Chida choyamba cha phokoso lojambula ndi kutulutsa, lopangidwa ndi Edison

Chida choyamba chojambulira ndi kutulutsa phokoso, chomwe chinatchedwa phonograph, chinapangitsa chidwi kwambiri kwa anthu masiku ano kuti, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akufuna kuwona chozizwitsa ichi cha sayansi, Menlo-Poark, kumene wolemba wake ankakhala, amayenera kuyambitsa sitima zina. Manyuzipepala padziko lonse lapansi alemba za kuwonjezeka kwaumunthu kupita ku malo atsopano, kuti athe kumasulira zilankhulo za thupi ndi magazi. Dzina la wopanga izi ndi Thomas Alva Edison.

Kubadwa kwa Maganizo a Genius

Pambuyo pazaka zambiri, atakhala ndi ulemerero komanso adapeza dziko labwino kwambiri, American wolemba bwino analemba kuti pazinthu zake zonse, zomwe zaka zambiri za moyo zinaphatikizapo mazanama angapo, kupangidwa kwa galamafoni ndilo lokonda kwambiri komanso lofunika kwambiri. Popereka mafunso ochuluka ndikuyankha funsoli ponena za chimene chinalimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa lingaliro lochititsa chidwi, Edison anayankha mokondwera kuti: "Chosowa chosavuta chalachi chala."

Malingana ndi iye, tsiku lina, akugwira ntchito yopititsa patsogolo telefoni, iye anayamba kuimba nyimbo imodzi yotchuka. Dzanja lake linali pafupi ndi nembanemba kumene singano idagulitsidwa. Mbanemba, pokhala atamva phokoso la liwulo, inapanga mndandanda wa zozizwitsa. Pamodzi ndi iye kunabwera kayendetsedwe ka singano ndi singano, mopweteka kwambiri adathyola chala.

Monga mu nthawi ya Newton wamkulu, apulo yomwe inagwera pa iye inati lingaliro la chilengedwe chonse, monga momwe singano yomwe inakanirira mu chala idalimbikitsa Edison mfundo yoyimira kujambula kwa phokoso. Lingalirolo linali losavuta: ngati pamwamba pangathe kukonza tsatanetsatane kuchokera ku singano yosasuntha, ndipo kenaka muzitole pamodzi ndi singano yomweyi yolumikizidwa ku nembanemba, ndiye ndithudi payenera kukhala phokoso.

Mimba Yoyimba

Pozindikira lingaliro lake, Edison anagwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu yachitsulo, kukulunga ndi zojambula zofewa. Kenaka, ataika nembanemba ndi singano pafupi ndi iyo, anayamba kuyinthasintha, akupitiriza kuimba nyimbo yomweyo. Anali otchuka kwambiri pazaka zomwezo za mtsikana Mariya ndi mwanawankhosa wake.

Nthanoyo inayamba kumumvera kuchokera pansi pa tini, ndipo pamene itatha, anaibwezera pachiyambi ndipo, akuyendayenda, anamva mawu ake. Aliyense amene analipo anadabwa kwambiri. Chinthu chopanda pake chinayankhula mu liwu la munthu. Palibe chonga ichi chisanadze mbiri yakale. Pa tsiku lino, pa 18, 1877, galamafoni yoyamba inabadwa.

Chisokonezo chomwe chayenda ku America konse

Komabe, tsiku lake lobadwa lachibwana likugwiridwa ndi August 12 a chaka chomwechi, pamene lusoli linayambitsidwa kwa anthu onse. Ma nyuzipepala a ku America analemba za zomwe anachita, zomwe zinapangitsa opezekapo kukhala chozizwitsa chimenechi. Malingana ndi umboni wawo, ambiri owonerera amawopa mantha enieni a makina oyankhula.

Nkhani zamakono zinangoyendayenda m'dziko lonselo ndipo zinachititsa chisangalalo chosaneneka. Kwa nyumba ya woyambitsayo anayambira ulendo waukulu umene sitimayo sinayende nayo kuchuluka kwa anthu okwera, ndipo oyang'anirawo anakakamizika kulengeza treni zina zowonjezera. Chidwi chochokera kwa anthuchi chinayambitsidwa ndi chipangizo choyambirira chojambulira ndi kutulutsa phokoso.

