Chigumula chochitika. Kuchenjeza anthu za mwadzidzidzi

Iwo ayenera kuyamba ndi tanthauzo la chigumula. Ndi amadzimadzi gawo mode mtsinje. Izi nthawi yochepa kuukitsidwa kwa madzi m'mitsinje, amene amayambitsidwa ndi kusungunuka amphamvu oundana, chisanu, zambiri mvula.

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa madzi okwezeka osefukira - nthawi yatsoka, ndicho - pa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Wochuluka osefukira kungachititse kuti madzi osefukira. M'kupita kwa kayendedwe mafunde ake chigumula popangidwa ndi mtsinje.

Chigumula Hazard?

Iwo amatengedwa kuti ndi nkhani yothandiza dziko, monga mwa nthawi zidzachitika midzi mazana angapo makilomita ndi dziko / ulimi, zikwi hozpostroek chaka ali pa chiopsezo chigumula china. Ngati masoka achilengedwe sangathe kwakukulukulu kutsutsa zamakono komanso kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi, zotsatira zake zingachititse wautali kwambiri zinthu zowonongeka, ngakhale kufa.

chitetezo chigumula

Natural, mpumulo, njira yachibadwa ya chitetezo zimakhala zosakwanira kusukulutsa kuchuluka kwa madzi. Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha magawo omwe ali pa malo a madzi osefukira osiyanasiyana, ntchito yonse machenjerero chimene chingalepheretse izo.

Zotsatirazi chigumula chitetezo:

1. Mpanda System.
2. mabeseni Organization kuti musunge madzi.
3. Kumanga madamu.

Chipatso nyumba - mbali ya zomangamanga ndi malo achilengedwe, cityscape.

Anapereka zochitika chigumula kumafuna ndalama kwambiri ndalama. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nthawi zonse patsalanso nkhani apakhungu za kusaka njira kuti vutoli, zimene kuphatikiza Mwachangu ntchito ndi mwayi zachuma. Akadakwanitsira Mwachitsanzo - gulu dowels. ntchito zawo walola kuti sitingakumane ndi chitetezo zonse ndi masoka achilengedwe monga madzi osefukira, pokhalabe malo pristine (nyumba bulky kwina).

chitetezo Chigumula: miyeso

Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi, ntchito zikuluzikulu za magulu osiyanasiyana a boma ndi makonsolo wodzilamulira ndi maboma wamba, tsoka - kupewa (kuchepetsa) zotsatira za madzi osefukira, kuonetsetsa chitetezo kwa anthu ndi malo ofunika zachuma.

chitetezo Chigumula zimatheka ndi miyeso mukutengera, zimene anawagawa luso (njira) ndi ntchito (mwachangu). Yotsirizira zambiri mulibe mavuto onse, iwo ayenera kugwirana pamodzi ndi luso. Yotsirizira ndi khalidwe njira. Kugwiritsa iwo afunika kupita patsogolo kapangidwe yomanga Miyambo Special, omwe amakhudza kwambiri ndalama zakuthupi.

miyeso luso ulamuliro chigumula

Njirazi ndi monga:

• ikuyenda lamulo la kama mtsinje;
• obvalivanie;
• Chigumula madzi kubwereketsa;
• dredging, ataweramuka ya mabedi mtsinje;
• lamulo kwa spillways paulimi;
• yomanga makhazikitsidwe wapadera hydropower;
• kuchepetsa kumanga m'madera amaganiziridwa chigumula;
• zofunda, etc. zastraivaemogo gawo.

Zakale zinachitikira zinthu izi mu dziko lathu zasonyeza kuti m'madera yodalirika chitetezo (floodplain) wa madzi osefukira komanso chidwi zotsatira zachuma chingapezeke okha pogwiritsa ntchito uthunthu wonse wa ntchito: miyeso yogwira zoteteza (lamulo la runoff), kungokhala chete (ruslouglublenie, obvalivanie ndi kulima.).

Zinthu kulimbikitsa kusankha chodzitetezera

Pali osachepera asanu:

• boma hayidiroliki wa watercourse ya;
• geotechnical, hydrogeological zinthu;
• malo maofesi chuma, nkhani kuti osefukira;
• zimachititsa chilumbachi;
• kupezeka kwa nyumba zomangamanga chigumula zomveka mu mzere (madamu, misewu, madamu, milatho intakes, etc ..).

m'madera zofunikira kanthu atamuopseza osefukira

Ali:

1. Analysis wa nkhaniyi magwero kudziwika ananeneratu nthawi osefukira.
2. Kafukufuku lonse ankaimbidwa chigumula.
3. Development wa miyeso kuteteza izo.
4. Planning, ntchito yokonza kupulumutsidwa pa dera la madzi osefukira ananena.
5. Pogwira miyeso odana ndi chigumula.

Nthawi zambiri, kaya mlandu wa maboma a m'mayikowo anapanga chigumula ntchito, mpando awo amakhala 1st kazembe mitu ya Administration.

