi chinayambira ku Russia. Ku St. Petersburg, adasankha kukhazikitsa kachisi wa chikumbutso, ndi mawonekedwe ake, kupanga zihempeli pachiyambi cha zaka za XVII, pamene ufumu wa Russia unamangidwa ndi mfumu Michael Fedorovich - yemwe anayambitsa ufumu wa mafumu. Icho chinali chikumbutso chotero kwa zaka mazana atatu za ufumu wa Russia kuti Cathedral ya Theodorovskaya Icon ya Amayi a Mulungu anakhala.

Ntchito ya Kachisi ya Chikumbutso

Kuti akwaniritse zolingazi, mu 1909, pansi pa ntchito ya Grand Duke ndi mchimwene wa Emperor Nicholas II, Mikhail Alexandrovich, komiti yapadera inakhazikitsidwa, motsogoleredwa ndi mmodzi mwa atsogoleri otchuka a zaka zimenezo, Major General D. Ya Dashkov.

Komitiyi inayambitsa ntchitoyi pakuona polojekiti khumi ndi ingapo yomwe imatumizidwa ku likulu la dziko lonse. Chofunika kwambiri chinali chovomerezedwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa St. Petersburg S. S. Krichinsky, amene anapanga Cathedral ya Feodorov mofanana ndi akachisi a Nizhnevolzhsky a m'zaka za m'ma 1500 ndi 1700. Ntchito yake inavomerezedwa kuti ikwaniritsidwe.

Malo oti adzamangidwe mtsogolo

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusankha malo kumanga tchalitchi chachikulu pamsewu wopita ku Mirgorod ndi ku Poltava m'misewu kunali kosavuta. Iye anali chifukwa cha zochita zazikulu za woyang'anira nyumba ya a Theodore Horodetsky, amene munda wake unali pafupi kwambiri ndi gawo lino. Pofuna kukulitsa munda wa munda, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti amange kachisi wamkulu ndi wamkulu pa ndalama zake zonse, abbot anakhoza kutsogolera mamembala a komitiyo ku chisankho chomwe anafunikira.

Pambuyo pake, kusankha malo kumene Katolika wa St. Theodore anamangidwira kunatsutsidwa ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu, makamaka Boma la Moscow, General VF Dzhunkovskiy, yemwe adanena kuti kachisiyo amamanga kunja kwa mzinda.

Ndi mawu oterewa, simungavomereze. Mzindawu unali pafupi kwambiri ndi sitima ya sitima ya Nikolaevsky komanso pafupi ndi dzina lomweli, ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, pamene malire a mzindawo anali ochepa kwambiri kuposa masiku ano, nyumbayo inali pafupi ndi mbiri yake.

Lembani Bookmark the Cathedral

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa tchalitchichi kunayambika kumayambiriro kwa August 1911 pamaso pa anthu a nyumba yomwe ikulamulira ndi matrasti a komiti yomanga. Utumiki waumulungu wophatikizapo chochitika chofunikira ichi unatsogoleredwa ndi Bishopu Wamkulu wa Volyn Anthony (Khrapovitsky).

Malinga ndi mwambo wamakedzana, kumapeto kwa msonkhano wopempherera, alendo onse olemekezeka anagonjetsa ndalama zogulitsa ngongole kumalo okonzedwa kale. Monga momwe nyuzipepala za zaka izo zikuchitira umboni, Grand Duke anapereka nsembe chifukwa chaichi mwakabisira ndalama zenizeni za nthawi ya mfumu yoyamba, Mikhail Fedorovich.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa kumanga ndi kudzipatulira kwa tchalitchi chachikulu

Ngakhale kuti m'zaka zakale zomwe maganizo amenewa a "Soviet" ndi "Komsomol" anali asanakhale ofala, adagwira ntchito mwamsanga komanso mwachangu. Milungu inali yoopa, iwo adadziwa - pa Chiweruzo Chotsatira, kunyalanyaza mwamphamvu kuli kofunikira kwambiri. Chotsatira chake, pasanathe zaka ziwiri, pamene mutu wapakati pa tchalitchi ukupitirizabe kumangidwa, udakonzedwa ndi mtanda. Chochitika ichi, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa tchalitchi cha Katolika, chinali limodzi ndi katswiri wina wamtundu wankhondo wotchedwa Antiochian Patriarch Gregory IV, yemwe anali panthawiyo ku St. Petersburg.

