The particulate fyuluta - ndi chiyani? Kubwereza kachiwiri kwa particulate fyuluta

Magalimoto, omwe amatulutsa utsi, amachititsa kuti chilengedwe chiwopsyeze. Choncho, automakers anayamba kukonzekera awo makina osiyanasiyana catalysts. Ndipo ngati pamagalimoto ndi injini ya petrol iyo imatchulidwa ndendende, pa injini ya dizilo ndi fyuluta ya soti. Kodi ichi ndi chiani? Kodi chimangidwe ndi ntchito yake ndi yotani? Pazinthu zonsezi osati osati - kenako m'nkhani yathu.

Kusankhidwa

Fyuluta ya particle ya dizeli imapangidwira kuyeretsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ku soot particles. Kugwiritsira ntchito chigawo ichi mukutulutsa mpweya kungathe kuchepetsa kulemera kwa carbon dioxide ndi 95 peresenti. Yotsirizirayi imapangidwa chifukwa cha kuyatsa kosakwanira kwa mafuta. The tinthu kukula kwa carbon wakuda ndi 1 mpaka 0.01 μm. Zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamkuwa, madzi, sulfure, komanso makina a carbon. Zomwe zilipo zokhudzana ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi katundu pa injini.

Kumene mungagwiritse ntchito

Kodi ndi galimoto yotani yomwe dielel particulate fyuluta imayikidwa? "Volkswagen", "Audi", "Mercedes". Iyi ndi mndandanda wa magalimoto omwe amatsirizidwa ndi mfundoyi. Pa magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto yowonongeka ya dizilo yakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 2000, pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya "Euro-2" ndi yapamwamba. M'mayiko a European Union, kupezeka kwa chothandizira chimenechi ndiloyenera kuyambira 2011, ngakhale pa magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto.

Malo:

Kodi fyuluta ya particulate ili kuti? "Mercedes" ndi magalimoto ochuluka a ku Ulaya ali ndi dongosolo lomwelo lothandizira. Zangokhala kumbuyo kwa zozizira zambiri. Malowa ndi chifukwa chakuti panopa pamakhala kutentha kwa mpweya.

Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito

Chofunika kwambiri pa fyuluta ya soti ndi ceramic matrix. Zimapangidwa ndi silicon carbide. Zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa catalysts za mafuta injini. Matrix imayikidwa muzitsulo zamatabwa zitsulo ndipo imakhala ndi maunyolo ndi maselo osatseka. Gawo lolowera la element ndi porous. Zimakhala ngati fyuluta. Maselo a chiwerengero chothandizira amakhala olemera. Pa magalimoto amakono ambiri, mafayilo ndi maselo 8 a malasha aikidwa. Zinthu zoterezi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zodalirika ndipo zimalola kuti mpweya wambiri utenge.

Ndondomeko ya kufutukula

Kusinkhasinkha ndi kusinthika - malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, fyuluta iliyonse imagwira ntchito. Ndi chiyani? Kusungunula ndi njira yomwe mchere umapangidwira ndikupitiriza kukhala pamakoma. Zowonjezereka, ndizosavuta kuti chothandizira kugwira ntchito. Komabe, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya uli ndi peresenti yabwino ya carbon black, mpaka 1 μm mu kukula. Ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa chilengedwe komanso mlengalenga wa munthu.

Onaninso kuti patapita nthawi, fyuluta ya dizilo ("Renault TDI Master") imakhala yokutidwa, ndipo imafuna malo. Koma chifukwa cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali (kuchokera $ 400), enieni a galimoto a ku Russia "amadula" izo kuchokera mu "ubongo" wa kompyutala ndikuyika m'malo mwake "spacer" - chitoliro chachitsulo chofanana.

Kusasinthika kusinthika kwa fyuluta yambiri

Opaleshoniyi ikuchitika chifukwa cha kutentha (kuchokera madigiri 500 Celsius). Ndicho chifukwa chake chothandizira chimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo kumbuyo kwa kutuluka kwazitentha. Powonongeka ndi fyuluta yotentha ya dizilo, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (kutanthauza kuti nayitrogeni) imagwira mpweya wabwino, kotero kuti nitrogen dioxide imapangidwa . Chotsaliracho, chophatikizapo sosi, chimasandulika kukhala oxidi ndi carbon monoxide. Zachigawo ziwiri zomalizazi, kutulutsa mpweya, zimagawanika kukhala nitrogen dioxide ndi carbon dioxide. Imeneyi ndiyo ndondomeko yotulutsa mpweya wotentha pa galimoto ya dizilo.

Pansi pa injini inayake yogwiritsira ntchito injini, kusonkhanitsa sopo kungakhale kopanda ntchito. Amayenda mofulumira kudzera m'maselo kupita kunja. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyambanso kukonzanso kwa particulate fyuluta yamasulidwa.

Ogwira ntchito

Mankhwalawa amachititsa kukula kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wotentha. Zonsezi zimachitika panthawi yochepa. Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingakakamizire kutentha kutentha:

• Kenaka injini ya mafuta.
• Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi microwaves.
• Jekeseni wa mafuta kutsogolo kwa fyuluta yakuda.
• Kuika moto wamoto.