Anthu okayikira ku Ulaya

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngati ku America lusolo linavomerezedwa ndi chidwi chachikulu, ndiye kuti ku Europe yowonjezereka kwambiri panali anthu ambiri otsutsa omwe amayesa kufotokoza zosayembekezereka ndi chiphunzitso choyambirira ndi zabodza.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene phonograph inasonyezedwa ku Paris Academy chaka chotsatira, mmodzi mwa anthu ake olemekezeka - Academician Jean-Boulogne - ananena momveka bwino kuti phokoso lachidziwitso ndilo silinali la makina, koma kwa wolankhula bwino kwambiri amene ali pafupi. Iye adawopseza kuti adzamunyoza Edison, atanyoza anthu olemekezeka. Mwachidziŵikire, milandu yotereyi inapangidwa m'masamba a ku Russia a nthawi imeneyo.

Chiyambi cha nthawi ya nyimbo zoimba

Pokhala ndi malingaliro ochuluka a kulenga, Edison anaona muzinthu zake zopangidwa osati kokha njira yojambula mawu, komanso nyimbo. Ngakhale kuti ngakhale masiku ano khalidwe labwino la zipangizo zake linali lochepa kwambiri, komabe iye adapeza kulandiridwa kosangalatsa ndi okonda nyimbo. Chokha ndi chithandizo chake chinali chotheka kulemba ndi kusungira zochitika zomwe zimachitika m'ma virtuosos ambiri otchuka.

Zimadziwika, mwachitsanzo, zotsatirazi: Woimba wina wa ku Russia wotchuka Anton Rubinstein anadandaula kwambiri kuti zipangizo zojambula ndi kutulutsa phokoso sizimawoneke zaka zingapo m'mbuyo mwake. Izi zikhoza kupereka mwayi wodziwitsa mibadwo yamtsogolo ya masewera osavuta a Franz Liszt ndikuwawonetsa zomwe zamakono zomwe ujambula ungakwanitse.

Kuphatikiza kopangidwe ka talente ndi wokonzekera

Mabuku ambiri alembedwa za Edison. Izi zimagwira ntchito mwakhama komanso mwamphamvu, osati kulandira maphunziro okwanira, zodzaza ndi kusowa nzeru ndi kuwerenga mabuku osiyanasiyana. Ndilo khalidwe kuti sanangokhala ndi zolemba zamakono. Zozungulira zake zokhudzana ndi zolemba zake zinaphimba ntchito ya zolemba zambiri za mabuku a padziko lapansi. Izi zandithandiza kuti ndiwonjeze zanga zowonjezera ndikukwera kumwambamwamba kumvetsetsa zonse zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi.

Mosiyana ndi osungira ambiri osakwatira, Edison anasonkhanitsa gulu lonse la anthu oganiza mofanana - anthu okhudzidwa ndi ludzu lopanga luso. Ndipo ngati chipangizo choyamba cha kujambula phokoso ndi kujambula kumawonekera chifukwa cha lingaliro lake, kupitanso patsogolo ndi kukonzanso kwa mapangidwewo kunakhala chipatso cha ntchito yawo yogwirizana. Monga momwe tikuonera, Edison adagwiritsa ntchito luso labwino kwambiri osati lokha, komanso lokonzanso.

Chipangizo chomwe chinalowa mbiriyakale ya dziko

Pasanathe zaka zana ndi theka zidutsa kuchokera tsiku limene galimoto yoyamba inalankhula ndi mau a munthu, koma panthaŵiyi zipangizo zojambula ndi kutulutsa phokoso zinapita kutali. Mfundo ya ndondomekoyi yasintha nthawi zambiri. Zojambulajambulazo zinasinthidwa ndi maginito ojambula, ndipo, kenako, adasinthidwa ndi digito imodzi. Komabe, chipangizo choyamba chojambula ndi kutulutsa phokoso chomwe chawululira anthu omwe sanagwiritsepo ntchito kale mpaka nthawi imeneyo adzalowa mu mbiri ya chitukuko cha dziko lapansi.