Commission chigumula

Iwo ali pansi pa kuwopsyeza kwa osefukira ntchito mode standby. mabungwe awa akuchititsa izi chigumula chitetezo:

1. Round chounikira wotchi za vuto chigumula mu zone ya udindo Ufumuyo positi ntchito Roshydromet kuzipenya mwini.
2. Kulankhulana zonse, nzeru zambiri ndi Commission kwa mwadzidzidzi, ntchito udindo wamba maboma, tsoka.
3. Kuchititsa maphunziro mitu chigumula, gulu la maphunziro mmene zinthu, kuchita pa Chigumulacho.
4. Kutumiza malipoti ku boma apamwamba.
5. Powunikira, mapulani kanthu kudzudzulidwa protivopavodnyh, potengera zinthu ofala.
6. Kuchokera pa chigamulo cha mtsogoleri wa gulu boma imachitika pa ntchito wozungulira wotchi kupulumutsa khama, ndalama.
7. Kukambirana madera resettlement zosakhalitsa anthu omwe nyumba zawo anasefukira, anawononga gulu la maphunziro a nyumba gulu (zibonga, sukulu), m'misasa hema kunyumba othawa kwawowo mu iwo.
8. Yopangidwa kuthawa njira.
9. Imakhala kwa othawa kwawowo ndi zonse zofunikira.
10. Mogwirizana ndi matupi Kupititsa wa Russian Utumiki Mkati, boma za chitetezo katundu, amene anali m'dera anasefukira.
11. Organization za ntchito wotchi ya kuyan'anila kusintha madzi magwero onse osefukira.
12. Kutenga gulu la zopatuka zida m'malo m'misewu yodzaza madzi.
13. Control wa kulimbitsa madamu kale anamanga obvalivany, pomanga atsopano.
14. Organization, yokonza mogwirizana ndi Russian Utumiki wa silikhali, Unduna wa za M'dziko la Russia magulu a Roshydromet, Zonse-Russian Ngozi Medicine Service.

Kuchenjeza anthu: kwenikweni modes wa HIV

Monga kunathandizira mokomera yatsoka pangozi ya chipwirikiti pakati pa anthu. Kuneneratu zotsatira za maganizo otero pakati pa unyinji waukulu wa anthu ndi zovuta, iwo akugwirizana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha masoka.

Kuchepetsa iwo, ndi gulu la zinthu umalimbana kuonetsetsa umoyo wa anthu, zomangamanga, midzi zizindikiro anayambitsa opatsirana pasadakhale, ndi ndondomeko kuwadziwitsa za iwo.

Kuchenjeza anthu za mwadzidzidzi - chenjezo ake za chigumula yayandikirayo. (zivomezi, moto nkhalango, etc ..), The kufala kwa mfundo za ngozi, tsoka. Chifukwa chaichi, ntchito njira zonse zilipo wa basi anatumizanso lamya aya wailesi ndi televizioni.

Mu dziko lathu ambiri zokwanira zothandiza kuulutsa Network. Kuulutsa mayunitsi akupezeka m'mizinda yonse midzi yaikulu. Anthu oposa theka la mabizinezi a, sukulu, m / s zinthu ndi m'dera pakati wailesi. Awa lowonjezera ndi dongosolo wamphamvu, dera, malo Kupititsa dziko TV, repeaters, siteshoni m'dera kulengeza.

Kuchenjeza anthu za mwadzidzidzi umatulutsa sirens, Intaneti waya wailesi ukufalitsidwa kwa mphindi 2-3.

Zakale anafuna kutumiza mbendera "Kumvetsera zonse!" Population. tenepa kwachititsa anthu chidwi kuti kufunika komvera zina zofunika, maso mwadzidzidzi chizindikiro cha kupita. Chimakhala zosaposa masekondi 165.

Chifukwa chaichi, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi whistles magalimoto makampani. Komanso njira ndithu kuchenjeza anthu linali kunja kwa nyumba - okamba panja.

Rural Kwawokhawokha: miyeso chigumula chitetezo

Ambiri chigumula inundation, osefukira n'zotheka kulosera, kuchepetsa zomvetsa kwa iwo. Kuti izi yotsiriza, izi zinachitika chigumula akumidzi:

• analenga chigumula Committee adzakhala fufuzani madamu, weirs, mitundu yonse ya zida sanali woopsa;
• Komanso anauza anthu za zoopsa zikubwera, amachenjeza;
• ngati n'koyenera, chigumula Commission deploys zomangamanga (mwachitsanzo, anamanga embankment, kukumba ngalande wapadera ngalande, etc.);
• izo ikufotokoza njira za kuthawa.

Kumanga malo: miyeso chigumula chitetezo

chigumula A kugwiritsa afunkha magulu kupulumutsidwa ntchito, zomwe zili ndi njira asamire. Anachita kufufuza amene anakhudzidwa ndi amene anagwidwa mu zone chigumula, kuwapatsa chithandizo choyamba, kuchoka iwo ku malo otetezeka. Panopa n'zotheka kulosera isanayambike nyengo chigumula, khalidwe lake, ndipo kenako konzani zofunika kusamala.

miyezo chigumula ulamuliro wonse pantchitoyo ayenera kupatsidwa pa siteji kamangidwe ka ntchito yomanga chinthu makamaka. Iwo anamanga madamu, apadera kuchinga jumper kwa anapitiriza kumanga nyumba zikuluzikulu pa ina. Pakuti aliyense mutu payekha atathana dera udindo. Ziyenera kuchitidwa wotchi kuwunika Nyamulani madzi.

Kukula kwa ndalama chitetezo chigumula pamwamba pa maziko a deta yeniyeni lolingana ntchito kuti kumanga. Zikatero, ngati mukufuna kuchita miyeso chigumula ulamuliro pantchitoyo, ndalama zolinga izi udzakhazikika pa maziko a Ziyerekezo zamitengo ya zipangizo ntchito.