Zopangidwe za sayansiyi sizinasinthe, ndipo tsopano mtundu wotchuka kwambiri ndi fyuluta yokhala ndi chovala chothandizira komanso njira yowonjezeretsera zowonjezera mafuta. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Fyuluta yodabwitsa

Kodi ichi ndi chiani? Fyuluta iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto a banja la Volkswagen. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ikuphatikizapo kusinthika mwakhama.

Pachifukwachi, mankhwalawa amachokera ku chitsulo chokhazikika cha sosi chifukwa cha chothandizira - platinamu, kudzera mwa mpweya. Kutentha kwa opaleshoni kumakhala madigiri 300 mpaka 500 Celsius. Ntchito yogwira ntchito imapezeka pamtunda wapamwamba wa madigiri 650 Celsius.

Izi zimaphatikizapo mayendedwe angapo olamulira. Izi ndi mamita a masentimita a mpweya, masensa a phokoso ndi kutulutsa kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, komanso kuponderezedwa kumene fyuluta yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito. Kodi izi zimapereka chiyani? Deta zonse zomwe analandira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu kompyuta, chifukwa cha momwe chipangizochi chimaperekera chizindikiro kuti kenaka adziwe mafuta, kapena amachepetsa mpweya wabwino ku chipinda. Mwa njira iyi, kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo amachitira ndi zinthu zothandizira.

Sakanizani ndi zowonjezera dongosolo

Chothandizira ichi chinapangidwa ndi akatswiri a ku France ndipo amakaikidwa pa Peugeot, Citroën, Ford ndi Toyota magalimoto. Dzina lina la particulate fyuluta ndi FAP. Chofunika cha ntchitoyo ndi chophweka. Makhalidwewa ali ndi zowonjezera ndi catalytic converter (cerium), yomwe imaphatikizidwa ku mafuta ndipo imathandiza kusintha kwa kutenthedwa kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa (pafupifupi madigiri 500 Celsius). Komabe, pa zochepa zovuta zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa, choncho kukakamizidwa kukonzanso kumagwirizana ndi ntchito. Zowonjezera zokha zimasungidwa mu chidebe chokha (4-5 malita).

Zowonjezera zake ziri pafupi makilomita 100,000 ndipo ndi zofanana ndi moyo wautumiki wa fyuluta yokha. Mu thanki, chowonjezera ichi chikudyetsedwa ndi mpope wamagetsi. Zimayikidwa pamtunda uliwonse wokhala ndi magetsi opangira magetsi. Kujambula kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lino - pamene kuyatsa kesiamu kumakhala pamakoma ngati mawonekedwe a phulusa, omwe amatsitsa kwambiri fyuluta. Kotero, ili ndi moyo wautali woterewu.

Kodi mungakulitse bwanji moyo wautumiki?

Popeza kutentha kwa mphukira kumachitika kutentha, nthawi ya moyo wa fyuluta imadalira pafupipafupi zomwe zimayaka. Choncho, nthawi zambiri opaleshoniyi imachitika, zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma ndingatani kuti ndiwonjezere mtunda wa galimoto pakati pa kuwotchedwa kwa converter? Kwa izi, zowonjezera zowonjezera zilipo kutetezera particulate fyuluta. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutentha kwake kuyambira 600 mpaka 400 madigiri Celsius. Gwiritsani ntchito makina otsika mu chiyembekezo kuti kutentha kwa sosi sikuchitika, ndi zopanda pake. Pazochitika zoterozo, kubwezeretsedwa kwachangu kumaperekedwa - ngakhale pokhapokha kachiwiri chipangizocho chidzagwira ntchito 100%.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti mumagwira ntchito?

Zizindikiro za fyuluta yotsekedwa n'zosavuta kuzindikira. Izi ndizofooka zochepa, utsi wochokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, kudyetsa mafuta. Kawirikawiri mu gawoli zinthu zotere zikuwoneka chimodzimodzi monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa.

Pachifukwa ichi, tikufunika kuti tipeze mayesero - m'malo mwake tidzakhala m'malo atsopano (omwe eni ake a galimoto sangathe kuwatsata) kapena kuchotsa ku dongosolo.

Kutsiliza

Kotero, ife tinapeza chomwe chothandizira cha dizilo chiri. Monga mukuonera, chipangizochi chimamenyana bwino ndi kutsuka. Komabe, zinthu zabwino zonse zimawonongeka pamene nthawi yobwezeretsa ikubwera. Mtengo wa chinthu chatsopano ndi pafupifupi rubulu 50-80,000.
Choncho, njira yabwino ndi kuchotsera particulate fyuluta pulogalamuyi kuchokera pa kompyuta ndikuyika munthu womangira moto woyaka moto kapena chitoliro chophweka chachitsulo m'malo mwake. Njirayi imakhala ndi ruble 5 mpaka 15,000.