Tchalitchi cha Feodorovsky (St. Petersburg) chinamalizidwa patatha chaka chimodzi, pamene mu Januari mchaka cha 1914, pamaso pa mfumu, mamembala a banja lake ndi akuluakulu apamwamba a boma, chapemphelo chapamwamba cha tchalitchi chake chapamwamba chinapatulidwa. Pamodzi ndi iye, parishiyo inalengedwa, kumene sitima yapamtunda ya Nikolayevsky ndi mabungwe ake onse ndi mautumiki ake anatumizidwa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Cathedral ya St. Theodore inali mbali ya nyumba ya amonke ya nyumba ya Monasteri ya Gorodets, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa polemekeza dzina la Theodore la Amayi a Mulungu. Anali kachisi uyu amene anamutcha dzina lake.

Chikumbutso ku Nyumba ya Romanovs

Tchalitchicho, chomwe chinakhala chikumbutso mpaka nthawi ya mafumu a Romanov, chinakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku konkire yowonjezera pa maziko a luso lamakono pa nthawi imeneyo. Ndalama zomwe anamanga - theka la milioni ya ruble, yomwe inali ndalama zambiri pa nthawiyi, idasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zopereka za anthu zomwe zinaperekedwa ku Russia konse. Ichi, chilengedwe chenicheni cha dziko, m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku chinadziwika kuti "Mpingo wa Romanov."

Cathedral ya St. Theodore, yokongola kwambiri mamita makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi theka la mamita ndipo yodzala ndi mizinda isanu yokhala ndi kachisi wa Russia, inakhala ndi anthu oposa atatu ndi hafu panthawi yomweyo. Zingatheke mosavuta m'kati mwake, zomwe zinali mamita mazana asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi.

Chiyambi cha zomangamanga chinali khoma loyandikana ndi belu, ndipo likufanana ndi khoma la Moscow Kremlin. Malingana ndi cholinga cha wolemba, chiyenera kuwonetsera mgwirizano wa mizinda yayikuru ya ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow - mitu ikuluikulu ya ufumu waukulu.

Zojambulajambula za tchalitchi chachikulu

Monga momwe zikuonekera m'mabuku otsalawo, Cathedral ya Theodore Icon ya Mayi wa Mulungu anali ndi mapulani okongoletsera kunja, opangidwa mu njira ya mosaic ndi majolica. Makamaka mawonekedwe a majolica omwe amasonyeza Mayi Woyera Woyera wa Mulungu akufalitsa Pokrov pa Nyumba yolamulira ya Romanovs adayikidwa kumpoto wakumpoto moyang'anizana ndi Mirgorodskaya Street.

Pa khoma lomwelo wina amakhoza kuona Chidole cha Theodore cha Amayi a Mulungu, komanso mtengo wokhala ndi zithunzi za mafumu a zaka mazana atatu apitawo. Zolemba zonse ziwirizi zinkachitidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mpando wa tchalitchi unali wopangidwa ndi mkuwa wonyezimira ndipo, masiku otentha kwambiri a St. Petersburg, anawala ndi nzeru zopanda malire.

Kathedral m'manja mwa Renovationists

Pambuyo pa kulamulira kwa a Bolshevik, ngakhale kuti ndale zawo zopanda umulungu, Cathedral ya St. Theodore (St. Petersburg) monga tchalitchi cha parishi, adagwira ntchito kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Popeza kuti nyumba ya amonke yomwe inali m'dera lawo yomwe inalipo inali kuthetsedwa mu 1920, anthu okhalamo - monki umodzi, ma alerodeaconi anai ndi asanu ndi mmodzi a hieromonks - anakakamizidwa kusamukira ku Alexander Nevsky Lavra, kumene ubale wa amonke unakhazikitsidwa panthawiyo.

Katolikayo mpaka kumapeto kwake inali m'manja mwa a Renovationists - otsatira atsopano a schismatic mu Russian Orthodox Church, omwe anathandizidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi a Bolshevik. Chifukwa cha chilungamo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yonseyi, Sande sukulu inkagwira ntchito m'makoma ake, kumene ana a zaka zapakati pa zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu akuphunzira.

Kachisi anasanduka mkaka

Mu 1932, potsatira chigamulo cha komiti yayikulu ya Leningrad City Council, Cathedral ya Theodore ya Our Lady inatsekedwa, ndipo maziko ake adasamutsidwa kuti achotse mkaka wapafupi. Popeza atapereka chakudya chokwanira pamaso pa anthu auzimu, anthu a mumzindawo adataya chophimba chachikulu cha mbiri yawo ya zaka mazana atatu.

Kutembenuzira kachisi wa Mulungu kukhala makampani opanga zinthu, akuluakulu a boma amamanganso kwathunthu ndi malo ake enieni. Iwo anawonongedwanso molemekezeka kwambiri panthawi ya dome la St. Petersburg. Anthu okalamba a Leningraders mwachionekere amakumbukira nyumba yosasunthikayi ndi ndodo zodabwitsa pamwamba pa denga, mwamsanga anawonongedwa mu 1970, madzulo akubwera kwa Pulezidenti wa ku America Richard Nixon ku Leningrad.

Nthawi zatsopano - zochitika zatsopano

M'zaka za perestroika, pamene asilikali a dzulo omwe anali ndi zipembedzo zadzidzidzi adawona kuwala ndikuyamba kubatiza pamaso pa makamera a kamera, Kachisi ya Theodore Icon ya Amayi a Mulungu, kapena kuti, otsala a iye, anabwezeredwa pachifuwa cha Tchalitchi. Panali ntchito yambiri yobwezeretsa. Pambuyo pa zaka makumi ambiri za ulamuliro wopanda umulungu wochokera ku kachisi wakale, makoma okha omwe adakonzedwa mwakachetechete ndi katswiri wa zisanayambe kusinthika SS Krichinsky kuchokera ku konkire yatsopano yowonjezeredwa, yomwe inali yatsopano kwa nthawi imeneyo, inakhalabe yosavulazidwa.

Monga mmasiku akale a kumangidwe kwa kachisi, ndipo tsopano kubwezeretsedwa kwake kunakhazikitsidwa gulu la matrasti, lomwe linali ndi oimira utsogoleri wa dziko latsopano la demokalase.

Kubadwa kwachiwiri kwa tchalitchi chachikulu

Ntchitoyi inayamba mu 2005, ndipo inatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Kwa zaka mazana anai a ku Romanovs nyumba Feodorovsky "mfumu ya tchalitchi chachikulu" adabereka kachiwiri. Ulamuliro wa kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu kwa mipando itatu ya mpingo wake wapamwamba unachitika pa September 14, 2013 ndi Patriarch Kirill wa Moscow ndi All Russia. Ena mwa alendo olemekezeka anali: Mtumiki wa Chikhalidwe cha Russia VR Medinsky, BV Gryzlov, komanso Chairman wa Federation Federation of the Russian Federation V. I. Matvienko.

Pakali pano, pali akachisi awiri mkati mwa tchalitchi chachikulu - chotsika, choperekedwa kwa Prince Woyera Alexander Nevsky ndi kuphedwa pamatchalitchi a Russian a m'zaka za zana la 13, komanso chapamwamba, lolembedwa pamayambiriro a zaka za zana la 17 - nthawi ya ulamuliro woyamba wa mafumu a Romanov. Njira iyi ya mkatikatikati ya kachisi sizongoganizira za kubwezeretsa, koma zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lachilengedwe la womanga nyumba, lomwe linazindikira zaka zana zapitazo. Cathedral ya St. Theodore (St. Petersburg) inayambanso kuoneka ngati yoyamba.

Katolika inabwerera kwa anthu

Ntchito zonse zobwezeretsa zitatha, ntchito zomwezo zinayambika ku tchalitchi chachikulu monga m'mipingo ina ku Russia. Kuonjezerapo, pano, mogwirizana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito kwambiri mumudziwu, ntchito yaikulu yophunzitsa ikuchitika pakati pa ana ndi akulu.

Sande sukulu idatseguka, komanso maphunziro ophunzitsa anthu omwe akufuna kuti alandire ubatizo woyera ndi aliyense amene akufuna kudziwa chipembedzo cha atate awo. Parisi imathandizanso anthu omwe akumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.